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MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE
A/y. Edwin L. Dimatatac, MD

Health Profession under PRC

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Health Professions
under PRC

DenDstry (R.A. No. 9484)

Medical Technology (R.A. No. 5527)
Medicine (R.A. No. 2383, as amended)
Midwifery (R.A. No. 7392)
Nursing (R.A. No. 9173)
NutriDon and DieteDcs (P.D. No. 1286)
Optometry (R.A. No. 8050)

Health Professions
under PRC
Pharmacy (R.A. No. 5921)
Physical Therapy and OccupaDonal Therapy
(R.A. 5680)
Radiologic and X-Ray Technology (R.A. No.
7431)
Sanitary Engineering (R.A. No. 1364)
Social Workers (R.A. No. 4373)
Veterinary Medicine (R.A. 9268)

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Health related professions are generally

regulated by law and have a Code of Ethics
applicable to the profession
Law and Code of Ethics embody the ideals
expected of the health professional, and serve
basis for self-regulaDon and administraDve
liability.

PRIVACY/MEDICAL PRIVACY/
CONFIDENTIALITY

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MEDICAL PRIVACY
Privacy - the state of being free from intrusion or
disturbance in one's private life or aairs
Conden.ality - privacy of informaDon and its
protecDon against unauthorized disclosure
Medical or Health Privacy protecDon of the
condenDal nature of personal health informaDon,
includes communicaDons between health provider
and paDent, personal data and informaDon about
disease or paDents condiDon as contained in
medical records

Rules of Court, Rule 128 Sec. 24

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Rules of Court, Rule 128 Sec. 24

DisqualicaDon by reason of privileged
communicaDon. The following persons cannot
tesDfy as to ma/ers learned in condence in the
following cases: xxx
(c) A person authorized to pracDce medicine, surgery
or obstetrics cannot in a civil case, without the
consent of the paDent, be examined as to any advice
or treatment given by him or any informaDon which
he may have acquired in a/ending such paDent in a
professional capacity, which informaDon was
necessary to enable him to act in capacity, and which
would blacken the reputaDon of the paDent. xxx

Medical Records

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Medical Records
Medical Records owned by hospital or physician
but personal data contained therein belongs to
paDent
Custodian of records have a duty not to disclose or
release contents of medical records unless
authorized by law or ordered by court unless paDent
consents
Electronic Medical Records, Telemedicine poses
challenges to health informaDon privacy

The Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (See

R.A. 8792 5, 7, 31-33) provides that any
person with access to electronic data
messages or documents has the obligaDon of
condenDality or the duty not to convey the
informaDon to, or share it with, any other
person. Under this law, unauthorized access
to computer systems is punishable by a ne
and mandatory imprisonment.

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The anD-wiretapping law (See R.A. No. 4200

1-2) may also be applied where a person
who is not authorized by parDes to a private
communicaDon record or communicate its
contents. The act would probably cover
doctor-paDent communicaDon which is
privileged and condenDal, and which
therefore should not be recorded or disclosed
without consent.

Specic Health Privacy LegislaDon

Republic Act No. 8504 (handling of
informaDon, both the idenDty and status, of
persons with HIV)
Republic Act No. 9165 (condenDality of
records of those who have undergone drug
rehabilitaDon)

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Specic Health Privacy LegislaDon

Republic Act No. 9262 (condenDality of
records pertaining to cases of violence against
women and their children)
Republic Act No. 8595 (ensuring privacy and
safety of rape vicDms)
Duty of condenDality may extend to those
who may have access to the private
informaDon, including custodian of records.

Under the Philippine AIDS PrevenDon and

Control Act of 1998, the duty of maintaining
paDent condenDality is imposed on all
persons involved in handling and maintaining
paDent records. The law extends the duty not
just to health professionals but also to health
instructors, co-workers, employers,
recruitment agencies, insurance companies,
data encoders, and other custodians of
medical records.

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R.A. No. 8504 Philippine AIDS PrevenDon and

Control Act of 1998": See 15-17, 30-42
Wri/en informed consent - requisite for HIV
tesDng
Compulsory HIV tesDng unlawful
Medical condenDality of all medical
informaDon
ViolaDon of CondenDality and discriminatory
acts and policies penalized

SOURCES OF OBLIGATION

PHYSICIAN AND HOSPITAL

LIABILITY

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Sources of ObligaDon

Delict
Quasi-delict
Contract
Quasi-contract

Who is considered to be pracDcing medicine?

A. A medical student diagnosing and treaDng a
paDent under the supervision of the doctor
B. A denDst because we call him/her a doctor
C. Someone interviewed by Anthony Taberna
on his show who oers to treats AIDS with a
miracle drug for free
D. An optometrist who examines the eye and
provides eyeglasses

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PracDce of Medicine

A person shall be considered as engaged in the pracDce of medicine

(a) who shall, for compensaDon, fee, salary or reward in any form, paid
to him directly or through another, or even without the same,
physical examine any person, and diagnose, treat, operate or
prescribe any remedy for any human disease, injury, deformity,
physical, mental or physical condiDon or any ailment, real or
imaginary, regardless of the nature of the remedy or treatment
administered, prescribed or recommended; or
(b) who shall, by means of signs, cards, adverDsements, wri/en or
printed ma/er, or through the radio, television or any other means
of communicaDon, either oer or undertake by any means or
method to diagnose, treat, operate or prescribe any remedy for any
human disease, injury, deformity, physical, mental or physical
condiDon; or
(c) who shall use the Dtle M.D. aqer his name. (Republic Act No. 2382,
10)

The following are NOT acts

consDtuDng the pracDce of medicine
(a) any medical student duly
enrolled in an approved

medical college or school under training, serving

without any professional fee in any government or
private hospital, provided that he renders such
service under the direct supervision and control of a
registered physician;
(b) any legally registered dentist engaged exclusively
in the practice of dentistry;
(c) any duly registered masseur or physiotherapist,
provided that he applies massage or other physical
means upon written order or prescription of a duly
registered physician, or provided that such
application of massage or physical means shall be
limited to physical or muscular development;

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(d) any duly registered optometrist who mechanically fits

or sells lenses, artificial eyes, limbs or other similar
appliances or who is engaged in the mechanical
examination of eyes for the purpose of constructing or
adjusting eye glasses, spectacles and lenses;
(e) any person who renders any service gratuitously in
cases of emergency, or in places where the services of a
duly registered physician, nurse or midwife are not
available;
(f) any person who administers or recommends any
household remedy as per classification of existing
Pharmacy Laws; and
(g) any psychologist or mental hygienist in the
performance of his duties, provided such performance is
done in conjunction with a duly registered physician.
(Republic Act No. 2382, 11)

Can a person pracDce medicine without a duly

issued medical license from PRC?
What is illegal pracDce of medicine?
Physician Liability
Grounds for reprimand, suspension or
revoca.on of registra.on cer.cate

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Physician Liability
Administra@ve Liability
Civil Liability
Criminal Liability

The Code of Medical Ethics

Duties of Physicians to their
patients
Duties of Physicians to the
Community
Duties of Physicians to their
colleagues and to the profession
Duties of Physicians to allied
professionals
Relationship of Physicians with the
Health Products Industry

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DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO
THEIR PATIENTS
Competence based on current
standards
Free to choose patients except if
emergency
Refer when needed
Good faith and Strict honesty
Preserve confidential information
Reasonable fees

DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO THE

COMMUNITY
Cooperate with proper authoriDes for health
promoDon or with government in administraDon
of jusDce
A/end to vicDms of epidemic and public
calamity, except if personal safety is at stake
Report unlicensed medical pracDDoners
SoliciDng paDents unethical
Physicians in mulDmedia must be well informed
Shall not endorse medical or health product

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DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO
THEIR COLLEAGUES AND TO
THE PROFESSION
Gratuitous service to a colleague, his or her spouse,
children and parents
Consultation with colleague when necessary,
Observe proper protocol of referral system
Full Disclosure of any pharmaceutical support in case
of articles and presentations
Report corrupt or dishonest conduct to proper forum
May accept funds for CME but CME should be free
from commercial influence

DUTIES OF PHYSICIANS TO
ALLIED PROFESSIONALS
No payment of receipt of commissions
from allied health worker for cases
referred

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RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICIANS
WITH THE HEALTH PRODUCTS
INDUSTRY
No material gain from product samples by may
try new products on paDents provided they
consent
Giqs of reasonable value that would benet
paDent may be accepted from health product
company; donaDons for charitable purpose may
be requested
Research acDviDes should be ethical, responsible
and valid

Which is a Ground for reprimand/

suspension/revocation of license to
practice medicine?
A. Doctor taking videos of himself having sexual
intercourse with a woman but the taking of
videos is without the womans consent
B. Doctor adverDsing his name, profession, clinic
address and clinic hours
C. Issuing a medical cerDcate when the diagnosis
indicated in the medical cerDcate is later
proven to be wrong
D. AssisDng the aborDon of a woman with an
ectopic pregnancy

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Grounds for reprimand, suspension or

revoca.on of registra.on cer.cate
(1) ConvicDon by a court of competent jurisdicDon of any
criminal oense involving moral turpitude;
(2) Immoral or dishonorable conduct;
(3) Insanity;
(4) Fraud in the acquisiDon of the cerDcate of registraDon;
(5) Gross negligence, ignorance or incompetence in the
pracDce of his or her profession resulDng in an injury to or
death of the paDent;
(6) AddicDon to alcoholic beverages or to any habit forming
drug rendering him or her incompetent to pracDce his or
her profession, or to any form of gambling;

(7) False or extravagant or unethical adverDsements wherein

other things than his name, profession, limitaDon of
pracDce, clinic hours, oce and home address, are
menDoned.
(8) Performance of or aiding in any criminal aborDon;
(9) Knowingly issuing any false medical cerDcate;
(10) Issuing any statement or spreading any news or rumor
which is derogatory to the character and reputaDon of
another physician without jusDable moDve;
(11) Aiding or acDng as a dummy of an unqualied or
unregistered person to pracDce medicine;
(12) Viola@on of any provision of the Code of Ethics as
approved by the Philippine Medical Associa@on.

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Can a physician refuse to a/end an emergency?

Refusal of a physician to a/end a paDent in

danger of death is not a sucient ground for
revocaDon or suspension of his registraDon
cerDcate if there is a risk to the physician's
life.

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AdministraDve Liability
ViolaDon of Code of Ethics
ViolaDon of Medical Act of 1959 Sec. 24 (but
some of those enumerated are also grounds
for civil and/or criminal liability)
E.O. No. 212 (July 10, 1987) ReporDng of
treatment of Serious and Less Serious Physical
Injuries to nearest government health
authority

PRC Procedure
Formal complaints should be submi/ed in
person at the PRC oce. Formal complaints
undergo four stages:
Docke@ng and Calendar - this starts from the
date of ling of the complaint to when the
noDce of pre-trial is sent to the parDes.
Pre-trial and Deposi@ons covers the pre-trial,
deposiDons, and other pracDces designed to
dispense with, or limit Dme for the recepDon of
evidence

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PRC Procedure
Recep@on of Evidence evidence for both the
complainant and for the respondent are
presented as well as the rebu/al evidence.
Decision-making discussions and vote on
the case and the preparaDon and signing of
the decision.

CRIMINAL LIABILITY

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Can the fact of being a doctor be

considered an aggravaDng

circumstance?

CRIMINAL LIABILITY
* Degree of InstrucDon as an AlternaDve
Circumstance
Illegal PracDce of Medicine
False Medical CerDcate
AborDon pracDced by a physician or midwife
SimulaDon of births, subsDtuDon of one child
for another and concealment or abandonment
of a legiDmate child.
Criminal Negligence

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Reckless Imprudence
The elements of reckless imprudence are:
(1)that the oender does or fails to do an act;
(2)that the doing or the failure to do that act is voluntary;
(3)that it be without malice;
(4)that material damage results from the reckless
imprudence; and
(5)that there is inexcusable lack of precauDon on the part
of the oender, taking into consideraDon his
employment or occupaDon, degree of intelligence,
physical condiDon, and other circumstances regarding
persons, Dme and place.

Reckless Imprudence

The allegations in the information in this case that the

accused acted with reckless negligence in diagnosing,
prescribing for, and treating the deceased Susana Tam,
knowing that she did not possess the necessary technical
knowledge or skill to do so, thus causing her death,
sufficiently charge the crime of homicide through reckless
imprudence, since ordinary diligence counsels one not to
tamper with human life by trying to treat a sick man when he
knows that he does not have the special skill, knowledge,
and competence to attempt such treatment and cure, and may
consequently reasonably foresee harm or injury to the latter.
In a similar case wherein the accused, not being a regular
practitioner, undertook to render medical assistance to
another, causing physical injuries to the latter, said accused
was found guilty and convicted by this Court of physical
injuries through imprudence under the old Penal Code (U. S.
vs. Feliciano Divino, 12 Phil., 175). [People vs. Vda. de Golez,
108 Phil. 855, 859(1960)]

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Whether or not a physician has committed an

inexcusable lack of precaution in the treatment of
his patient is to be determined according to the
standard of care observed by other members of the
profession in good standing under similar
circumstances bearing in mind the advanced state
of the profession at the time of treatment or the
present state of medical science [Cruz vs. Court of
Appeals, 282 SCRA 188, 199-200(1997)(This case
involves a hysterectomy performed for myoma
allegedly in a hospital with inadequate facilities and
untidy surroundings. The accused was acquitted
because of lack of expert testimony to establish
standard of care.]

The crime is committed if a person

undergoes to treat a patient even if he
is not qualified, and in the process
causes injury to the patient.
Inexcusable lack of precaution is
determined based on accepted
standard of care of the medical
profession.

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Negligence of a doctor resulDng to injury to a
paDent may be ground for criminal liability. It is
also basis for civil liability and award of damages
under what law?

NEGLIGENCE CAUSING INJURY TO A

PATIENT
The Medical Act imposes the penalty of
imprisonment, fine, or both for any person
found guilty of illegal practice of medicine.
This refers to the act of engaging in the
practice of medicine (defined in 10) without
complying with the prerequisites provided
by the same act (as provided in 8). There is
no penalty under the Medical Act of 1959 for
gross negligence, ignorance or incompetence
other than administrative liability. (Republic
Act No. 2382, 8,10 and 28)

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Gross negligence, ignorance, or

incompetence in the pracDce of Medicine
resulDng in an injury to or death of the
paDent may be basis for award of damages
under the Civil Code which makes every
person who negligently causes damage to
another liable to indemnify the la/er for the
same. (New Civil Code, , arts. 19-21, 2176.)

Civil Liability
Direct Liability under arDcle 2176
Vicarious Liability, arDcle 2180 in relaDon to
arDcle 2176

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Art. 2176. Whoever by act or omission causes

damage to another, there being fault or
negligence, is obliged to pay for the damage
done. Such fault or negligence, if there is no
pre-exisDng contractual relaDon between the
parDes, is called a quasi-delict and is governed
by the provisions of this Chapter.

Culpable Act or Negligence

Damage to another
Causal rela@on between the culpable act or
negligence and the damage to another

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Elements of Medical Negligence

Elements of Medical Negligence

duty
breach
injury
proximate causaDon

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TEST to determine negligence: Did the defendant in

doing the alleged negligent act use that reasonable
care and cau@on which an ordinarily prudent person
would have used in the same situa@on? If not, he is
guilty of negligence.
Conduct is said to be negligent when a prudent man
in the posi@on of the torSeasor would have foreseen
that an eect harmful to another was suciently
probable to warrant his foregoing the conduct or
guarding against its consequences.

Negligence Conduct which creates undue risk of

harm to others; risk means a danger which is
apparent or should be apparent, to one in the
posi@on of the actor; determina@on of negligence is a
ques@on of foresight on the part of the actor
(FORSEEABILITY); eect harmful to other was
suciently probable to warrant his conduct or
guarding against its consequence (PROBABILITY)
The fault or negligence of the obligor consists in the
omission of that diligence which is required by the
nature of the obliga@on and corresponds with the
circumstances of the persons, of the @me and of the
place.

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PROXIMATE CAUSE: that cause, which, in

natural and con@nuous sequence, unbroken
by any ecient intervening cause, produces
the injury, and without which the result
would not have occurred.

Burden of Proof
Proof Required

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Burden of Proof
BURDEN OF PROOF: duty of a party to present evidence
on the facts in issue necessary to establish his claim or
defenses by the amount of evidence required by law
Plain@ alleging DAMAGE because of the negligent act of
defendant has the burden of proving such negligence
It is even presumed that a person takes ordinary care of
his concerns
Quantum of proof required is preponderance of evidence
Excep@on: when rules or the laws provide for cases when
negligence is presumed

Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur

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Doctrine of Res Ipsa Loquitur

the accident was of a kind which does not
ordinarily occur unless someone is negligent;
and
that the instrumentality or agency which caused
the injury was under the exclusive control of the
person charged with negligence.
the injury suered must not have been due to
any voluntary acDon or contribuDon on the part
of the person injured

The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur, operates

more as a rule of evidence than a substanDal
basis of a cause of acDon.
The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur warrants a
presumpDon or inference of negligence on the
part of the person having charge of the
instrumentality causing damage.
Direct evidence as to specic act of negligence
causing injury absent or not readily available

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Elements of Medical Negligence

duty
breach
injury
proximate causaDon

Doctrine of Informed Consent

based upon the
Elements in a malpracDce acDon

doctrine of informed consent:

(1)the physician had a duty to disclose material risks;
(2)he failed to disclose or inadequately disclosed those
risks;
(3)as a direct and proximate result of the failure to
disclose, the paDent consented to treatment she
otherwise would not have consented to; and
(4)plainD was injured by the proposed treatment.
The paDent must point to signicant undisclosed
informaDon relaDng to the treatment which would
have altered her decision to undergo it.
[Li v. Soliman, G.R. No. 165279, June 7, 2011]

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Possible defenses of Physician

Possible Defenses of a Physician

1. No negligence
2. Plaintiffs Own Negligence is cause of
injury
3. Assumption of risk (related to informed
consent)
4. Act of God/Accident/Force Majeur

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PaDents own Negligence

Doctrine of Contributory Negligence
plainDs own
Art.2179.When the

negligence was the immediate and proximate

cause of his injury, he cannot recover
damages. But if his negligence was only
contributory, the immediate and proximate
cause of the injury being the defendants lack
of due care, the plainD may recover
damages, but the courts shall miDgate the
damages to be awarded. (See also Cayao-
Lasam vs. Ramolete, 574 SCRA 439(2008)]

VICARIOUS LIABILITY
ArDcle 2180 - The obligaDon imposed by
ArDcle 2176 is demandable not only for one's
own acts or omissions, but also for those of
persons for whom one is responsible. Xxx
The owners and managers of an
establishment or enterprise are likewise
responsible for damages caused by their
employees in the service of the branches in
which the la/er are employed or on the
occasion of their funcDons.

Employers shall be liable for the damages
caused by their employees and household
helpers acDng within the scope of their
assigned tasks, even though the former are
not engaged in any business or industry.

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VICARIOUS LIABILITY
Employers shall be liable for the damages
caused by their employees and household
helpers acDng within the scope of their assigned
tasks, even though the former are not engaged
in any business or industry.xxx
The responsibility treated of in this arDcle shall
cease when the persons herein menDoned
prove that they observed all the diligence of a
good father of a family to prevent damage.

Give an Example of a
Doctrine that makes a physician
vicariously liable

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VICARIOUS LIABILITY

Captain of Ship Doctrine
Borrowed Servant Doctrine

CONSENT FORMS AND WAIVER OF

LIABILITY
expressly specied
Art. 1174. Except in cases

by the law, or when it is otherwise declared

by s@pula@on, or when the nature of the
obliga@on requires the assump@on of risk, no
person shall be responsible for those events
which could not be foreseen, or which,
though foreseen, were inevitable.

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CONSENT FORMS AND WAIVER OF

LIABILITY
Admission and Consent
Release Forms: Consent on

to Operation.
Both release forms consist of two parts. The first
part gave CMC permission to administer to Corazon
any form of recognized medical treatment which the
CMC medical staff deemed advisable. The second
part of the documents, which may properly be
described as the releasing part, releases CMC and its
employees from any and all claims arising from or
by reason of the treatment and operation.

The documents do not expressly release CMC from

liability for injury to Corazon due to negligence
during her treatment or operation. Neither do the
consent forms expressly exempt CMC from liability
for Corazons death due to negligence during such
treatment or operation. Such release forms, being in
the nature of contracts of adhesion, are construed
strictly against hospitals. Besides, a blanket release
in favor of hospitals from any and all claims,
which includes claims due to bad faith or gross
negligence, would be contrary to public policy and
thus void.

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Even simple negligence is not subject to blanket

release in favor of establishments like hospitals
but may only mitigate liability depending on the
circumstances. When a person needing urgent
medical attention rushes to a hospital, he
cannot bargain on equal footing with the
hospital on the terms of admission and
operation. Such a person is literally at the mercy
of the hospital. There can be no clearer example
of a contract of adhesion than one arising from
such a dire situation. Thus, the release forms of
CMC cannot relieve CMC from liability for the
negligent medical treatment of Corazon.
[Nogales vs. Capitol Medical Center, 511 SCRA
204, 228-29(2006)]

Hospital Liability
Direct Liability under arDcle 2176
Corporate liabiliDes - those arising from the
failure of hospitals to furnish accommodaDons
and faciliDes necessary to carry out its
purpose or to follow the established standard
of conduct to which it should conform.
Vicarious Liability

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Under 2176, two things must be proven: that

the hospital did not exercise reasonable care
and cauDon required of prudent hospitals; and
second, that this failure is the cause of injury
to the paDent.

Elements of Medical Negligence

duty
breach
injury
proximate causaDon

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Give an example of a hospital duty

provided by law

DuDes of Hospitals provided by

Law
1. DUTY TO OBTAIN LICENSE
2. DUTY TO RENDER IMMEDIATE EMERGENCY
MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
3. DUTY NOT TO REQUIRE DEPOSIT IN
EMERGENCY AND SERIOUS CASES
4. DUTY NOT TO CAUSE DETENTION OF
PATIENTS DUE TO NONPAYMENT

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HOSPITAL CODE OF ETHICS

The Primary objecDve of the hospital are the
following:
1.2 To provide the best possible faciliDes for
the care of the sick and injured at all Dmes;
1.3 To constantly upgrade and improve
methods for the care, the cure, amelioraDon
and prevenDon of disease; and

HOSPITAL CODE OF ETHICS

1.4 To promote the pracDce of medicine by
Physicians within the insDtuDon consistent
with the acceptable quality of paDent care.
These objecDves require an ecient
organizaDon, a competent administrator, a
qualied medical sta, other well-trained
personnel and adequate physical faciliDes
with all of which services are made available
at all Dmes consistent with community needs.

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Corporate Negligence
(1) A duty to use reasonable care in the
maintenance of safe and adequate faciliDes and
equipment;
(2) A duty to select and retain only competent
physicians;
(3) A duty to oversee all persons who pracDce
medicine within its walls as to paDent care; and
(4) A duty to formulate, adopt and enforce
adequate rules and policies to ensure quality care
for the paDents

What doctrine may be used to

make a hospital liable for acts of an

independent
contractor such as a
physician who performs a
negligent act causing injury to
paDent?

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Vicarious Liability
1. vicarious liability for acts of an employee
2. the doctrine of apparent authority or
agency by estoppel

Doctrine of Apparent Authority

It must be stressed that under the doctrine of
apparent authority, the ques@on in every
case is whether the principal has by his
voluntary act placed the agent in such a
situa@on that a person of ordinary prudence,
conversant with business usages and the
nature of the par@cular business, is jus@ed
in presuming that such agent has authority to
perform the par@cular act in ques@on.

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Hospital's manifestaDons - described as an

inquiry whether the hospital acted in a
manner which would lead a reasonable
person to conclude that the individual who
was alleged to be negligent was an employee
or agent of the hospital.

PaDent's reliance - as an inquiry on whether

the plainD acted in reliance upon the
conduct of the hospital or its agent, consistent
with ordinary care and prudence

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CASE 1
13/F underwent an appendectomy.
Apparently, patient was not weighed
prior to the operation.
The Operation was scheduled at 5PM
but started 5:45PM because the surgeon
arrived only at that time. Patient was
finally brought out of the OR at 7PM and
brought back to her room. Patient did
not wake up and had a weak
heartbeat but was apparently revived.
Surgeon and anesthesiologist then left.

Approximately 15 minutes later,

patient suffered convulsions. The
family physician, surgeon and a
cardiologist were called and after
examining patient, doctors consulted
with each other.
The cardiologist then informed the
parents that the infection went up to
her head and that the
anesthesiologist will be called.
The anesthesiologist arrived only at
10:30PM.

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Upon arriving and aeeing 2 small bottles and

a big bottle of dextrose hanging above the
bed of the child, the anesthesiologist said,
"What is this? Christmas tree or what?"
When asked why the child is deteriorating,
the anesthesiologist answered, "that is
nothing, the child will regain consciousness
and if the child will not regain consciousness,
I will resign as a doctor.
Patient never regained consciousness and
died 3 days later.

CASE 2
Elderly male consulted clinic and found to
have BP 210/100 and HR 112. Patient was
given Capoten 25mg and advised to go to
a hospital. Physician instructed clinic
ambulance to stand-by for conduction.
After resting for a few minutes, patient said
that he will just look for a companion. A
nurse was asked to look for the patient but
he could not be found. After a few minutes,
the doctor left.

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Patient apparently went to the hospital and

was treated in the emergency room for four
hours. Upon being discharged and prior to
arriving home, patient experienced nausea,
abnormal palpitation and uneasiness and
had to be brought back to the hospital. He
was admitted for treatment but the following
morning, he suffered a stroke. He never
completely recovered and eventually died
months later.

CASE 3
A video was uploaded in YouTube showing
an operation wherein medical staff
extracted a can of body spray lodged in a
patients rectum. Throughout the entire
operation, the staff were seen to laugh and
jeer, and several of them exclaimed, baby
out! when the spray can was finally
removed. The hospital apparently asked
the patients permission to take the video of
the unusual case, and the patient agreed.

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CASE 4
Several sex videos found their way in
the internet showing a physician
having sex with various female
partners. Videos were apparently
taken without the knowledge and
consent of the women, some of whom
were his patients. Immorality
complaints were filed against the
physician before the Professional
Regulations Commission.

The physicians license was revoked as

he was found guilty of immorality and
dishonorable and/or unethical
conduct offensive to the profession.
Physicians are expected to show
respect for women and their patients,
and to uphold the honor, dignity and
integrity of the medical profession.

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THANK YOU

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