Table of Contents
Conversion of Measurement Units
Length
1 in. = 25.4 mm
1 in. = 2.54 cm
1 in. = 0.0254 m
1 ft = 0.3048 m
Area
1 in.2 = 645.2 mm2
1 in.2 = 6.452 cm2
1 ft2 = 144 in.2
Volume
1 in.3 = 16.39 cm3
1 ft3 = 1728 in.3
1 U.S. gal. = 231 in.3
1 U.S. gal. = 0.1337 ft3
1 U.S. gal. = 0.8327
Imp. gal.
1 U.S. gal. = 3.7854 liters
1 ft3 = 28.32 liters
Density
1 lb/ft3 = 16.02 kg/m3
1 lb./ft3 = 0.01602 g/cm3
1 lb./in.3 = 1728 lb/ft3
density = specific gravity x reference density
density = 1/specific volume
Specific Volume
specific volume = 1/density
G Temperature
T(°F -32)
T(°C) =
1.8
T(°F) = 1.8 T(°C) + 32
T(°R) = T(°F) + 460
T(°K) = T(°C) + 273
T(°R) = 1.8 T(°K)
where:
°C = degrees Celsius
°F = degrees Fahrenheit
°K = degrees Kelvin (absolute temperature)
°R = degrees Rankine (absolute temperature)
Edward Vogt Valve Company • 1900 South Saunders Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27603 • 1-800-225-6989 • 1-919-832-0525 • Fax 1-919-831-3369
Exit Catalog
Specific Gravity – Liquids Specific Gravity – Gases Flow Rate
1 mile = 5280 ft • mass units
1 mile = 1.609 km density of liquid density of gas 1 lb/hr = 0.4536 kg/hr
Gl =
1 km = 3281 ft density of water at reference condition (at pressure and temperature of interest) 1 metric tonne/hr = 2205 lb/hr
Gg =
1 m = 39.37 in. density of air
Commonly used relations are: (at same pressure and temperature) • liquid volume units
density of liquid r (lb/ft3) 1 U.S. gpm = 34.28 BOPD
1 m2 = 10.76 ft2 Gl = = Because the relation between density, pressure and BOPD = barrels oil per day
1 m2 = 1550 in.2 density of water at 60°F 62.38 (lb/ft3) temperature does not always behave in an ideal way 1 U.S. gpm = 0.8327 Imp. gpm
and atmospheric pressure (i.e., ideally, density is proportional to pressure
1 U.S. gpm = 0.2273 m3/hr
and divided by temperature, in absolute units), use of the 1 U.S. gpm = 3.785 liters/min
density of liquid r (kg/m3)
Gl = = above relation requires that the pressure and tem- 1 m3/hr = 16.68 liters/min
1 m3 = 35.31 ft3 density of water at 4°C 1000 (kg/m3) perature of interest be specified. This means that the 1 ft3/s = 448.8 U.S. gpm
1 m3 = 264.2 U.S. gal. and atmospheric pressure specific gravity of a gas as defined may vary with • mixed units
1 m3 = 220 Imp. gal. pressure and temperature (due to w(lb/hr) = 8.021 q(U.S. gpm) x r(lb/ft3)
1 m3 = 1000 liters For practical purposes, these specific gravities may “compressibility” effects). w(lb/hr) = 500 q(U.S. gpm of water at 70°F or less)
1 liter = 61.02 in.3 be used interchangeably, as the reference densities
1 liter = 1000 cm 3 are nearly equivalent. Frequently, specific gravity is defined using: In the following:
STP (standard conditions) refers to 60°F, 14.73 psia
1 ml = 1 cm3 Specific gravities are sometimes given with two tem- molecular weight of gas Mw NTP (normal conditions) refers to 0°F, 1.0135 bar
peratures indicated, e.g., Gg = =
molecular weight of air 28.96 abs
60°F 15.5°C Gl 60°F/60° If this relation is used to calculate density, one must molecular weight of gas Mw
Gl , Gl , Gg = =
60°F 4°C be careful to consider “compressibility” effects. molecular weight of air 28.96
When the pressure and temperature of interest are at
The upper temperature is that of the liquid whose or near “standard” conditions (14.73 psia, 60°F) or w(lb/hr) = 60 q(scfm of gas) x r(lb/ft3) at STP
specific gravity is given, and the lower value “normal” conditions (1.0135 bar abs, 0°C), w(lb/hr) = q(scfh of gas) x r(lb/ft3) at STP
indicates the water temperature of the reference den- specific gravities calculated from either of the above w(lb/hr) = 4.588 q(scfm of gas) x Gg
sity. If no temperatures are shown, assume that the relations are essentially equal. w(lb/hr) = 0.07646 q(scfh of gas) x Gg
commonly used relations apply. w(lb/hr) = 3186 q(MMscfd of gas) x Gg
Mmscfd = millions of standard cubic feet per
Pressure Head
For petroleum liquids having an “API degrees” spec-
ification: 1 foot of water at 60°F = 0.4332 psi
day
w(kg/hr) = q(normal m3/hr of gas) x r(kg/m3 at NTP)
w(kg/hr) = 1.294 q(normal m3/hr of gas) x Gg
Gl 60°F/60° =
141.5 r(lb/ft3) x h(feet of liquid)
p(psi) =
131.5 + API degrees 144
Pressure r(kg/m3) x h(meters of liquid)
p(N/m2) =
1 Mpa = 145 psi 1 psi = 6895 Pa 0.1020
1 pond = 1 gf 1 psi = 6895 N/m2
1 std atm = 14.696 psi 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 r(kg/m3) x h(meters of liquid)
p(bar) =
1 std atm = 1.0133 bar 1 bar = 14.50 psi 10200
1 std atm = 1.0133 x 1 bar = 100,000 N/m2
105 N/m2 1 kgf/cm2 = 14.22 psi 1 meter of water at 20°C = 9.790 kN/m2
1 std atm = 760 torr absolute pressure = 1 meter of water at 20°C = 97.90 mbar
gage pressure + atmospheric pressure 1 meter of water at 20°C = 1.420 psi
G58