Planning for Emergencies

Workplace Emergency - A sudden, unforeseen crisis, usually involving danger, which requires immediate action.
What to Prepare?
1. First Aid Kit
2. Equipment - stretcher, eye and body washer, fire alarm, smoke detector, fire extinguisher, wheel chair
3. Evacuation Plan
4. Emergency Plan
What to Do?
1. Involve employees in the planning process - they will take the plan seriously and be more likely to respond
to emergencies
2. Identify Emergencies that could take place.
3. Establish a Chain of Command - links one person with overall responsibility for managing an emergency
4. Assign an Emergency Scene Commander - a trained employee who has overall responsibility for managing
emergencies
5. Accounting for Employees after an Evacuation: designation of a meeting area away from the emergency
site
6. Alerting employees to an emergency - public address system, portable radio or alarm
7. Conducting Employee Rescues - "it takes more than good intentions to save lives."
8. Coordinating with multi-employer - if on a building with another.
9. Developing quick-response teams - volunteer employees trained to handle incidents that require
immediate action
10. Establishing evacuation exits - should have a primary evacuation exit and an alternate exit
11. Educate employees about emergencies and evacuations a. Educate new employees
b. Train emergency scene coordinators
c. Schedule drills
12. Providing medical assistance and first aid
13. Recording critical employee information
14. Reporting fires and other emergencies - procedures for reporting fires.
15. Selecting and using personal protective equipment - work gloves, goggles.

1. Tsunami
a. Follow tsunami evacuation plans (lower ground evacuation)
b. Do not return yet to low-lying areas until ordered by local authorities.
2. Explosion
a. Inform ESC
b. Assess damage and estimate human casualties.
c. Administer first aid.
d. Don't use elevators.
e. Evacuate
3. Hazardous-substance Release
a. Inform ESC.
b. Evacuate the area surrounding the release and call 911.
4. Weather-related Event
a. Wait for instructions from ESC
b. Tune a battery-powered radio to a local station
c. Do not evacuate unless ordered.
5. Threats of Violence (Bomb threats, terrorism)
a. Inform ESC
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a. Inform ESC
b. Activate a silent alarm.
c. Isolate the threatening person.

*Good Planning & Good Communication

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Introduction to Safety Engineering

What Do Engineers Do?
Plan, design, build, maintain and decommission.
Infrastructure (roads, water supply systems), Structures (houses, hospitals, schools)
Safeguard - people, environment, assets
*We model the real world to the "best" of our knowledge.
*All activities are associated with uncertainties.
*"All engineering" involves risk.
*Innovation in design generally increases risk.
*Any change (from proven practice) will often increase risk.
*Codes of ethics require the engineer to prevent exposure of the public to unacceptable risks.
*NSPE Code:
1. Make safe and approved engineering designs.
2. Do not sign any unverified or unsafe designs.
3. In unsafe circumstances, inform client or employer.
Safety - quality or the state of not presenting risk.
*Nothing is 100% safe.
Safety Engineering - attempts to reduce risks by eliminating and controlling hazards.
Defense of Employer's Before
1. If he contributed to the accident.
2. If others contributed to the accident.
3. If employee knew the hazards beforehand.
4. There was no employer negligence.
Fundamental Safety Tenets - People, not things, causes accidents.
Basic Principle 1. Accident are symptoms of something wrong in the management system.
Basic Principle 2. Certain sets of circumstances can be predicted.
Basic Principle 3. Safety should be managed like any other company function
Basic u
Severe Injuries that are predictable.
1. Unusual, routing work
2. Non-production activities
3. Source of high energy.
4. Certain construction situations.

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Midterm Topics
Confined Space Entry:
*Confined space: storage tanks, pits, silos, vats, tunnels, sewers, shafts, exhaust ducts
(1) has limited or restricted means of entry or exit
(2) large enough for a person to enter to perform tasks
(3) not designed or configured for continuous occupancy
*Characteristics according to OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1. Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
2. Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing the entrant
3. Has internal configuration that might cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated
4. Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazards
*Reducing Risks of Hazards
1. Signs
2. Barriers
3. Written space entry program
4. Conduct air monitoring and other tests and evaluate hazards
5. Ventilate, eliminate or control the space's atmospheric hazards before entry
Fall Protection
*Occupational Safety and Health Act (1971) administered by Department of Labor
Requirements of OSHA:
1. Allow OSHA inspections without notice or as a result of an employee complaint
Provide workers with information on
2. OSHA protection
3. identifying hazardous substances
4. First aid procedures and protection against pathogens
5. Provide workers with training to deal with fires and other emergencies
6. OSHA requires that employers not take action against employees

*Control Zone - distance between an unguarded edge of a building and a line which is set back safe distance of 2m
or 6.5ft.
*Fall Arrest System - a system that will stop a worker's fall before the worker hits the surface below (TAGA-SALO!)
*Fall Protection System - used to protect a worker from a fall or minimize the risk from falling (Taga-prevent ng fall)
*Fall Restraint System - work positioning system to prevent a worker from falling from a work position
*Personal fall protection system - individual worker's fall protection system = safety belt or full body harness
*Safety Monitor System - system in which a trained worker is designated to monitor work activities in a control
zone
Causes of Fall
1. Foreign object on the walking surface
2. Design flaw in the walking surface
3. Slippery surfaces
4. Physical Condition
Types of Fall
1. Trip and fall (natalisod)
2. Stump and fall (naipit / nadikit)
3. Step and fall (maling hakbang)
4. Slip and fall (nadulas)

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Introduction to Industrial Hygiene

*Industrial Hygiene - science and art devoted to anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of those environmental factors
or stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort
among workers or among the citizens of the community.
*Worksite Analysis - essential first step that helps an industrial hygienist determine what jobs and work stations are the sources
of potential problems.
*Engineering, work practice and administrative controls - primary means of reducing employee exposure to occupational
hazards.
1. Engineering Controls - minimize employee exposure by either reducing or removing the hazard at the source or isolating
the worker from the hazard.
2. Work Practice Controls - alter the manner in which a task is performed

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