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PAPER ON

INDEX

INTRODUCTION.
SOLAR ENERGY.
WIND ENERGY.
HYBRID SYSTEM (WIND-SOLAR).
FEATURES OF HYBRID SYSTEM.
CASE STUDY
CONCLUSION.
BIBLIOGRAPHY.

INTRODUCTION
Today, the world is progressing at quite a fast rate with the use
of the conventional sources of energy. The two major
disadvantages of using them are the environmental pollution
created by its use and its limited quantity. On the other hand
the Non-conventional sources of energy are available in plenty,
free of cost and pollution free. So its the time to think for
switching on to the Non-conventional sources and restrict the
use of conventional sources of energy
Many types of clean and renewable energy sources can be
used in the production of electrical energy.

These include solar energy, wind

energy, wave energy,
hydroelectricity, biomass energy,
energy from wastes, tidal power,
and geothermal energy.

All of these energy sources have

environmental benefits over the
use of fossil fuels.

Our paper deals with the Energy

conservation Technique which is a
combination of two Nonconventional sources of energy,
i.e. Solar and Wind Energy.

SOLAR ENERGY
Four-fifths of the suns energy falls
on the oceans and drives the water
cycle. Evaporation from the sea
causes rain to fall on the land,
resulting in the global hydropower
resource. The remaining fifth of the
suns energy falls on the land and is
still about 2,000 times greater than
total world energy demand.
The three main technologies that
have been developed to capture this
energy are Passive Solar, Solar
Thermal, and Photovoltaic modules.

SOLAR ENERGY
(DISADVANTAGES)

Apart from its advantages few Disadvantages are as follows: Solar power is not always completely predictable because it depends on the
amount of sunlight that reaches the Earth at any given time. This precludes
solar power generation during the night when sunlight does not reach the
part of the Earth in which the cell is located and limits solar power
generation when cloud cover scatters portions of the electromagnetic
spectrum.

Some forms of solar power are not currently cost competitive. A

Photovoltaic power station is expensive to build, about 10% efficient, and the
energy payback time is large of the order of five years.

WIND ENERGY
The uneven heating of the earths
surface by the sun causes wind. This
heat is absorbed by the ground or water
and is then transferred into the air,
causing differences in air temperature,
density and pressure. These differences
then create forces that push the air
around. Like the water that flows in the
river.
The wind contains energy that can be
converted into electricity using wind
turbines. Currently, more than 20,000
wind turbines are used for generating
electricity around the world.
Wind power projects can also be very
stimulating for local economics.

WIND ENERGY
(DISADVANTAGES)

As Solar Energy Wind Energy too has some Disadvantages.

Wind power is irregular in many locations, because consistent
wind is needed to ensure continuous power generation
Commercial generation requires a wind farm over large areas
having an effect on scenery
The effect of large scale wind farms on the climate is unknown.
Thus to overcome from the disadvantages of these energy
techniques we should combine these two techniques and By
this we can achieve more efficient and environment friendly
energy source throughout year.

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

Hybrid Systems - Utility Connected with Battery Backup. A combination of

the above systems, these applications have the advantages of both. They
are connected to the utility grid in case the weather is insufficient for the
solar or wind system, but they also have batteries to store electricity in case
the utility grid goes down as well. The design and installation of these
systems is more complicated and expensive, but they are the most effective
in providing constant, reliable electricity.

The System Include

PV Array
Wind Turbine
Aero-Wind Generator Solar Controller
Wind Controller
Battery Bank
Inverter
Loads
Schematic Diagram

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

PV Array:A number of PV panels connected in

series and/or in parallel giving a DC
output out of the incident irradiance.
Orientation and tilt of these panels are
important design parameters, as well
as
shading
from
surrounding
obstructions.

Wind Turbine:Which is installed on top of a tall

tower, collects kinetic energy from the
wind and converts it to electricity that is
compatible with a homes electrical
system.

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

Aero-Wind Generator:This is one of the main components in

this system and converts kinetic energy
of wind into electrical energy in the
wind into mechanical energy. An
electric generator is coupled to the
propeller shaft directly, this propeller in
turn rotates rotor of the electric
generator and in turn generates DC
electricity. The output from the wind
generator varies as per the wind speed.
Wind electricity for decentralized
system or hybrid generation of
electricity using other energy sources
as wind regimes for localized small grid
systems or battery charging..

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

Solar Controller And Wind Controller:Controls battery bank charge

discharge reasonable and safety.

and

Battery bank:
There can be a single battery or
multiple batteries connected together to
create essentially one large battery of the
required voltage and amp-hour capacity. In
some ways the battery configuration and
capacity are the most important electrical
power decision to make, and a wise choice
can help guarantee a steady supply of
electrical power as well as a system that is
simple to operate and maintain.

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

Inverter:A power converter that inverts the

DC power from the panels into
AC
power.
.

Loads:Stands for the network connected

appliances in the building that are fed
from the inverter (AC loads), or from
the battery bank(DC loads).

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

INSTALLED CAPACITY OF POWER GENERATION THROUGH NON

CONVENTIONAL ENERGY IN INDIA
Sr. No.

Sources Of Energy

Capacity

Wind Energy

Solar

Municipal Solid Waste.

113.60 MW

Biomass Power / Bagasse Co-generation

3488.23 MW

Small Hydro

3496.14 MW

Total

18420.40MW
1176.25 MW

26697.62 MW

HYBRID SYSTEM
(HSWPS)

MINIMUM TARGET FOR 12TH FIVE YEAR PLAN (2012-2017)

IS PROPOSED FOR INDIA AS FOLLOWS :
Sr. No.

Target (in GW)

Program

Wind Power

15

Solar Power

10

Biomass Power

Small Hydro Power

Total

30

CASE STUDY
(HSWPS)

AS ESTIMATED AT CHUNNAMBAR, PONDICHERRY :

Energy

Model Output in kWh per

Actual Output in kWh

Generation

annum

per annum

Percentage
Variation

System
Wind Generation

3569

3347

6.22

3094

2872

7.18

6663

6219

6.66

System(3.3kW)
Solar Generation
System(1.8 kW)

TOTAL

CASE STUDY
(HSWPS)

FEATURES
(HSWPS)

Designed for easy to operate ,servicing and maintenance

where required
Most Eco-friendly & clean source of power.
No pollution and no recurring fuel costs, Highly
reliable and consistent power supply.
Long life span for SPV modules & Modular design
Very few moving parts-negligible maintenance required
Increases public safety and aids in providing a safe
working environment in areas where mains power is
risky

APPLICATIONS
(HSWPS)

Ideal for cell phone recipient stations.

Farm houses, Guesthouses, Hospitals, Hotels,
Laboratories and R&D centres
Remote and Rural village electrification.
Residential colonies and Apartments general Lighting.
Street Lighting.
Transmissions and communication Tower and many more
applications.

CONCLUSION

Because the seasonal profiles of the wind and solar resources are
somewhat complementary in some reason, combination of wind and solar
perform better than either wind or solar alone
Under the circumstance of power failure this hybrid system keeps the
continuity of supply without producing any noise pollution, dislike any other
power generating equipment i.e. D.G. Set with noisy operation.
High Efficiency than Individual systems.
Since the longer pay back time of investing renewable energy system, little
firms are interested in investing the renewable system.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dr. Hiregowdara Yerrannagouda, assistance professor, Mech. Engg. Dept.,

Vijayanagar Engineering College of Bellary.
DR. Recayi Pecen, member of Tau Beta Pi National Engineering Honor Society,
IEEE and NAIT.
Dr. MD Salim, faculty of University of Northern Lowa.
Dr. Marc Timmerman, faculty of University of Tulsa and of University of Northern
Lowa.
www.mahaurja.com (MAHARASHTRA ENERGY DEVELOPMENT AGENCY).
http://www.renewindians.com/2012/12/Renewable-energy-contribution-in-india.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India(Wikipedia)
http://www.umass.edu.
http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/hybrid-wind-and-solar-electric-systems.
Software.from MIT.