Dpi 413 PDF

DPI413NORRISFALL2014WWW.PIPPANORRIS.
COM
8/11/20149:50PM
Classwebsite:www.pippanorris.com
August11,2014
DPI413
ChallengesofDemocratization
PippaNorris
Fall2014
ContactDetails:............................................................................................................................2
CourseSynopsis:..........................................................................................................................2
CourseObjectives:.......................................................................................................................3
ClassSchedule:.............................................................................................................................4
RequiredReadings:......................................................................................................................4
SharedDatasets...........................................................................................................................6
Assignments:................................................................................................................................7
Researchpaper(35%)Duebythestartofclasson8thOct....................................................................7
BriefingMemo(15%)Duebythestartofclasson17thNov..................................................................7
ConsultancyReport(40%)Duebythestartofclasson3rdDec.............................................................7
Topics,discussionquestions,&requiredreadings......................................................................8
DPI413NORRISFALL2014WWW.PIPPANORRIS.COM
8/11/20149:50PM
ContactDetails:
Classtime:
Classplace:
Shopping:
Firstclass:
Lastclass:
Professor:
MondaysandWednesdays2.40to4.00pm
RubensteinBuilding,RG20
Wednesday3rdSeptember2014
Friday5thSept2014
Wednesday3rdDec2014
PippaNorris,McGuireLecturerinComparativePoliticsatHarvardandARCLaureateand
ProfessorofGovernmentandInternationalRelationsattheUniversityofSydney
Office:
Littauer110,JohnF.KennedySchoolofGovernment
OfficeHours: Tuesdays2.404.00pmSignupfirstvia:http://www.wejoinin.com/sheets/bobwp
Tel:
(617)4951475
Fax:(617)4962850
Email:
Pippa_Norris@hks.harvard.edu
http//:
www.pippanorris.com
Classwebsite: www.pippanorris.comunderTeaching
Courseassistant:Tbc
FacultyAssistant:PatriciaTimmonsLittauer-209 617-495-8660 patricia_timmons@hks.harvard.edu
Assessment:
Courseassignments
Methods:
Statisticalanalysisandillustrativecasestudies
CourseSynopsis:
This course covers the basic principles, theories, conceptual tools, and comparative methods useful for
understandingthechallengesofdemocracyanddemocratization.EventsduringtheArabuprisingshave
highlightedtransitionsfromautocracyinheadlinenews,althoughthisisfarfromanovelissue.Sincethe
early1970s, there have been successive waves of regime change. The international development
communityhasfocusedincreasedattentiononthechallengesoffacilitatingthetransitionfromautocracy
and the consolidation of democratic states. Advocates argue that democratic governance is a universal
humanright.Moreoverthistypeofregimeisalsobelievedtohelppeoplelivewealthier,healthier,and
moresecurelives.Theprocessofdemocratizationisthoughttoelectleaderswhoaremoreaccountable
andresponsivetotheneedsofordinarycitizens,includingthepoor.Moreover,democraticgovernanceis
alsobelievedtopromoteinternationalpeaceandcooperation,reducingthecausesofconflictandviolence
betweenandwithinstates.
Theinternationaldevelopmentcommunity,multilateralorganizations,andnationalstakeholdershaveused
multiple strategies to promote democratic governance. Many resources have been devoted to
strengthening the capacity of political institutions, notably through encouraging multiparty competitive
elections,independentjudiciaries,andeffectivelegislaturesdesignedtocurbandcounterbalancestrong
executives,aswellasimplementingdecentralizationstrategies,anticorruptiondrives,andpublicsector
reforms.Democraticassistancehasflowedintoattemptstofosterandexpandcivicsocietybynurturing
grassrootsorganizations,advocacyNGOs,humanrightswatchgroups,andtheindependentnewsmedia.
And aid has been invested in attempts to expand economic growth, peacebuilding, and sustainable
development,asanindirectroutetodemocraticgovernance.
Despiteprocessesofregimechangeanddemocratizationsincetheearly1970s,onepartystates,military
backeddictatorships,autocraticregimes,elitistoligarchies,andabsolutemonarchiespersist.Todaythere
arealsomanyelectoralautocracies,instatesasvariedasSingapore,Burma,RussiaandPakistan,which
holdmultipartyelectionsbutfailtoinstitutethefullpanoplyofhumanrightsandpoliticalfreedoms.Many
stateshavealsoseenonlypartialorunstablestepstowardsdemocraticelections,andthenreverses,for
example in Thailand, Bangladesh, Kenya, Nigeria, and Venezuela. Major problems confront attempts at
building stable nationstates and effective governance in places such as Libya and Tunisia. In many
2
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countries,therefore,theprocessofregimechangeandfurtherdemocratizationthereforeremainsdeeply
flawed,incompleteoruncertain.
Tounderstandtheseissues,PartIprovidesthefoundationaloverviewbyestablishinganalyticalconcepts
and indicators suitable for comparative policy research into democratic governance; Part II considers
alternativeexplanationsfortheunderlyingdriversofdemocratization;PartIIIconsiderstheconstitutional
designsmostconducivetostrengtheningprocessesofdemocratization;PartIVfocusesuponcivicsociety,
andtheroleofpoliticalculture,religionandsocialcapital.PartVIlooksattheconsequencesofdemocratic
governanceforprosperity,welfareandpeace.
CourseObjectives:
Therearemanystagesinthecyclicalprocessofpolicyadvocacy,policyanalysis,policyimplementation,and
policyevaluation.Althoughusefulforeachofthese,thecourseisfocuseduponthefirstandsecondstages,
policy advocacy and policy analysis. That is, you will sharpen your understanding of the challenges of
democratic governance and also understand the range of practical policy recommendations which
reformerscouldadopttostrengthentheprocessofdemocraticgovernance.Thecoursewilluseabroadly
comparative methodology incorporating evidence from a wide range of countries worldwide, including
developedanddevelopingsocieties.Thisclassisevaluatedthroughmixedtypesofassignments,including
astandardacademicessay,abriefingmemoandaprofessionalreport.Therearenoprerequisitesfortaking
theclass.Somevisitingspeakerswillbearrangedandannouncedduringthecourseofthesemester.
Class website
Theclasswebsiteisavailableatwww.pippanorris.com.Thiscontainsalltheessentialmaterialsforthe
course,includingtheonlinesyllabus,supplementarybibliography,onlinelinkedresources,course
calendar,powerpointslides,announcements,andothermaterials.Bookmarkthissite!
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ClassSchedule:
Class
Date
Topic
Assignmentdue
dates(i)
PartI:Foundations
5Sept
Introduction:Roadmapofthecourse
7Sept
Theoreticalframeworksand concepts:classifyingregimes
9Sept
Concepts,benchmarksandindices:Liberaldemocracy
15Sept
Concepts,benchmarksandindices:Governance capacity
PartII:ContextualDriversofDemocratization
17Sept
Explanatoryframeworks ofdemocratization
22Sept
Socialdeterminants ofdemocratization
24Sept
Economicdeterminants ofdemocratization
8.
6Oct
Internationalagencies &democracypromotion
8Oct
Civilsociety,protestpolitics, andrevolution
Researchpaper
PartIII:Constitution building
10
15Oct
Theprinciplesandpracticesofconstitution building
11
21Oct
Elections:freeandfairelectoralandpartylaws
12
22Oct
Electoralmanagement andelectoralintegrity
13
27Oct
Inclusivelegislatures andminorityrepresentation
14
29Oct
Executivepowers:presidential,mixed,orprimeministerial
15
3Nov
Decentralizingdecisionmakingtolocaland federallevels
16
5Nov
Independentmedia andsocialnetworks
17
12Nov
Casestudy:BuildingtheLibyanandEgyptianconstitutions
PartIV:StrengtheningCivicSociety
18
17Nov
Cultureanddemocratization
Briefingmemo
19
19Nov
Religionanddemocracy
20
18Nov
Socialcapitalanddemocracy
21
24Nov
Civicsocietyanddemocracy
PartVI:Consequencesofdemocraticgovernance
22
1Dec
Conclusions:Impactsonprosperity
23
3Dec
Conclusions:Impactsonpovertyandpeace
Professional
Report
Note:OfficialHarvardUniversityholidaysareasfollows:ColumbusDay:Oct13;Veteran'sDay:Nov11
(Observed);Thanksgiving:Nov2628.PleasenotethatnoclasseswillbeheldonMon29SeptandWed1
Oct,duetopriortravelcommitmentstoSydneyforAPSA2014.Someguestspeakersmayalsobearranged
onseveraltopics.(i)Assignmentsareduetobehandedinatthestartoftheclassonthesedates.
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Required Readings:
Bookscanbeordereddirectfromthepublishers,orfromAmazon.comWordsworth'sbooksorBarnesand
Noble.Thetotalcostoftherequiredbooksshouldbearound$90.Therequiredbooksareavailableon
reserveattheKennedySchoollibrary.
NotetheDOIlistedinthesyllabusforarticles.Thisisauniqueandstaticidentifierforeachjournalarticle.
Togetaccess,
I.
LogintoHarvardlibrarysCitationLinker.http://sfx.hul.harvard.edu/citation/sfx_local/
II.
III.
IV.
a.
TypeorpastetheDOIintoCitationLinker.HitFindit.
Chooseanarticlesourcefordownloading.
YouwillneedtosigninonceusingHarvardUniversitysPinidforaccess.
Furtherresourcesarelistedundereachweekstopicfordownloading.ThereisnoCMDOpacketforthis
class.
1.JanTeorell.2010.DeterminantsofDemocratization:Explainingregimechangeintheworld,19722006.
NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress
Whatarethedeterminantsofdemocratization?Dothefactorsthatmovecountries
towarddemocracyalsohelpthemrefrainfrombackslidingtowardautocracy?This
book attempts to answer these questions through a combination of a statistical
analysis of social, economic,and international determinants of regimechange in
165 countries around the world in 19722006, and case study work on nine
episodesofdemocratizationoccurringinArgentina,Bolivia,Hungary,Nepal,Peru,
the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Uruguay. The findings suggest that
democracyispromotedbylongtermstructuralforcessuchaseconomicprosperity,
butalsobypeacefulpopularuprisingsandtheinstitutionalsetupofauthoritarian
regimes. In the shortrun, however, elite actors may play a key role, particularly
throughtheimportanceofintraregimesplits.JanTeorellarguesthattheseresults
haveimportantrepercussionsbothforcurrenttheoriesofdemocratizationandfor
the international community's effort in developing policies for democracy
promotion.
CambridgeUniversityPressISBN:9780521139687$29.99
http://www.cambridge.org/gb/knowledge/isbn/item5655760/?site_locale=en_GB
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2. Christian W. Haerpfer, Patrick Bernhagen, Ronald F. Inglehart and Christian Welzel. 2009.
Democratization.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.
Democratization focuses on the "global wave of democratization" that has been
occurring since around 1970. Bringing together leading authors from diverse
internationalbackgrounds,itintroducesstudentstothetheoreticalandpractical
dimensions of the subject. The book takes into account the international factors
thataffectpoliticsatthelevelofthenationstate,showingstudentsthedirectionin
which the discipline is moving. It is accompanied by a companion website that
providesnumerousresourcesforstudentsandinstructors
(ReferredtoafterwardsasHaerpferetalDemocratization).Paperback$43.55from
Amazon.ISBN10:0199233020/ISBN13:9780199233021
3. Pippa Norris. 2008. Driving Democracy: Do Powersharing Institutions Work? Cambridge University
Press.
As illustrated by contemporary constitutional debates in Iraq, Afghanistan,
andSudan,controversycontinuestosurroundtheprosandconsofpower
sharing institutions. This debate is vital for scholarly research seeking to
understand the underlying drivers of democratization, development, and
conflict.Itisevenmoreimportantforpolicymakersconcernedwithpromoting
sustainable governance, practical institutional reforms, and durable peace
settlements.
Thisbookhastwomainaims.Thefirstistoupdateandrefinethetheoryof
consociationalism,originallydevelopedinthelate1960s,totakeaccountof
the flood of contemporary developments in powersharing which have
occurredworldwide.Thisstudycomparestheconsequencesfordemocracyof
fourdimensionsofpowersharingregimes:thebasictypeofelectoralsystem,
whether there is a parliamentary or presidential executive, the
decentralizationofpowerinunitaryorfederalstates,andthestructureand
independenceofthemassmedia.
Building on this classification, the study tests the potential advantages and
disadvantagesofeachoftheseinstitutionsusingawiderrangeofempirical
evidencethanpreviousstudies.
CambridgeUniversityPress.2008.9780521694803$16.74Paperbackfrom
AmazonISBN10:0521694809/ISBN13:9780521694803.
SharedDatasets
Asanoptionaladdition,twosharedclassdatasetsareavailablefrommywebsitepippanorris.comforthose
whowouldliketousetheseforassignments.Thecrossnationaldatasetcontainsmorethan700variables
for191nationsworldwide,withthemostrecentyearofdataavailable.Thereisalsoacrossnationaltime
series dataset from 19722007 for all countries worldwide. The datasets are available in Spss and Stata
formats.Theseresourceswillbediscussedinmoredetailduringclass.Thosefamiliarwithstatisticsmay
wanttousethesedatasetsbuttheyarenotessentialfortheassignments.Selectedqualitativecasescan
alsobeusedtoexplorethequestions,ormixedmethodsmaybeappliedcombiningbothapproaches.
8/11/20149:50PM
Assignments:
Students are expected to keep up with the required readings and to attend classes every Monday and
Wednesday.Theinclassdiscussionswillprovidesomeideasontheseassignmentsandyoumaychooseto
workcollaborativelywithothersintheclass,buteachstudentshouldsubmithisorherownpaperforan
individualgrade.Latepolicy:Barringanextraordinaryexcuse,alllateassignmentswillbemarkeddowna
thirdofagrade(suchasfromAtoA)foreachdayfollowingtheduedate.
Researchpaper(35%)Duebythestartofclasson8thOct
Youcanchoosetoansweronequestionoutofanyquestionslistedinthesyllabusfromclasses19.The
papershouldbeabout2500wordsinlength.Itshouldbedesignedprimarilyfortheresearchcommunity
andstructuredwithstandardsubheadingsasfollows.
I.
Theselectedquestion,theplanofyourpaperandsynopsisofyourargument
II.
Reviewofthecoretheoreticaldebate
III.
Summaryoftheempiricalliteratureandexistingevidence
V.
Conclusionsandimplications.
VI.
Endnotes:comprehensivelistofliteratureandreferencesusedinthepaper
Thefirstassignmentrequiresyoutodevelopacoretheoreticalargumentinresponsetothequestion,to
readwidelyandprovideathoroughandbalancedsynthesisoftheexistingresearchpublishedinjournals
andbooksonthetopic,toconsiderwhatevidenceisavailablefromtheresearchtosupportyourclaims,
and then to summarize the key points and consider their implications in your conclusion. Your ideal
templateisaresearcharticlepublishableinapeerreviewedscholarlyjournal.
BriefingMemo(15%)Duebythestartofclasson17thNov
Youareaskedtowriteabriefingmemo(2,000words)designedforreadershipbymembersofthenational
legislature or the constitutional deliberative body in one country (select either Libya, Nepal, Egypt,
Myanmar,orSouthSudan).Youneedtosummarizetheinstitutionaldesignyouwouldrecommendfora
newconstitutiondesignedtostrengthendemocraticgovernanceinthiscountry.
YouneedtomakerecommendationsforONEofeither:(a)theframeworkofhumanrights;(b)thetypeof
electoral system; (c) the type and powers of the executive; or (d) the type of federal or decentralized
arrangements.Eachsetofrecommendationsshouldclearlyoutlinethecoregoals,andtheprosandconsof
alternativechoicesinmeetingthesegoals,givingregionalexamples,sothatyouprovidecogentreasons
andcomparativeevidencesupportingyourrecommendations.Illustrationsshouldbedrawnfromrelevant
cases.Althoughamemo,youmustuseendnotesfromtheresearchliteraturethroughouttosupportyour
argumentsandprovidealistofendnotesources.Thisshouldbeevidencebased.
ConsultancyReport(40%)Duebythestartofclasson3rdDec
Youcanchoosetoaddressoneofthedimensionsofinstitutionbuildinglistedinthesyllabusfromclasses
1023(egelections,legislatures,executives,media,etc)foranominalmultilateralclientsuchasIDEA,IFES,
OAS,AU,UNDPorWorldBank.Thereportshouldbeabout2500wordsinlength.Yourreportshouldbe
structuredwithsubheadingsasfollows.
I.
Theselectedtopic,nominalclient,andtheexecutivesummaryofyourreport
II.
Summaryofwhythetopicyouhaveselectedmatters(advocacy)
III.
Identifytherangeofpolicyoptionswiththeirprosandcons,supportingyourclaimsby
usingevidencefromtheresearchliteratureandsecondarysources
V.
Summaryofkeyrecommendationsandthenextsteps
VI.
Endnotes:comprehensivelistofliteratureandreferencesusedinthereport.
Your ideal template is a consultancy report commissioned by an international or regional agency and
disseminatedforapractitionerreadership.
ClassParticipation(10%)
Finally the quality of your contributions to the discussions and the short exercises in class will also
contributetowardsyourfinalgrade.
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Topics,discussionquestions,&requiredreadings
Part I: Foundations
1
Introduction:RoadMapoftheCourse
Noreadingrequired
Theoreticalframeworksandconcepts:classifyingregimes
Questiontopics
WhatisthebestwaytoclassifycontemporaryregimesgoverningtodayinEastAsia?Which
regimesarethemostdifficulttocategorizeandwhy?
Whatismeantbytheconceptofcompetitiveauthoritarianism?Discussthemainfeaturesof
thistypeofregimeusingthreeillustrativecasesfromoneregion.
AreRussia,SingaporeorNigeriademocraticstates?
RequiredReading
RichardRose.2009.DemocraticandundemocraticstatesCh2inChristianW.Haerpferetal.
Democratization.NY:OUP.
StevenLevitskyandLucanA.Way.2002.TheRiseofCompetitiveAuthoritarianism.Journal
ofDemocracy13(2):5165.DOI:10.1353/jod.2002.0026
DohChullShinandRollinTusalemEastAsiainChristianW.Haerpferetal.Democratization.
NY:OUP.
Onlineresources
For background information on specific countries, consult the CIA World Factbook,
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/, Human Rights Watch,
www.hrw.org/,andFreedomHouse,http:www.freedomhouse.org
Concepts,benchmarksandindices:Liberaldemocracy
Questiontopics
CompareoneworldregiontoevaluatehowfartheFreedomHouseIndexofpoliticalrights
andcivillibertiesisreliable,comprehensive,andaccurate.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Economist Intelligence Unit composite
annualindexofdemocracy?HowwouldyouimprovetheEIUIndex?
WhataretheprosandconsofthePolityIVscaleofautocracydemocracy?
WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofIDEAsqualitativedemocraticaudit?
RequiredReading
PatrickBernhagen.2009.MeasuringdemocracyanddemocratizationCh3inHaerpferetal.
Democratization.NY:OUP
PippaNorris.2007.DrivingDemocracy.Chapter3.Availableatwww.pippanorris.comunder
books
Munck, Geraldo L. and Jay Verkuilen. 2002. Conceptualizing and measuring democracy
Evaluating alternative indices. Comparative Political Studies. 35 (1): 534. DOI:
10.1177/001041400203500101
MichaelCoppedgeetal.2011.ConceptualizingandMeasuringDemocracy:ANew
Approach.9:247267.DOI:10.1017/S1537592711000880
Onlineresources
EconomicIntelligentUnitdownloadreport:DemocracyIndex2011
http://www.eiu.com//public/topical_report.aspx?campaignid=DemocracyIndex2011
8/11/20149:50PM
FreedomHouse'FreedomintheWorld(latestyear)ReadespeciallyEssayandTablesand
FreedomintheWorld,Methodology.http://www.freedomhouse.org
InternationalIDEA.StateofDemocracyProject.http://www.idea.int/democracy/
Concepts,benchmarksandindices:stategovernance
Questiontopics
What are advantages and limitations of using the KaufmannKraay World Bank Institute
indicatorsofgoodgovernance?
How would you explain the challenges to state governance in SubSaharan Africa, as
documentedbytheKaufmannKraayindicators?
Explain and assess the conditionality requirements for good governance contained in the
MillenniumChallengeAccount?
Whatistherelationshipbetweengovernanceanddemocracy?
RequiredReading
MerileeS.Grindle.2007.Goodenoughgovernancerevisited.DevelopmentPolicyReview25
(5):553574.
Carmen.RApaza.2009.Measuringgovernanceandcorruptionthroughtheworldwide
governanceindicators:Critiques,responses,andongoingscholarlydiscussion.PS
PoliticalScience&Politics42(1):139143.DOI:10.1017/S1049096509090106
PippaNorris.2012.MakingDemocraticGovernanceWork:Howregimesshapeprosperity,
welfareandpeace.NY:CUP(2012)availableunderbooksatpippanorris.com.See
ch3.
Onlineresources
WorldBankGovernanceIndicatorshttp://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/index.asp
QualityofGovernanceInstitute,Sweden.http://www.qog.pol.gu.se/
Explanatoryframeworksofdemocratization
Questiontopics
What explains divergent trajectories of democratization? Select two countries which are
culturally and socially similar yet with divergent political developments and examine the
reasonsforthisdifference,usingtheframeworksprovidedfromyourreading.
Compareandevaluatetheunderlyingtheoreticalassumptions,methodologicalapproaches,
evidence,andfindingsintwoofthetheoriesofdemocratizationdiscussedbyeitherWelzelor
byTeorell.
Thereis,then,aneconomicbasisfortheabsenceofdemocracyintheArabworld.Butitis
structural. It has to do with the ways in which oil distorts the state, the market, the class
structure,andtheentireincentivestructure.Diamond(2010)p98.Doyouagree?
RequiredReading
ChristianWelzel.Theoriesofdemocratization.Ch6inChristianW.Haerpferetal.
Democratization.NY:OUPpp7488
JanTeorell.ExplainingdemocratizationIntroductionandCh1Determinantsof
Democratization.NY:CUPpp.128.
LarryDiamond.2010.WhyaretherenoArabdemocracies?JournalofDemocracy
21(1):93104DOI:10.1353/jod.0.0150http://muse.jhu.edu.ezp
prod1.hul.harvard.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/v021/21.1.diamond.html
Socialdeterminantsofdemocratization
Questiontopics
8/11/20149:50PM
Whathavebeenthemostimportantsocialdriversofdemocratizationsincetheearly1970s?
Whatarethepolicyimplicationsfortheinternationalcommunity,multinationalorganizations,
andnationalstakeholdersseekingtostrengthendemocraticgovernance?
SelectanytwostatesinLatinAmericaandcomparethemtoassesstherelativeimportanceof
theinternaldriversofdemocratizationidentifiedbyTeorell.
Is the growth of the middle class (the Lipset thesis) a necessary or sufficient condition for
enduringprocessesofdemocratization?Discussillustratingyourargumentbyusingthreecase
studies.
RequiredReading
JanTeorell.2010.DeterminantsofDemocratization.NewYork:CUP.Chapter2pp3952.
SeymourMartinLipset.1994.Thesocialrequisitesofdemocracyrevisited.American
SociologicalReview59:122.
BarbaraGeddes.1999.Whatdoweknowaboutdemocratizationaftertwentyyears?
AnnualReviewofPoliticalScience2:115144DOI:
10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.115
Economicdeterminantsofdemocratization
Questiontopics
WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthePrzeworskietal.dichotomousmeasureof
regimetypesforcomparingtheprocessofdemocratization?
Doeseconomicmodernizationdrivedemocratization?
Howfaristheprocessofdemocratizationdeterminedbyeconomicdevelopment,compared
withtheimpactofpoliticalinstitutionsandpoliticalculture?
RequiredReading
books
CarlesBoixandSusanC.Stokes.2003.Endogenousdemocratization.WorldPolitics55(4):
517.DOI:10.1353/wp.2003.0019
Internationalagenciesanddemocracypromotion
Questiontopics
Whataremosteffectiveexternaldriversinthespreadofdemocraticgovernancesincethe
early1970s?Whataretheimplicationsfortheinternationaldevelopmentcommunity?
Select two states in subSaharan Africa, such as Liberia, Mali, South Africa and Ghana, and
comparethemtoassesstherelativeimportanceoftheexternaldriversofdemocratization
identifiedbyTeorell.
CompareandassessthepolicyprioritiesandstrategiesofUNDPandtheWorldBankwhen
seekingtostrengthendemocraticgovernance.
RequiredReading
HakanYilmazTheinternationalcontextinChristianW.Haerpferetal.Democratization.NY:
OUPpp7488.
Civilsociety,protestpolitics,andrevolution
Questiontopics
Whatistherelativeimpactofelitedivisionsfromaboveversusmobilizationfrombelowon
regimetransitionsanddemocraticconsolidation?Discussusingtrendsindemocratizationin
10
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CentralandEasternEuropeorinLatinAmericaduringthethirdwaveeratoillustrateyour
arguments.
RequiredReading
Federico Rossi and Donatella della Porta. Social movements, trade unions and advocacy
networks.Ch12inChristianW.Haerpferetal.Democratization.NY:OUPpp7488.
PartIII:Constitutionaldesignofstateinstitutions
10
Keyprinciplesofconstitution building
Questiontopics
Whatisthetheoryofconsociationalism?Isthetheorystillrelevant?
Explainthekeyadvantagesanddisadvantagesofconsensusormajoritariandemocraciesby
comparing and contrasting the constitutional features of two countries exemplifying each
type.
In the most deeply divided societies, like Northern Ireland, majority rule spells majority
dictatorshipandcivilstriferatherthandemocracy.Whatsuchsocietiesneedisademocratic
regimethatemphasizesconsensusinsteadofopposition,thatincludesratherthanexcludes,
andthattriestomaximizethesizeoftherulingmajorityinsteadofbeingsatisfiedwithabare
majority.(Lijphart).Isthisarobustandwellsubstantiatedclaim?
What contexts make powersharing constitutional settlements most likely to fail? What
contextsmakethemmostlikelytosucceed?Discussandillustratewithtworecentcases.
RequiredReading
books
Winluck Wahiu. 2011. A Practical Guide to Constitution Building. International IDEA.

http://www.idea.int/publications/pgcb/index.cfmIntroduction.
Ginsburg,Tom,ZacharyElkins,andJustinBlount.2009.DoestheProcessofConstitution
MakingMatter?AnnualReviewofLawandSocialScience5:201223DOI:
10.1146/annurev.lawsocsci.4.110707.172247
Onlineresource
ConstitutionNethttp://www.constitutionnet.org/Thisincludesatrainingprogram,handbook,
news,andissuepapers.
1112
DemocraticInstitutions:Electoralintegrity
Questiontopics
Whatarethemostimportantchallengesofelectoralintegrity?Discussinthelightofrecent
electionsineither(a)Russia;(b)Mexico;(c)Egyptor(d)theUSA.
Whatarethemajordistinctionsbetweenpluralityfirstpastthepost,thealternativevote,the
singletransferablevote,combined,andpartylistelectoralsystems?Discusswithillustrations
ofrecentelectionsheldundereachtypeofrules.
Aremixedmember(combined)electoralsystemsthebestofallpossibleworlds?
Doweknowenoughabouttheimpactofpoliticalinstitutionstoengageinsuccessful
constitutionalengineering?ComparetheoutcomeofelectoralreformsinItaly,New
ZealandandIsraeltoconsidertheseissues.
Comparetwocountriesanddiscusstheprimaryadvantagesanddisadvantagesofproportional
ormajoritarian/pluralityelectoralsystemsforeachstate.
Doproportionalelectoralsystemsgeneratefragmentedorextrememultipartysystems?
Whatiselectoralintegrity?Defineandexplainthisconcept.
11
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RequiredReading
Norris,Pippa.2007.DrivingDemocracy.Chapter5.Availableatwww.pippanorris.comunder
books
Matthijs Bogaards. 2009. Electoral systems Ch 15 in Christian W. Haerpfer et al.

Democratization.NY:OUPpp219231.
Norris,Pippa.WhyElectoralIntegrityMatters.NY:CUP.Ch1.Availableat
www.pippanorris.com
ElectoralIntegrityProjectwww.electoralintegrityproject.com
Onlineresources
ACEElectoralKnowledgeNetworkhttp://aceproject.org/
InternationalFoundationforElectoralSystemshttp://www.ifes.org/
TheElectoralintegrityProject.www.electoralintegrityproject.com
InternationalIDEA.2008.ElectoralSystemDesign.ThenewIDEAInternationalHandbook.Ed.
AndrewReynolds,BenReillyandAndrewEllis.
http://www.idea.int/publications/esd/upload/ESD_Handb_low.pdfpp129.
13
Elections:Inclusivelegislaturesandminorityrepresentation
Questiontopics
Whyhavegenderquotasforelectedofficespreadsorapidlyworldwide?
Whatreformshaveprovedmosteffectiveincontributingtowardsachievinggenderequality
andwomensempowermentinelectedoffice?
RequiredReading
RonaldInglehartandPippaNorris.2003.RisingTide.NewYork:CambridgeUniversityPress.
Available at: www.pippanorris.com under http://www.pippanorris.combooks
Chapter13
Lane,KenworthyandMelissaMalami.1999.GenderInequalityinPoliticalRepresentation:A
WorldwideComparativeAnalysis.SocialForces78(1):235269.
Pamela Paxton. Gender and democratization Ch 10 in Christian W. Haerpfer et al.

Democratization.NY:OUP.Pp145155.
Krook, Mona Lena. 2007. Candidate gender quotas: A framework for analysis. European
JournalofPoliticalResearch46(3):367394.
DOI:10.1111/j.14756765.2007.00704.x
Reynolds,Andrew.1999.WomenintheLegislaturesandExecutivesoftheWorld:Knocking
attheHighestGlassCeiling.WorldPolitics51(4):547572.
Onlineresource
QuotaProjecthttp://www.quotaproject.org/
14
Democratic Institutions: Executive powers: presidential, mixed and prime

ministerial
Questiontopics
ExplainandassessLinzsclaimthatpresidentialgovernmentleadstodemocraticinstabilityby
comparingexamplesofpresidentialandparliamentarygovernmentineitherLatinAmericaor
inCentralandEasternEurope.
RequiredReading
books
Siaroff, Alan. 2003. Comparative presidencies: The inadequacy of the presidential, semi
presidentialandparliamentarydistinction.EuropeanJournalofPoliticalResearch
42:287.DOI:10.1111/14756765.00084
12
8/11/20149:50PM
Van Cranenburgh, Oda. 2008. 'Big Men' Rule: Presidential Power, Regime Type and
Democracy in 30 African Countries. Democratization 15(5): 952973. DOI:
10.1080/13510340802362539.
15
Decentralizingdecisionmakingtolocalandfederallevels
Questiontopics
Does decentralizing decisionmaking to local government help or hinder democratic

governance?
Doesfederalismencourageordetersuccession?
RequiredReading
books
Devas,Nick,andSimonDelay.2006.Localdemocracyandthechallengesofdecentralising
thestate:AninternationalperspectiveLocalGovernmentStudies32(5):677695.
DOI:10.1080/03003930600896293
Christina W. Andrews and Michiel S. de Vries. 2007. High expectations, varying outcomes:
decentralizationandparticipationinBrazil,Japan,RussiaandSweden.International
ReviewofAdministrativeSciences200773:424DOI:10.1177/0020852307081151
16
Independentmediaandsocialnetworks
Questiontopics
Whataretheidealrolesofthenewsmediaasagendasetters,watchdogsandinthepublic
sphere in the democratization process? What are the primary barriers to achieving these
roles?
Is there good evidence of the socalled Twitter revolution in the use of social media in
processesofregimetransition,oristhisanexaggeration?
RequiredReading
books
KatrinVoltmer.2011.TheMediainHaerpferetalDemocratizationCh16pp234248
Philip N. Howard and Muzammil M. Hussain . 2011. The Role of Digital Media Journal of
Democracy22(3)
17
Casestudy:BuildingtheLibyanandEgyptianconstitutions
Questiontopics
WhatwouldyourecommendforthedesignoftheLibyanandEgyptianconstitutionsandwhy?
WhatarethelessonsforconstitutionbuildingfromtheprocessinIraqandAfghanistan?
RequiredReading
FrancescoCavatorta.2009.TheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica.Ch21inChristianW.Haerpfer
etal.Democratization.NY:OUP.
LucanWay.2011.ComparingtheArabRevolts:Thelessonsof1989JournalofDemocracy
22(4):
TarekMasoud.2011.Theroadto(andfrom)liberationsquare.JournalofDemocracy22(3):
2034.http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Masoud223.pdf
Fullbriefingdetailswillbemadeavailableonlinenearerthedateofthisclass:seetheclass
websiteatwww.pippanorris.com
PartIV:Strengtheningcivicsociety
13
8/11/20149:50PM
18
Cultureanddemocratization
Questiontopics
Is there good evidence supporting Ingleharts claims of a substantial cultural shift in

orientationstowardsdemocraticvaluesinaffluentsocieties?
Doestheconsolidationofdemocracyrequireademocraticculture?
RequiredReading
ChristianWelzelandRonaldInglehart.2009.Politicalculture,massbeliefsandvaluechange.
Ch9inChristianW.Haerpferetal.Democratization.NY:OUP.Pp126143.
Ronald Inglehart. 2003. How solid is mass support for democracy and how do
wemeasureit?PS:PoliticalScienceandPolitics.
19
Religionanddemocracy
Questiontopics
If secularization has occurred in most postindustrial societies, why not in the case of the
UnitedStates?
RequiredReading
Ronald Inglehart and Pippa Norris. 2003. Muslims and the West: A Clash of Civilizations?
Foreign
Policy.
March/April:
6370.
Available
here:
http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~.pnorris.shorenstein.ksg/ACROBAT/Clash.pdf
PippaNorrisandRonaldInglehart.2004.SacredandSecular:Religionandpoliticsworldwide.
Chapter1and3.Availableonlineatwww.pippanorris.comunderbooks.
20
SocialCapitalandDemocracy
Questiontopics
Doyouagreethatsocialcapital,includingdensesocialnetworksandrichreservoirsofsocial
trust,helptoexplainwhysomedemocraticgovernmentssucceedwhileothersfail?Explain
andassessPutnamstheory.
Doessocialtrustmatter?Explainwhyandwhynot.
DothecentralclaimsinPutnamstheoryofsocialcapitalholdincrossculturalperspective?
RequiredReading
PutnamRobertD.2007.Epluribusunum:Diversityandcommunityinthetwentyfirstcentury
the2006JohanSkyttePrizeLecture.ScandinavianPoliticalStudies30(2):137174
DOI:10.1111/j.14679477.2007.00176.x
Natalia Letki. 2009. Social capital and civil society ch 11 in Christian W. Haerpfer et al.
Democratization.NY:OUP
21
Civicsocietyandcitizenparticipation
Questiontopics
HowfarhastheUnitedStatesexperiencedalongtermerosionofcivicengagementand,ifso,
explainandassesssocialcapitaltheoriesaboutthecausesofthisphenomenon.
Isthemassmembershipbasisofpoliticalpartiesinterminaldecline?
RequiredReading
Putnam,RobertD.1995.TheStrangeDisappearanceofCivicAmerica.TheAmericanProspect
7(24).http://www.prospect.org/print/V7/24/putnamr.html
Putnam,RobertD.1995.Tuningin,tuningoutthestrangedisappearanceofsocialcapitalin
America.PSPoliticalScience&Politics28(4):664683DOI:10.2307/420517
14
8/11/20149:50PM
Ian McAllister and Stephen White Conventional citizen participation ch 13 in Christian W.

Haerpferetal.Democratization.NY:OUP.Pp186197.
22
Conclusions:Democraticgovernanceandeconomicgrowth
Questiontopics
Dogovernanceinstitutionsgenerateeconomicgrowth?
RequiredReading
Rodrik,Dani,ArvindSubramanian,andFrancescoTrebbi.2004.Institutionsrule:The
primacyofinstitutionsovergeographyandintegrationineconomicdevelopment.
JournalofEconomicGrowth9(2):131165.DOI:
10.1023/B:JOEG.0000031425.72248.85
Siegle,JosephT.,MichaelWeinsteinandMortonHalperin.2004.Whydemocraciesexcel.
ForeignAffairs83(5):5772.http://www.jstor.org/stable/20034067
23
Conclusions:Democraticgovernance, humandevelopment&conflict
Questiontopics
Underwhatconditions,ifany,doesdemocraticgovernancedeliverhumandevelopment
outcomes?
Doesdemocraticgovernancebringapeacedividendorincreaserisksofinstability?
RequiredReading
Ross,Michael.2006.Isdemocracygoodforthepoor?AmericanJournalofPoliticalScience
50(4):860874.http://www.jstor.org/stable/4122920DOI:10.1111/j.1540
5907.2006.00220.x
PippaNorris.2012.MakingDemocraticGovernanceWork:Howregimesshapeprosperity,
welfareandpeace.NY:CUP(forthcoming)availableunderbooksat
pippanorris.com.Seech6.
Mansfield, Edward D. and Jack Snyder. 1995. Democratization and the Danger of War
International
Security
20
(1):
538
http://links.jstor.org.ezp
prod1.hul.harvard.edu/stable/pdfplus/2539213.pdf
Fukuyama,Francis.2007.Liberalismversusstatebuilding.JournalofDemocracy18(3):10
13.DOI:10.1353/jod.2007.0046
Carothers, Thomas, 2007. The "sequencing" fallacy. Journal of Democracy 18(1): 1227.
DOI:10.1353/jod.2007.0002
Pippa Norris. 2012. Making Democratic Governance Work: How regimes shape prosperity,
welfare and peace. NY: CUP (forthcoming) available under books at
pippanorris.com.Seech7.
Forfurtherresearchresources:
IngeneralfortheClassWebsiteseewww.pippanorris.com
For relevant literature always check the online Social Science Citation Index via Hollis or the Harvard
KennedySchoolLibraryswebsite,www.hks.harvard.edu/library,underkeyresourcesforhks
15

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Winluck Wahiu. 2011. A Practical Guide to Constitution Building. International IDEA.

Matthijs Bogaards. 2009. Electoral systems Ch 15 in Christian W. Haerpfer et al.

Pamela Paxton. Gender and democratization Ch 10 in Christian W. Haerpfer et al.

Democratic Institutions: Executive powers: presidential, mixed and prime

Does decentralizing decisionmaking to local government help or hinder democratic

Is there good evidence supporting Ingleharts claims of a substantial cultural shift in

Ian McAllister and Stephen White Conventional citizen participation ch 13 in Christian W.

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