Integrated Pest Management in Watermelon

Integrated Pest
Management in
Watermelon
Presented by:
Muhammad Asif
Pu. Pak
Muhammad Asif Pakistan
Integrated Pest
Management in
Watermelon
Watermelon Pests
Insects &
Mites
Weeds
Diseases
Nematodes
Common Insect
Pests
Aphids
Rindworms
Cutworms
Sweetpotato
whitefly
Aphids & Whiteflies

Downward curling & crumpling
of leaves (aphids)
Honeydew excreted by both
insects attracts sooty molds
Both are efficient vectors of
plant viruses
Cutworms & Rindworms

Cutworms: reduce young watermelon
stands
May feed on leaves of young
seedlings
Rindworms: general term for worms
that feed on rind (fall
armyworms, corn earworm, cutwroms
and loopers
Foliage & stem damage
Eat away irregular patterns of
the rind
Occasional Insect Pests

Cucumber beetle
Mites
Mole crickets
Wireworms
White-fringed beetle
Leafminers
Thrips
Occasional Insect Pests

Root maggots
Flea beetles
& fleahoppers
Leafhoppers
Plant bugs
Grasshoppers
Melonworms &
pickleworms
Insect Damage
Foliar damage (holes)
Stem damage
Root damage (wilting, stunting
& death of plant)
Fruit damage
Drying up of leaves (sucking
insects)
Leaf spots, mottling or
discoloration
Insect & Mite Management

Important Practices:
Sampling
Establish ETL
Recognize & identify
beneficials
Aphid Control
Biocontrol
lady beetles, syphrid fly
larvae,lacewings & tiny wasps
cultural control
reflective plastic mulch
Stylet oil sprays (interferes
with virus transmission)
Sweetpotato Whitefly
Control
Monitoring use of traps
Cultural control
planting location & sanitation
Weed control
control alternate hosts
Chemical control
alternate different classes of
insecticides
Cutworm & Rindworm

Control
Mechanical control
(cutworm):
thorough soil prep
Chemical control(cutworm):
broadcast application of approved
insecticides before planting
Chemical control(rindworm):
spray before worms > 1/2 in
length, spray all of exposed
fruit
Control of Other
Insect Pests
Chemical control
insecticide sprays for flea
beetles, leafminers, mites,
mole crickets,wireworms,
fleahoppers,leafhoppers,
plant bugs,grasshoppers, melon
worms and pickleworms
Control of Other
Insect Pests
Cultural control
avoidance (white-fringed
beetles), plowing & deep
turning of crop litter before
planting (root maggots),
overhead irrigation (mites)
Insect & Mite Management

Cultural Practices
Reflective mulch
Planting location/timing
Sanitation
Weed control
Overhead irrigation
Plowing & turning in crop
debris
Diseases
Reduce crop yield & quality
Poor disease control due to
delayed accurate diagnosis &
delayed implementation of
control measures
Disease control consists of a
sequence of properly timed
control measures (cultural,
mechanical & chemical)
Root & Stem

Diseases
Gummy stem blight

Anthracnose
Damping-off
Fusarium rot
Fusarium wilt
Root & Stem

Disease Management
Gummy stem blight postharvest plowdown of debris, crop rotation,
fungicidal sprays, use fungicide
treated seeds
Anthracnose resistant varieties,
fungicidal sprays, clean
seeds,sanitation
Fusarium wilt resistant var.,healthy
transplants,crop rotation, soil
fumigation, delayed
thinning
Foliar Diseases
Anthracnose
Cercospora
leaf
spot
Downy mildew
Other Foliar
Diseases
Alternaria leaf spot
Bacterial leaf spot
Watermelon mosaic
Foliar Disease Management

Cercospora leaf spot sanitation
(removal of crop debris,
diseased vines & weed hosts),
crop rotation, fungicide
sprays
Downy mildew fungicide
application, resistant var.,
avoid irrigation, reduce
canopy density

Alternaria leaf spot
protectant fungicides
Bacterial leaf spot
avoid overhead irrigation,
sanitation, protective sprays
(copper sprays)

Watermelon mosaic
stylet oil application to
interfere with virus
transmission & insecticides to
control aphid (vector)population
Fruit Diseases
Anthracnose
Bacterial rind
Bacterial fruit
necrosis
blotch
Other Fruit Diseases

Bacterial leaf spot
Blossom-end rot
Speckle
Watermelon mosaic
Fruit Disease Management

Bacterial fruit blotch
plowing infested soil,
elimination of inoculum
sources, field rotated out for
3 years or more, copper
sprays (Kocide DF Kocide 2000),
use of high quality transplants

Anthracnose
resistant varieties,
fungicides, use clean seeds
Bacterial rind necrosis

use less susceptible cultivars

Blossom end-rot
soil testing & liming,
irrigation during fruit
development (preventive),
foliar Calcium application
(curative)
Disease Management
Cultural Practices
Sanitation
Healthy transplants
Resistant varieties
Crop rotation
Weed/Insect vector control
Liming & irrigation
Disease Management
Chemical Control
Fungicide sprays
Soil fumigation
Fungicide seed treatment
Weeds
Compete with the crop for
nutrients, sunlight, water
and space
Serve as alternate hosts of
nematodes, viruses and insect
pests
Weed Management
Cultural, Mechanical &
Chemical Control
Polyethylene mulch
Cultivation
Soil fumigant
Hoeing & disking
Herbicides
Economically Important
Nematodes
Root-knot nematodes
(Meloidogyne spp.)
Sting nematode
(Belonolaimus longicaudatus)
Reniform nematode
(Rotylenchus sp.)
Nematode Damage
Root galls interfere with normal
water & nutrient uptake
Reduced size of root system
limits availability of water &
nutrients
Aboveground damage: stunting,
wilting & chlorosis
Roots attacked by nematodes are
predisposed to secondary invasion
by root rotting plant pathogens
Nematode Management
Cultural Practices
Planting location
Resistant varieties
Crop rotation
Land preparation
Use of clean &
healthy transplants
Nematode Management
Chemical Control
Fumigants
Non-fumigants
Chemigation
A Growers Pest
Management Tactics:
Insect control: chemical
insecticides
Weed control: mechanical
control (cultivation)
Disease control: resistant
varieties & chemical
fungicides, removal &
destruction of diseased
seedlings
What Growers Do in the

Field
Scout for presence of insects
and diseases (major pest
problem)
Watch the weather and spray
accordingly (follow
recommendations)
Some spray protective
fungicides even when weather
is dry (for insurance)
What Growers Do in the

Field..
May spray 1 or 2x a season
for aphid control, some
never spray because insect
problem is minor
Follow recommendations for
tillage & crop rotation
Plant in soils without RKN
problems
What Growers do in the Field

Fusarium Wilt control: crop
rotation, use of resistant
varieties, scouting for
diseased transplants and
removal of infected
transplants
Gummy stem blight & Downy
mildew control: fungicide
sprays based on
weather(likelihood of disease
occurrence) or presence of
spots
References
Zitter, A.T., D.L. Hopkins, and
C.E. Thomas (eds.). 1996.
Compendium of Cucurbits Diseases.
APS Press.
Maynard, D. N. (ed.). 1992.
Watermelon Production Guide for
Florida. Florida Cooperative
Extension Service & IFAS
Mr. Melvin Poole (Gainesville
watermelon grower)
Mr. Gerry Brinen (County Extension
Office)

Integrated Pest Management in Watermelon

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Integrated Pest

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Aphids & Whiteflies

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Cutworms & Rindworms

Occasional Insect Pests

Occasional Insect Pests

Insect & Mite Management

Cutworm & Rindworm

thorough soil prep

Insect & Mite Management

Root & Stem

Gummy stem blight

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Root & Stem

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Foliar Disease Management

Foliar Disease Management

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Foliar Disease Management

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Other Fruit Diseases

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Fruit Disease Management

Fruit Disease Management

Bacterial rind necrosis

Fruit Disease Management

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

Muhammad Asif Pakistan

What Growers Do in the

What Growers Do in the

What Growers do in the Field

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