Escolar Documentos
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Cultura Documentos
& Dispersion
Arithmetic Mean
Methods Name
Nature of Data
Ungrouped Data
Grouped Data
Direct Method
Indirect or
Short-Cut Method
Method of
Step-Deviation
Where
Indicates values of the variable
Indicates number of values of
.
.
Step-deviation and
i.e,
Median
Median from Ungrouped Data:
Median = Value of
item
Note: Another simple method to calculate median for ungrouped
data is as follows:
1. For odd values just pick the central most value that will be the
median.
2. For even values just ad up the two central most values and divide it
by 2 the answer will be the median.
Median from Grouped Data:
Where
= Lower class boundary of the model class
= Frequency of the median class
= Number of values or total frequency
= Cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median
class
= Class interval size of the model class
Mode
1 | Page
Or
Where
= Lower class boundary of the model class
= Frequency of the model class (maximum frequency)
= Frequency preceding the model class frequency
= Frequency following the model class frequency
= Class interval size of the model class
Mode from Discrete Data:
When the data follows discrete set of values, the mode may be
found by inspection. Mode is the value of X corresponding to the
maximum frequency.
Geometric Mean
For Ungrouped Data
Harmonic Mean
For Ungrouped Data
Quartiles
Quartile for Individual Observations (Ungrouped Data):
2 | Page
Deciles
Percentiles:
3 | Page
1. The Range:
Measures of Dispersion
Coefficient Of Range
Coefficient of Range =
Xm Xo
Xm Xo
S.I.Q.R = Q.D =
Q3 Q1
Q3 Q1
XX
n
Or
X Mean
M.D =
n
f XX
f
Or
M.D =
X Mean
Or
Coefficient of M.D from Mean =
M .D From X
X
X Median
n
X Median
Direct Method
Short Cut Method
Coding Method or Step-Deviation Method
1. Direct Method
For Ungrouped Data
S.D = S =
X
n
or
S.D = S =
X X
5 | Page
S.D = S =
fX
f
fX
f
S.D = S =
f X X
f
S.D = S =
Where D= X
A
For Grouped Data
fD
f
S.D = S =
fD
f
S.D = S = h
u
X A
or
h
Where
D
h
S.D = S = h
fu
f
fu
f
Coefficient of S.D =
5 Variance ( S 2 )
Methods of Variance
1. Direct Method
2. Short Cut Method
3. Coding Method or Step-Deviation Method
1. Direct Method
For Ungrouped Data
Var(X) =
S =
Var(X) =
S2 =
X X
6 | Page
Var(X) =
Var(X) =
S =
S =
fX
f
fX
f
f X X
f
S =
Where D=
XA
For Grouped Data
Var(X) =
S2 =
fD
f
fD
f
S = h
2
XA
D
u
or
h
h
Where
Var(X) = S = h
2
fu
f
fu
f
S .D
100
X
Mean Mode
S .D
SK =
3 Mean Median
S .D
Q3 Q1 2 Median
Q3 Q1
7 | Page