Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
SRAT N KENYA
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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Supply sources:
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generator terminals
- inverse time limitation of maximum stator
current in the lag
- limitation of running in lead according to P;
- correction of U/f in no load running;
- operating at Q=0 (usually used at the
normal stop of the generator);
- IEX (exciter excitation current) regulator
- limitation of minimum excitation current
- limitation of maximum excitation current
- limitation of maximum voltage at the
generator terminals
a. Supply from the transformer connected to
the terminals of the generator stator.
b. Supply from internal power plant services
Enables the start-up of the generator without
the presence of the excitation power supply
voltage.
When the speed of the generator is higher
than 90% from nN and there is an excitation
start-up command, the contactor KA shall be
switched on by PLC, the voltage of 110V d.c.
of the battery shall be applied on the field
winding and after the voltage at the generator
terminals reaches 0.5 from UNG (within a
maximum admitted adjustable time from
O.P.), KA shall be automatically switched off
and the excitation on:
- In the MANUAL working mode the
excitation current increase up to Imin exc.
adjustable from O.P.
- In the AUTOMATIC working mode the
excitation current increase up to Istratup
adjustable from O.P.,
Attention!!! - In this working mode the
excitation protections are set into operation
after reaching the voltage of 0.5*UNG (those
related to the presence of the power voltage
in the rectifier).
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b. Supply from the internal power Enables the operating of the equipment with
plant services
the power supply regardless of the on or off
status of the group. The operating mode is
identical to the field flash one, only that KA
is no longer connected on start-up and the
protections are continuously operating.
Field discharging:
- at the normal stop or from generator
protections (without faults in excitation) with
inverter followed by discharge on the linear
resistor of the value 2 6 times the rotor
resistance by static breaker;
- at faults in excitation by discharge on a
linear resistor of the value 2 6 times the
rotor resistance with static breaker.
Working modes on BACKUP MANUAL
excitation:
The MANUAL working mode (field - IEX (exciter excitation current) regulator
current regulator) comprises:
Supply sources:
Supply from internal power plant services Enables the operating of the equipment with
the power supply regardless of the on or off
status of the group.
Field discharging:
- by discharge on a linear resistor of the value
2 6 times the rotor resistance with static
breaker.
Switching from MAIN to BACKUP With the excitation system and generator
excitation and reverse
stopped
Cooling down
Natural
1.3 Constructive description
The static excitation equipment has the sizes: 700 x 600 x 2200 mm.
It is made as a cabinet with front-back doors.
The protection degree of the cabinet is IP54.
The cabinet is divided into 2 compartments.
The front side of the cabinet comprises:
- PLC of the Allen Bradley type with numeric regulator
- power sources with + 24V d.c. output
- interface relays with PLC, transformers for the adjustment of voltages and currents;
- switch breakers, clip row
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- firing pulses boards DCGN (formation and enhancement of impulses) for the MAIN
and BACKUP excitation
- electronic circuit - BASCRN (adaptation block, sensing, conversion for numeric
adjustment) for the MAIN excitation
- analogical regulator (PRGL) for the BACKUP excitation
The rear side of the cabinet comprises:
- excitation transformer;
- field discharge resistors, ballasting resistor, field flash limitation resistor;
- 2 thyristor bridges (MAIN and BACKUP excitation), static breaker for field
discharge, SBR separator (MAIN and BACKUP excitation selection), SAL separator
(supply from the transformer connected to the terminals of the generator stator/ AC
service supply);
- field flash circuit composed of contactor and rectifier diode.
On the cabinet door are assembled the following:
- Allen Bradley operating panel (O.P.) View panel made up of an alpha-numeric
display device, buttons with figures and functions for the communication with the PLC,
hereinafter called O.P.;
- voltmeter to check the static breakers;
- ammeter and voltmeter for the concerned excitation current and voltage;
- REMOTE/LOCAL CONTROL selection key and potentiometer for the LOCAL set
point control of the BACKUP excitation.
- relay to monitor the temperature of the excitation transformer.
1.4 Description of the electric circuits
1.4.1 Electric power circuit
The power circuit is made of two fully controlled thyristor bridges placed above
the excitation transformer supplied from the internal power plant services. The
protection of the thyristors at over-current is made of high speed fuses. The protection
at overvoltage due to the supply network and the switching of the thyristors is
performed through the individual RC group mounted on the electronic board U9.
The AVR rectifier may be supplied from the transformer connected to the
terminals of the generator stator or from the transformer mounted in the equipment
cabinet, through a cam switch (SAL).
The BACKUP excitation rectifier is supplied from the transformer mounted in
the cabinet of the equipment.
The outputs of the rectifiers are linked to a cam switch (SBR).
The field discharge of the excitation winding is performed by the static breakers
V7, V8 series with field discharge resistor. The static breakers V7, V8 also ensure the
protection to rotor overvoltage higher than 1000V.
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The field-flash circuit is made of the KA relay, the VA diode and the limitation
resistance RLA series connected with the field discharge resistor RD.
1.4.2 Adjustment and control circuits
The adjustment and control circuits are divided according to the functional criterion
into:
- supply circuits
- measure circuits
- regulator circuits
- thyristor firing pulses circuits
- protection circuits
- monitoring and parameter setting devices
- SUPPLY CIRCUITS
The supply of the PLC U6 and of the control electronics is performed with the
stabilized voltage of: +24V noted in the scheme B2 (+24V) and B1 (0V).
This voltage is obtained from 220V a.c. - internal services/power supply
(voltage supplies U1, U2) and from the 110V d.c. - battery (voltage supply U3).
Switch mode power supplies U1, U2, U3 are parallel connected, decoupled by
diodes and form the bars B2 (+24V), B1(0V); the pulse transformers supply voltage is
taken from B2 through the diodes V12.1 and V12.2.
- MAIN EXCITATION MEASUREMENT CIRCUITS
In order to obtain the feedback measurements of UG, IG, USIST, Q, P, f, IE, UE,
UEG, the equipment receives from the generator the following signals:
- 3x110V a.c. measure of UG in clips X-8 phase R, X-9 phase S, X-10 phase T.
- 3x110V a.c. measure of Ugrid in clips X-12 phase R, X-13 phase S, X-14 phase T
- 1A a.c. measure of IG in clips X-1 phase R, X-2 phase T, X-4,5 NULL, by supply with
diagram in V.
- measure of the excitation current from the current transformers T6, T7 - 75A/0.15A
mounted on the alternative current circuit of the rectifiers (phase R and phase T) in
diagram V.
- 40V d.c. - MERILA/ 31Vdc - MARAGUA measure of UE from the d.c. power circuit
of the excitation.
The measure circuits from the U5 block (BASCRN) comprise:
The measure circuit UG (voltage at the generator terminals)
- consists of adjustment transformers T1, T3 and rectifying bridges D5, D6;
- the block supplies a feedback signal 3.6V in pin 2, U3 for the generator rated voltage;
- the level of the feedback is established by resistor R26;
The supervision of the feedback voltage is established by means of the circuits U1A,
U1B, U1C and U3. On the voltage decrease on one of the generator phases below
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0.2...0.4 from UN (adjustable from D16...D18), the board shall send a signal to PLC by
the saturation of transistor Q34, a signal that shall automatically switch the regulator
from automatic to manual. This will happen only if the excitation current exceeded the
value of 0.5 from the current of no load running (adjustable from R29).
Measure circuit IG (generator stator current);
- consists of: the bridges D10, D11, resistors R39, R40;
- the level of the current feedback may be modified from P2;
- the level of the current feedback is of 2.25V/X3-5 for the generator stator rated
current;
Measure circuit Q (reactive power):
- the formula is used:
Q = Ugen x Igen x sin
The measure of is made with D21...D30, U2A, U2C and U3.
Measure circuit P (active power):
- the measure is made of using the formula:
P = Ugen x Igen x cos
Measure circuit f (voltage frequency at the generator terminals);
- consists of: the bridges D21...D24, integrated circuits U2A, U3
Measure circuit IE (total excitation current)
- consists of: the bridges D8, D9, resistors R33, R34
- the level of the feedback may be modified from the potentiometer P1;
- the level of the excitation current feedback is of -2.25V/X3-3 for the rated excitation
current;
All measure circuits, i.e. Ugen, Iex, Istator, f, are transmitted to PLC in numeric
form through the processor U3.
This processor has inscribed a program that reads the converter AN0 (Ugenerator),
converter AN1 (Iex), converter AN3 (Istator or Ugrid), computes f according to the
impulses from RB0 or according to the impulses from RB0 and RB4.
The read or computed measures are transmitted according to the requests of the
PLC, as follows: on the first 2 bits the transmitted measure, on the following bits is set
1 to transmit the first 5 bits of the measure to be transmitted (the most significant ones)
or 0 to transmit the last 5 bits of the measure to be transmitted.
Remark: for , the first two most significant bits represent the sign, i.e. 11 for
lag, 00 for lead.
The changing of the significant bits with the transmission of less significant bits
is performed automatically at 0.5 ms from the transmission of the significant bits.
All input measures are sampled on 10 bits (less that is on 8 bits), thus a
precision of 1/1000.
The transmission is performed continuously, Ugen, Iex are read from 4 in 4 ms,
Istator , f and are read from 16 in 16 ms. Thus a succession of reading is presented as
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follows: Iex, Ugen, Iex, Ugen, Iex, Ugen, I ex, Ugen, Istator (or Ugrid), Iex, Ugen , , Iex, Ugen, Iex,
Ugen, a.s.o.
The forcing blocking circuit is made of solid-state circuit U2D. R75 is chosen so
that the voltage in pin 10 (Ugenerator) should be higher by 10% versus the voltage
from pin 11 (Ugrid) of U2D in the conditions in which the generator voltage and the
system voltage are rated values.
In case of a sudden short-circuit at the generator terminals, the voltage in pin 10
will drop far more than the system voltage (due to the reactance of the block
transformer) and the comparator U2D will oscillate from 0 in +5 V, the signal will be
processed by PLC.
The voltage equalization circuit is made inside the software inscribed in U3.
U3 compares the generator voltage (AN0) the system voltage (AN3) a voltage
that is applied in AN3 only in open circuit through the relay K2 from the cabinet. At the
parallel operation on AN3 is applied the stator current.
If the generator voltage is higher than 0.9 V ( UNGen) and the system voltage is
higher than 2.5 V (0,7UNsist) then on the outputs 2RC3 or 2RC5 shall be given the order
to increase or decrease the reference to PLC according to the result of the comparison
by the software of AN0 with AN3.
When AN0 = AN3 1% 2, RC4 is 1 and gives the signal to PLC to allow closing I.O.
Measure circuit UE
The circuit for the measurement of the excitation voltage comprises the
electronic voltage adjustment board PACTC (U12) that reduces the excitation voltage
from 110V d.c. to 10V d.c. and transmits it to the voltage/current transducers U13, and
U14. U13 transmits the excitation voltage measure to the analogical input module U6.6
of the PLC; U14 transmits the excitation voltage measure outside to a hierarchically
superior system.
- BACKUP EXCITATION MEASURE CIRCUITS
In order to obtain the feedback of IE, the equipment receives:
- measure of the excitation current from the current transformers T6R, T7R 75A/0.15A mounted on the alternative current circuit of the rectifiers (phase R and
phase T) in the diagram in V.
- MAIN EXCITATION REGULATORS CIRCUITS
The regulators that can be selected to function are cos, Isin, AVR or IEX (field
current regulator.
Circuits to form the set point value
The choice of the cos, Isin, AVR or IEX regulation working mode is
performed remotely or locally depending on the position of the selection key on the
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equipment door. If it is selected the REMOTE CONTROL, the working modes can
from the control rooms through the relays KI5 for the cos working mode, KI6 for the
IEX working mode or KI8 for Isin working mode. If it is selected LOCAL
CONTROL, the working modes can from the operating panel through the key buttons
F8 for the cos working mode, F9 for Isin working mode, F7 for AVR working mode,
or F3 for the IEX working mode.
The value set point in every working mode is formed by the PLC. In theory it is
formed, as follows: in PLC there is a numeric register that represents the value set point
for the regulators from PLC. This may be set from O.P. between certain variations
limits.
The orders INCREASE, DECREASE are given from the control room through
the relays KI9, KI10 if REMOTE CONTROL is selected or from the operating panel
through the key buttons F6, F10, that modify according to the chosen working mode the
set-point register. The variation speed of the set points from minimum to maximum
may be set from the operating panel in the series 1030 sec. (parameter of Set point
Variation Time).
Regulation and limitation circuits in AVR, cos
, Isin
working mode
These circuits are built inside the PLC.
- AVR (generator voltage regulator) type PI with U/t forcing function
- cos regulator
- Isin regulator
- limitation of maximum stator current - The limitation occurs when the generator is
connected to the system and it is in lag working mode, as follows: when the stator
current exceeds the value K2xISN (K2 = 0.8....1.5 adjustable from O.P.), PLC starts to
compute the diagram (I2t) of the generator and after exceeding the time from the
diagram, the PLC modifies the regulator output, so that the stator current should drop
below the value of K2xISN for TLFS/IN (1...999 sec parameter adjustable from O.P.).
Also on the operating panel may be set the time for which the generator may debit the
double of the rated stator current (T = 0.1......9.9 sec)
- limitation for maximum excitation current - When the excitation current is more
than the 1.15 * Isn value, PLC begins to compute the diagram (I2*t) of exciter field and
when the time is more than the diagrams time the PLC modifies excitation current
setpoint so the excitation current becomes IEXN. The IEXN is maintained a period of time
called TLFex/IN (1...30 min - adjustable parameter from O.P.).
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- limitation of running in lead - the limitation occurs when the generator is connected
to the system and it is in lead working mode on the AVR regulator, as follows: The
maximum reactive power allowed for running in lead shall be computed according to
the active power with the following formula:
QM - Qm
Q* = QM - P x -------------- ,
Pn
where: Qm = values of running in lead at the active rated power; QM = values of running
in lead at the active power = 0 adjustable from O.P.
If the reactive power exceeds the value Q*, PLC modifies the regulator outputs,
so that the reactive should not exceed the value Q*.
- U/f correction - the limitation occurs in case the generator is running no load and the
generator voltage is higher than 20% from the rated value, as follows: When the
generator frequency drops below the value of Kfx50Hz (Kf = 0.5......0.9 adjustable
from PLC), the AVR output is modified, so that the relation UG/f should be constant
versus UGN/fN.
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- RD temperature >80C; (there is a high current on RD due to the fact that the pulses
on the thyristors are not blocked or the thermal contact is in fault)
- Absence of one synch phase; (the absence of 1 synchronization phase is assessed on
both firing pulses channels)
- Absence of two synch phases or frequency over limits; (the absence of 2 or more
synchronization phases or frequency outside the limits 25Hz-100Hz on both firing
pulses channels)
- Fault of thyristor firing pulses (a fault of the thyristor firing way, is assessed on
both firing pulses channels)
- Absence 1 synch phase on PG1, fault on PG2;
- Absence 2 synch phases or frequency on PG1, fault on PG2;
- Fault of thyristor firing pulses on PG1, fault on PG2;
- Absence 1 synch phase on PG2, fault on PG1;
- Absence 2 synch phases or frequency on PG2, fault on PG1;
- Fault of thyristor firing pulses on PG2, fault on PG1;
- Overtemperature of excitation transformer; (the second stage of the temperature
protection occured - if this protection is selected to be internal fault)
- Exceeding of fieldflash time (the generator voltage has not reached the value
0.5*Ugnom during the field flash time set on O.P.)
- Repetitive switch of firing channels (in 15 sec. were switched the firing pulses
channels from one to another for more than 5 times, loose links on both firing pulses
channels)
- PIC communication fault (fault on the conversion or the transmitting way for the
measures on the U5/U6- the excitation current signal, the generator voltage signal, etc)
- Maximum generator voltage exceeded (Ugen > threshold / t(s))
- Excitation current over limit (Iex > threshold / t(s))
- Loss of excitation current (Iex < threshold / t(s))
- Fault of rotating diodes; (when the electronic circuit from the U5 board detects fault
of the rotating diodes - open circuited or short circuited - if this input signal is set as
fault
Warnings:
- Commands switch breaker disconnected (Q2 disconnected)
- Incorrect working mode selection (the orders Isin cos AVR MANUAL are in
the same time)
- Firing pulses fault on PG1 (fault of the triggering way for the thyristors on channel 1
board DCGN; it switched onto firing pulses channel 1 and immediately a firing pulses
fault was assessed on channel 1 )
- Absence 2 synch phases or freq. overlimit on PG1 (an high speed fuse on the
thyristors burnt out or a fuse from the channel 1 DCGN board or the frequency
exceeded the limits 25-100Hz)
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- Absence 1 synch phase on PG1 (an high speed fuse on the thyristors burnt out or a
fuse from the channel 1 board DCGN)
- Firing pulses fault on PG2 (fault of the triggering way for the thyristors on channel 2
board DCGN; it switched onto firing pulses channel 2 and immediately a firing pulses
fault was assessed on channel 2)
- Absence 2 synch phases or freq. overlimit on PG2 (an high speed fuse on the
thyristors burnt out or a fuse from the channel 2 board DCGN or the frequency
exceeded the limits 25-100Hz)
- Absence 1 synch phase on PG2 (it switched onto firing pulses channel 2 and
immediately was assessed the absence of phase S or T; an high speed fuse on the
thyristors burnt out or a fuse from the channel 2 board DCGN)
When the alarms 3, 4, 5 or 6, 7, 8 occur on the active firing pulses channel the firing
pulses channel will be automatically switch the backup one (from one DCGN pcb to the
other pcb DCGN).
- Fault of rotating diodes (when the electronic circuit from the U5 board detects fault
of the rotating diodes - open circuited or short circuited)
- Generator feedback voltage is missing (if the voltage feedback for voltage regulator
or frequency measuring is missing)
- Generator feedback current is missing (if the current feedback is missing)
When alarms 10 and 11 occur the excitation system will be switched automatically to
the manual mode.
- 90 < PHY < 270 alarm (the PHY angle is outside measure limits)
- Rotor earth fault (the exciter field winding has an earth fault - if this protection is
selected to be an alarm )
External conditions
With excitation stopped - if any of the external conditions occurs the excitation system
will not start :
- Incorrect generator circuit breaker position; (the position of the generator circuit
breaker position is closed)
- Presence of stopping command; (the command to stop the excitation system is
present more than 3 seconds)
- Presence of tripping order by generator protections; (the excitation system was
stopped from generator protections or the stop command from generator protections is
present)
- Overtemperature of excitation transformer; (the second stage of the temperature
protection occurred - if this protection is selected to be external condition)
With excitation started:
- Rotor earth fault (the exciter field winding has an earth fault - if this protection is
selected to be external condition )
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- If the supply is selected from the generator stator, after the occurrence of the start-up
order, the excitation winding is supplied with direct current from the power plant
battery by closing relay KA until the generator voltage exceeds the value 0,5*Ugnom.
When the generator voltage exceeded this value, the field flash breaker is de-energized.
The excitation starts with a start-up set point (Start-up manual) different from 0, so that
the field current should generate minimum 0,5*Ugnom. Then according to the initially
chosen regulation working mode (IEX or AVR), the equipment remains at the initial
current value (in IEX working mode) or it shall increase the excitation current until a
set point AVR start-up and then it switches to the AVR working mode and the voltage
of the generator is equalized with the one of the system in view of synchronization.
- If the supply is selected from the internal services of the power plant, after the
occurrence of the start-up order, the set point of the excitation current shall have the
value set in the operating panel: according to the initially chosen regulation working
mode (IEX or AVR), the equipment is excited at the start-up value set as a reference
from the operating board, respectively IEX start-up (adjustable between 0 and 50%In)
in IEX working mode or it shall increase the excitation current until a set point AVR
start-up, and then it switches on to the AVR working mode.
In the IEX working mode, the excitation system will control the field current of
the exciter. The current set point may vary between the values of minimum and
maximum current at no load running set in the operating panel.
In AVR working mode, excitation system will control the generator voltage. The
voltage set point may vary between the values of minimum and maximum voltage at no
load running set in the operating panel.
The variation time of the excitation current set point on start-up is established
according to the incremental quantum.
The variation time of the set points from the minimum to the maxim value is
established in seconds from the operating panel.
By the PLC program until the connection of the generator to the system is activated the
forcing limitation".
If the absence of the generator voltage measure is detected, it switches on the IEX
working mode and it shall not be allowed to switch on to the AVR working mode.
If the AVR working mode is selected and the frequency decreases below an adjustable
value in parameters, the voltage set point is modified, so as to keep constant the U/f
relation.
In the IEX working mode, after closing the generator switch, the operator varies
the current set point in order to load with reactive power the generator.
In AVR working mode, after closing the generator switch takes place an
automatic charging with reactive power until an adjustable value (the power factor is
set) and then the equipment remains in the wanted working mode (voltage regulator or
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reactive power regulator or power factor regulator) and the operator may establish the
operating point.
The set point varies between the minimum and maximum limits at parallel
running set in the operating panel.
In AVR working mode are also active the following functions:
The operating in lead working mode is limited according to a linear characteristic
P=f(Q) ( subroutine SMQC).
If the stator current exceeds an overload value set in OP, the operating time at the
measured current shall be limited according to a thermal characteristic I2t (subroutine
SCMS)
If the excitation current exceeds the value 1.15 In, the operating time at the
measured current shall be limited according to the thermal characteristic I2t (subroutine
SLF).
In cos and Isin working modes is active only the SCMS subroutine.
The resuming of the no load running is performed by tripping on the generator switch
breaker. According to the actual operating working mode shall take place the
following:
Irrespective of the operating working mode, unless activated the function of
resuming zero at the set points, the current set points and the voltages are brought to the
actual value at the moment of connecting the generator to the network on IEX or AVR
working modes.
If the function of the set points of resuming zero is activated in the IEX working
mode, the excitation current set point will drop to the minimum set point in the
MANUAL working mode.
If the function of resuming zero at the set points is activated (see the program
PLC - STZ) in AVR working mode, the set point of the excitation current will decrease
from the minimum set point in the IEX working mode to a time interval adjustable in
OP and then shall be resumed the start-up process in AVR working mode.
The equipment normally operates on firing pulses channel 1. At the absence of R
or S, T for more than 3 sec or a "firing pulses fault GI 1", the equipment starts/switches
to firing pulses channel 2 if this is operational.
STOPPING
The stopping of the excitation equipment is performed in 3 ways:
- normal stop (at external order excitation of relay KI3 or key button F4)
- generator protection (at the external order - excitation KI4)
In AVR with the generator connected to the system, after receiving the stopping order,
the reactive power is brought to Q<5%.
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After confirming that I.O. is disconnected, PLC orders the sending of the firing pulses
angles into the inverter for approximately 3 sec, after which the connection of the static
breaker and the blocking of the impulses on the thyristors from the bridge is ordered.
- stopping of the excitation equipment by fault
On stopping from faults after confirming that I.O. is disconnected, the pulses are
blocked and the static breaker is ordered directly.
NOTE: The equipment can restart only after 10 sec from the last stop.
b. BACKUP EXCITATION SELECTED
START-UP
From the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch it can be chosen the way that the
excitation will be controlled: remotely from UCB or locally from the Operating Panel;
REMOTE CONTROL selected orders from UCB:
The equipment starts on receiving the order start (excitation of relay KIR-2 permanent)
if:
- there are no faults in the excitation equipment
- there is speed signal > 90% (excitation of relay KIR-11 permanent);
The current set point is varied from the PLC by using the orders increase and decrease
from UCB.
LOCAL CONTROL selected:
The potentiometer must turned on the 0(minimum) position.
The equipment starts on receiving the signal speed > 90% (excitation of relay KIR-11
permanent) if:
- there are no faults in the excitation equipment;
The current set point is varied using the potentiometer from the equipment door.
Changing the position of the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch on the BACKUP
excitation the fault output will be enabled.
STOPPING
The order of intentionally stopping (the excitation of relay KIR-3) or the stopping order
from the generator protections (the excitation of relay KIR-4) is stopping the excitation
only after opening the generator circuit breaker. The pulses are blocked and the static
breaker is controlled. The order of intentionally stopping cannot be performed on the
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LOCAL CONTROL. A stop signal can be forced, meaningly changing the position of
the REMOTE/ LOCAL selector switch.
If the control is remote, the set-point decreases to 0 after the generator circuit
breaker trips.
If the control is local, the operator must turn manually the potentiometer to zero.
A backup excitation fault enables the fault output and the stopping order from the
generator protections will stop the excitation system.
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- The presence of the pulses on the thyristors is checked, as well as their correct
synchronization, as follows:
With an oscilloscope are viewed the wave forms between the cathode-gate at each
thyristor, connecting the hot terminal of the oscilloscope to the gate of the thyristor.
They should have the shape:
Remarks
1. The phase shall be oscillographed by using a separation transformer connected
between the concerned phase and null.
2. The oscilloscope shall be connected as follows:
- probe 1 + is connected to the polarized terminal of the separation transformer on
the secondary part;
- probe 2+ is put on the gate of the thyristor;
- the tables of the oscilloscope terminals are connected to the separation
transformer 0V on the secondary part and the thyristor cathode.
For thyristors with common anodes V2, V4, V6, the impulses should be versus the
voltage of their phase, as follows:
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The amplifying factor of the main current regulation PLC is adjusted, as follows:
- the regulator is put in P (TIM = 0.001 is set)
- on the entry of the regulator are applied small perturbations 1-2%
- the KRM amplification is increased until the oscillation limit
- the amplification of the KRM regulator is established at 1/2 from the value at which
the oscillation occurred
The integrating factor of the current regulator is adjusted, as follows:
- TIM maxim (0.99) is inserted
- gradual signals are applied and the feedback of the regulator is monitored, aiming to
obtain an over-adjustment of maximum 10% by modifying TIM.
Determination of the feedback level of UG
With the excitation on IEX, the equipment is excited until the rated voltage of the
generator.
It is checked that on the board U5 pin 2 circuit U3 (processor), there is a voltage
of 3.6 Vdc; if not, it is adjusted from R26 of board U5.
The presence is checked in clips X-8 for phase R, X-9 for phase S, X-11 for
phase T of the voltage feedback on the terminals (approximately 3x100Vac/
3x110Vac).
Checking the regulator UGmax IEX working mode
The order is given to increase the reference continuously and it is assessed that
the voltage on the terminals does not exceed 1.2*UNG by limiting the maximum IEX
set-point.
Set the field current level for startup on AVR working mode and startup with
fieldflash
Decrease the field current in order to decrease the generator voltage to 85%
UGnom. The value of the excitation current in percents is put as the Startup current on
AVR
Decrease the field current in order to decrease the generator voltage to 50%
UGnom. Now the parameters of Minimum current set-point and Fieldflash startup
current set-point can be set.
The adjustment of the regulator of UG AVR
The function of voltages equalizing is disabled.
With the excitation on IEX, the equipment is excited until the rated voltage of the
generator.
The excitation system is witched from IEX to the AVR working mode. The
amplification factor of the voltage regulator is adjusted from O.P. KRA and the
integration time TIA the same way as the current regulator was adjusted.
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B.
Select the supply from the internal services of the power plant SAL can switch
is on the position 1.
Checking the starting of the excitation system on AVR working mode, using
generator stator voltage
Select the AVR working mode. Start the generator and the excitation system. First
exciter field circuit will be supplied from the battery voltage. After the generator
voltage is built up to 50% UGnom, the rectifier uses this voltage to build up the
generator voltage to the synchronizing value.
3. Checking the static excitation equipment on the generator operating in
charge (coupled to the system)
The IEX adjustment working mode is selected.
- Adjustment of the reactive power feedback Q and the active power P
The generator is excited; it is synchronized with the system and it is coupled to
the system.
The generator is charged at P = 1/3*PN and Q = 1/3*QN.
The stator current feedback measure is checked. The displayed value on O.P.
(percentage from rated value for stator current) must indicate a correct value. If any
errors appear, an adjustment on the electronic board BASC can be made: P2
potentiometer (if there is a big error then operator must verify connection mode for
wires in clamps X1, X2, X3 and, if needed, change R39 and R40 from U5- BASC:
(R39 in parallel with R40) than P.V. displayed value - any changes for resistances
are made with motor and excitation equipment stopped and with Q1 opened).
The power factor measure is checked. If the displayed value on O.P. is not a
correct value the followings can be done:
- modify potentiometer P3 on the U5 BASC board
- change the condenser C10 with one that has a lower value to increase the angle
value or with one that has a higher value to decrease the angle value;
- modify P.V. parameter "CORRECTION PHY" (screen 43) the correction factor
is the amount of degrees needed to be added or subtracted multiply with 2,
positive or negative;
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The P and Q measure is checked. Use, if it is needed, the cos and sin
correction parameters on the O.P. to display the correct values
The MAIN excitation can be further switched onto AVR or cos or Isin. On AVR the
device is charged with active power until PN aiming that Q remains approximately
constant at 1/3*QN, without giving orders to INCREASE-DECREASE the excitation on
the door of the equipment cabinet.
If the reactive variations are higher, they are adjusted from KST-O.P.
2.3.3. Checking the BACKUP excitation equipment
Turn the cam switch SBR to position 2 to select the BACKUP excitation.
The switch breaker Q1R are closed to transmit the voltage of 24V d.c. to the supply
bars BAR.0V, BAR.24V and Q2 to supply the commands relays with 110V d.c.
If the relay KE3 is switched off, the relay K1R will be switch ON.
1. Checking the static excitation equipment on the generator excitation with
non-spinning rotor.
- Checking the synchronization
- Preparation: the connections are untied from the firing pulses circuits on the
thyristor gates.
- The ac service supply is coupled and Q3 is closed;
- Switch the REMOTE/LOCAL switch to LOCAL
- Simulate the 90% speed signal and the firing pulses will be enabled.
- The presence of the pulses on the thyristors is checked, as well as their correct
synchronization, as follows:
With an oscilloscope are viewed the wave forms between the cathode-gate at each
thyristor, connecting the hot terminal of the oscilloscope to the gate of the thyristor.
They should have the shape:
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Remarks
1. The phase shall be oscillographed by using a separation transformer connected
between the concerned phase and null.
2. The oscilloscope shall be connected as follows:
- probe 1 + is connected to the polarized terminal of the separation transformer on
the secondary part;
- probe 2+ is put on the gate of the thyristor;
- the tables of the oscilloscope terminals are connected to the separation
transformer 0V on the secondary part and the thyristor cathode.
For thyristors with common anodes V2, V4, V6, the impulses should be versus the
voltage of their phase, as follows:
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Manifestation of
Possible causes
fault
The equipment
- the READY conditions are
does not start
not fulfilled
- the STOP order is present
- the equipment has not been
reset after a fault stop
Remedy
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The excitation
equipment has
excitation current
variations without
the order
INCREASE or
DECREASE
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