IE LAB MINI PROJECT

MEMBERS:
6 : DEEPANSHU SEHGAL
7: NEERAJ KUMAR
25: HIMANSHU AHUJA
47: SHASHANK GARG

FIRE ALARM DETECTOR:

FIRE ALARM USING LM741:
Here is another small project on fire alarm. When a fire accident is happened in home or office,
it will detect the fire (intensity of fire in the room) at instant and give the alarm so we can be
ready and act accordingly. Here is another small project on fire alarm. When a fire accident
happens in home or office, it will detect the fire (intensity of fire in the room) at instant and give
the alarm so we can be ready and act accordingly.

COMPONENTS USED:
THERMISTOR
LM741
NE555
LED
CAPACITORS(0.01mf;100f)
RESISTORS(100K,4.7K,100K,22K)
SPEAKER

MAIN COMPONENTS:

The thermistor is the main component which detects the fire by sudden change in the room
temperature because of the heat generated by the fire. The thermistor will detect the heat and
give the information to the LM741 OP-AMP. The op-amp will make the NE555 to generate pulse
which has been given to a buzzer to buzz.
Thermistor: The resistance of the thermistor will change according to the temperature. There
are two types of thermistors of which one type of thermistor will increase its resistance with
increase in temperature called as positive temperature coefficient and the other type of
thermistor will decrease its resistance with increase in temperature called as negative
temperature coefficient. In this project, we use the thermistor which will have lower resistance
with respect to the temperature (negative temperature coefficient thermistor). Thermistor has
large applications in consumer electronics, food preservation sectors etc.
LM741: LM741 is an operational amplifier which will work according to the difference in the input
voltages. LM741 has following features like high current driving, voltage gain, noise
amplification and also provide low output impedance. LM741 can also used as a short circuit
protection.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF FIRE ALARM CIRCUIT:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

CIRCUIT EXPLANATION:
There are two modes in this project:

Mode 1: How the circuit will work if there is no fire

Mode 2: How the circuit will work if there is fire.

INDEPTH STUDY OF MODES:

MODE 1:

When there is no fire: The thermistor will have high resistance and there will be no difference
in the voltages coming to the LM741 at pin2 and pin3 so there will be no output which will help
to trigger the timer.

MODE 2:

When Fire started: The thermistor resistance will go down to the heat produced by the fire and
the resistor R3. And thermistor will act as a potential divider circuit resulting a low voltage at
pin2 of LM741 as the temperature goes high. The reference voltage is given by the R4 to the
pin3 when there is a difference in the voltage. The pin6 will trigger the timer configured as a
stable multi vibrator. NE555 timer will activate the speaker which makes the alarm. The variable
resistor R5 will vary according to the difference in the voltage of the op amp. According to the
resistor R5, the timer will generate pulse. If temperature goes high, the speaker will make high
noise.

APPLICATION:

Fire alarms can be used in any place like parks, theatres , hotels, restaurants,
boats, ships, etc.

Fire alarms can be also used as temperature sensors in some applications, when
the temperature goes up abruptly it can inform.

Fire alarm can be used in our home for safety purpose and it is a very good
precautionary measure.

CONCLUSION:
As mentioned by the name whenever the device gets in contact with the hot surface
or detects any sort of fire to be precise any temperature difference , triggers the
speaker and the speaker start making sound , alarming the user about the fire so
that the proper action is taken against the fire on time. Hence the motive of the
device is fulfilled.