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2. Discussthe14generalprinciplesofmanagementgivenbyFayol.Which
principledoyouthinkisthemostimportant?
Answer:

FayolsPrinciplesofManagement
1.

Divisionofwork : Thisprinciplesaysthatworkshouldbedividedintodifferentpartsand
eachpartshouldbeentrustedtothemostsuitablepersontodoit.Hebelievedthatthis
resultinspecializationanditwillinturnincreasestheefficiencyofworkers.Accordingto
him,morethespecializationthegreaterwillbetheefficiency

2.

AuthorityandResponsibility : Authorityistherightofasuperiortogiveordersto
subordinates,takedecisionsetc.Responsibility,ontheotherhand,referstothe
obligationtoaccomplishobjectivesorthedutyheisexpectedtoperformbyvirtueofhis
position.Authorityandresponsibilityshouldgotogether.Acceptanceofauthoritymeans
acceptanceofresponsibilitytoperformajob

3.

Discipline: Hebelievesdisciplineisabsoluteessentialfortheworkersrunningof
business.Disciplineisessentialnotonlyattheworkerslevelbutalsoitrequiresatthe
managementlevel.Gooddisciplineistheresultofeffectiveleadershipandgood
relationshipbetweenmanagementandworkersregardingtherulesandregulationsof
organization.

4.

UnityofCommand

5.

UnityofDirection : Accordingtothisprinciplethereshouldalwaysexistoneheadand
oneplanforagroupofactivitieshavingthesameobjective.Themembersofan
organizationshouldworktogethertoaccomplishcommongoals.Thisprincipleensuresa
coordinateactionintheorganization.

6.

Subordinationofindividualintereststogroupinterests
: Importanceshouldbegiven
totheinterestoftheorganization.Thereshouldnotbeaconflictbetweentheinterestof
thebusinessmenandtheinterestoftheworkers.Whenthereisaconflictbetweenthese
two,theinterestoftheorganizationshouldprevailandthepersonalinterestshouldbe
ignoredorsacrificed.

7.

Remuneration
employer.

8.

Centralization and decentralization : Fayolsaysindividualcircumstanceswilldetermine


thedegreetowhichauthorityisconcentratedordispersed.

9.

ScalarChain : Fayolbelievedthat"chainofsuperiors"fromhighesttolowestranks
shouldnotbedepartedfromneedlesslybutcanbeshortcircuitedwhentheneedbe.

Singlesuperiorshouldgiveorders.

Mustbefairgivingmaximumpossiblesatisfactiontoemployeesand

10. Order: "Aplaceforeverythingandeveryone"


11. Equity: Loyaltycanbeelicitedfrompersonnelbycombinationofkindlinessandjustice.

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12. StabilityofTenureandpersonnel:

Unnecessaryturnovercanhavehighdangerand

costs.
13. Initiative: Managersmustsacrificepersonalvanitytopermitsubordinatestoexercise
initiative.
14. Espiritdecorps : Thisprincipleisbasedonoldsayingunionisstrength.Theentire
organizationshouldbetreatedasoneunit.Thereisnoprovisionfordisintegration.The
successandefficiencyofanorganizationdependsonteamspirit.Harmonyandunion
amongthepersonnelconstitutethegreatstrengthofaconcern.Themottodivideand
ruleshouldbediscouraged.Ifthereisanymisunderstandingcausedthroughpoor
communications,managementshouldtaketimelyactiontoavoidit.Mangersmusttake
stepstodevelopasenseofbelongingamongsttheemployees.Ifthereisateamspirit,

everybodycooperatesandworkhardforachievingorganizationalgoals.
Accordingtome,Espiritdecorpsisthemostimportantprincipleasentireorganizationshould
betreatedasoneunit.

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