Trends and Characteristics of

International
i
l Migration:
i
i
taking
ki Chinaas
hi
adestination
Dr. PANG Lihua
p g@p
pang@pku.edu.cn

Institute ofPopulation
p
Research
Peking University
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author and do not
necessarily
il reflect
fl
the
h views
i
or policies
li i off the
h Asian
A i D
Development
l
B
Bank
k IInstitute
i
(ADBI)
(ADBI),
the Asian Development Bank (ADB), its Board of Directors, or the governments they
represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and
accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not
necessarily
il be
b consistent
i t t with
ith ADB official
ffi i l tterms.

Outline
Background
g
Trends ofinternational migration in PRC
Students, Employee

Characteristics ofimmigrants
of immigrants in PRC
Age, Gender, Education, Spell and Location

Challengeand Suggestions to Policy

Trendsof International Migration

f
from
andto
d China
Chi

Migration
deficit

Source: United Nations database, POP/DB/MIG/Stock/Rev.2013

The Data is estimated by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division .
China is one of the 7 countries or areas having no data on the number of international migrants.
Above data is obtained by imputation.

Trends of foreign visitors in China 19782013

3000

60
50

2500
40
2000

30
20

1500

Number of inbound
1978: 0.23 million
1988: 1.84 million
1997: 7.43 million
2007: 26.11 million
2011: 27.11 million

10
1000

0
10

500
20
0
197
78
197
79
198
80
198
81
198
82
198
83
198
84
198
85
198
86
198
87
198
88
198
89
199
90
199
91
199
92
199
93
199
94
199
95
199
96
199
97
199
98
199
99
200
00
200
01
200
02
200
03
200
04
200
05
200
06
200
07
200
08
200
09
201
10
201
11
201
12
201
13

30

number10 thousand

Annual Increase Rate%

Source: Ministryy of Public Securityy

Annual Growth Rate

1978 2011 15.6%
1978-2011:
15 6%
1978-1988: 23.1%
1988-1997: 16.8%
1998 2007: 13.4%
1998-2007:
13 4%
2007-2011: 0.9%

Top 10Origen by purpose, 2013

Total

MEETINGS/ SIGHTSEEING
VISITING WORKER &
BUSINESS
/ LEISURE RELATIVES &
CREW
FRIENDS

OTHERS

KOREA

396.90

129.75

172.71

1.39

38.60

54.46

JAPAN

287.75

85.27

51.62

3.51

11.73

135.62

RUSSIA

218.63

65.61

108.85

0.14

26.90

17.14

USA
U.S.A

208 53
208.53

50 82
50.82

97 53
97.53

2 09
2.09

12 56
12.56

45 52
45.52

MALAYSIA

120.65

11.26

90.00

0.27

9.55

9.58

MONGOLIA

105.00

8.08

5.15

0.05

19.68

72.04

PHILIPPINES

99.67

2.85

22.2

0.11

62.27

12.24

SINGAPORE

96.66

18.68

32.13

3.86

6.26

35.73

AUSTRALIA

72.31

12.92

37.81

2.06

2.83

16.68

CANADA

68.42

8.99

37.74

2.33

3.07

16.29

Others include: Employment,

p y
, Study,
y, Back to Residence,, etc

Source: MPS

Foreign residents
Foreign residents are 493.1 thousand in 2009, only account for 2.2%
of visitors in 2009, The number is 538.9 thousand in 2007.

Foreign residents: with residence card and stay for 6 month and above.
above Source: MPS

Trends of international students 20002011

MPS
2007: 104.8th
2009: 91.7th

178638

MOE (Long)
2007 144.1th
2007:
144 1th
2009: 178.6th

Source:
MOE

Foreign employee with work permit

Source : MHRSS

Characteristics of Foreigners in China

2010 China population census
Foreign residents in Census 2010:foreign citizen has been stayed
in Mainland Chinafor3 month orintend to stay over 3 month
Only593.8
y
thousand foreigners
g
accounted in Census 2010.

AgeStructure of the foreigners

Education of the
f i
foreigners

Mainland China Citizen

Foreigners
Graduate

No school
primary

Junior High

Senior high

University

College

HMT citizen

Purpose
p
of migraiton
g

75 9
75.9

108 7
108.7

56.5
134.9

64.2

153.6

Time of Stayy in China

Where are the foreigners

g

Number of foreigners
g

Number of Foreigners per 1000

Chinese

Challenges and Suggestions toPolicy

Exit and Entry Policy for Foreigners
Make it more convenient forforeigners

Policy
P li onPermanent
P
t Residence
R id

Tolowerthethreshold to get agreen card

Policy onSocialSecurity
on Social Security of Foreigners
Equityto access to social securityas Chinese resident

Policy onWork
on Work Permit

Offer more work permit, and attract international students

work in China after graduated

Set upthe
h immigration department off PRC?

Thanks !