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User Guide
IES Virtual Environment
Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3
2 Analysis type and results file name ....................................................................................... 4
2.1
Analysis type .......................................................................................................................... 4
2.2
Results file (for both .htg and .clg files) ................................................................................. 5
3 Heating Loads ........................................................................................................................ 6
3.1
Interface for Heating Loads Calculation ................................................................................ 6
3.1.1 Heating Loads Calculation ................................................................................................. 6
3.1.2 Auxiliary ventilation air exchange ..................................................................................... 6
3.1.3 Natural ventilation air exchange ....................................................................................... 7
3.1.4 Include local and (when link ticked opposite) SunCast sky shielding ................................ 7
3.1.5 Include DHW? .................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.6 Time settings for profiles ................................................................................................... 7
3.1.7 Calculate ............................................................................................................................ 7
3.1.8 Save & exit ......................................................................................................................... 7
3.1.9 Close .................................................................................................................................. 7
4 Cooling Loads......................................................................................................................... 8
4.1
Interface for Cooling Loads Calculation................................................................................. 8
4.1.1 Cooling Loads Calculation .................................................................................................. 8
4.1.2 Auxiliary ventilation air exchange ..................................................................................... 8
4.1.3 Natural ventilation air exchange ....................................................................................... 9
4.1.4 SunCast Link? ..................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.5 Design Day (for profiles) .................................................................................................... 9
4.1.6 Calculation Period.............................................................................................................. 9
4.1.7 Save & exit ......................................................................................................................... 9
4.1.8 Calculate ............................................................................................................................ 9
4.1.9 Cancel ................................................................................................................................ 9
5 Simulation (Heat Balance Method) settings........................................................................ 10
5.1.1 Simulation Options .......................................................................................................... 10
5.1.2 Output Options ................................................................................................................ 10
5.1.3 Simulation time step........................................................................................................ 10
5.1.4 Preconditioning ............................................................................................................... 10
6 Autosizing settings............................................................................................................... 11
6.1
Interface for Autosizing settings.......................................................................................... 11
6.1.1 Re-zero autosized parameters ........................................................................................ 11
6.1.2 Undo last autosize ........................................................................................................... 11
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1 Introduction
ASHRAE Loads (also known as Apache Loads or ASHRAE Heat Balance Method) performs
heating and cooling load calculations according to the ASHRAE Heat Balance Method, as
described in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals.
Results from ASHRAE Loads are displayed by Vista.
For an account of calculation methods used in ASHRAE Loads see ASHRAE Heat Balance
Method Calculation Methods.
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3 Heating Loads
Heating Loads implements ASHRAE Heat Balance Method procedures for the calculation of
room heating requirements and the sizing of heating equipment.
Steady-state room heat losses are calculated in the absence of casual and solar heat gains. The
calculation optionally includes the effects of mechanical and natural ventilation air exchanges.
The time, day and month of the heating loads calculation can be chosen. Ensure that the time
chosen matches a heated period in the modelled building.
Results are presented (in the program Vista as tables or graphs of room or zone heat loss,
broken down by heat loss mechanism. Losses can be expressed on a floor area or room volume
basis. Room temperatures are also displayed. The data may be exported to other applications
such as spreadsheets and word processors.
For a description of the calculation methods used in ApacheLoads see ASHRAE Heat Balance
Method Calculation Methods.
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unless the profile is Off continuously or a formula profile (which is not supported by Heating
Loads), when it takes the value zero.
3.1.4 Include local and (when link ticked opposite) SunCast sky shielding
Tick this box if you wish the analysis to make allowance for the sky shielding effects of local
shades and shading objects analysed by SunCast. Under heating design conditions the sky
temperature will be below the ambient air temperature, and shielding surfaces from the sky
therefore has the effect of reducing heat loss.
3.1.7 Calculate
Click on this button to start the ASHRAE Loads Calculation.
3.1.9 Close
Click on this button to leave the ASHRAE Loads interface.
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4 Cooling Loads
Cooling Loads calculates room cooling loads and free-floating temperatures using the ASHRAE
Heat Balance Method.
The calculation is carried out for one design day in each of a user-selected range of months,
using weather data provided in APlocate. The calculation takes into account the timing and
nature of each gain, applying the appropriate radiant fraction to all sources of heat and cooling.
Inter-room dynamic conduction and ventilation heat transfer is accounted for. Glazing solar
transmission properties are treated using an analysis based on the Fresnel equations. At the
users option the effects of ventilation air exchanges and external solar shading, as calculated
by SunCast, may be incorporated.
Vista presents the Cooling Loads results in tabular or graphical form in a variety of formats.
Gains are broken down by heat transfer mechanism and by type (sensible or latent). Results
may be displayed by room, by zone or totalled over the building and peak loads are identified.
Various measures of room temperature are displayed, together with room relative humidity.
Data may be exported to other applications.
For a description of the calculation methods used in Cooling Loads see ApacheLoads Methods.
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4.1.8 Calculate
Click on this button to start the Heating and Cooling Loads calculations.
4.1.9 Cancel
Click on this button to leave the ASHRAE Loads interface.
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5.1.4 Preconditioning
A period of preconditioning is necessary to ensure that the building enters the simulation
period in a realistic thermal state. Preconditioning is necessary because of heat storage in the
building fabric. For lightweight buildings a preconditioning period of 10 days is sufficient. For
heavyweight buildings as much as 30 days or more may be needed. The appropriate period of
preconditioning may be established by increasing the number of preconditioning days until the
effect of further increments produces a negligible change in the first days simulation results.
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10
6 Autosizing settings
6.1 Interface for Autosizing settings
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11