TITANIUM GRADE 1 VS GRADE 2

(TECHNICAL COMPARISON)

1. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Chemical Element*
Grade 1, max
Grade 2, max
Fe
0.20
0.25**
C
0.08
N
0.23
O
0.18
0.25
H
0.15
Ti
Balance
*weight % (deviation possible depending on the specification in use)
**per special request max. 0.05 % Fe
Source: ROBERT ZAPP WERKSTOFFTECHHNIK GMBH, Tube manufacturer
ASTM B338/ASTM B337 = Seamless and welding tubing

2. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Mechanical Properties (Annealed)
ASTM Grade
1
2
(sim.DIN Grade)
(3.7025)
(3.7035)
Mpa
Mpa
Tensile Strenght (min.)
240
345
Yield Strenght (min.)*
170
275
Yield Strenght (max.)*
310
450
Elongation % (min.)**
24
20
*0.2% offset
** in 2 inch or 50 mm
Source : ASTM B338/ASTM B337 = Seamless and welding tubing

a. Mechanical properties at Room Tempeture*

Mechanical Properties
Grade 1
Grade 2
YS** at 1% offset [Mpa]
200
270
UTS*** [Mpa]
290 410
390 - 540
Elongation min. [%]
30
22
*deviation ar possible, depending on product form, size, and specification
** Yield Strenght, ***Ultimate Tensile Strenght
b. Mechanical properties at Elevated Tempeture (approximate Value)
Grade
1

Mechanical Properties
315C
425C
540C
YS at 0.2% offset [Mpa]
103
90
UTS [Mpa]
179
138
2
YS at 0.2% offset [Mpa]
124
103
76
UTS [Mpa]
207
179
131
Source: ROBERT ZAPP WERKSTOFFTECHHNIK GMBH, Tube manufacturer
3. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Physical Properties
Grade 1
Grade 2
Melting Point*, approx
1660 [C]
Density*
4510 [kg/ m3
Modulus of Elasticity*, approx
526 [ J/kg.K]
Thermal Conductivity
22 [W/m.K]
Coefficient of Thermal Expnsion 08.7 x 10-6 [K-1]
200 C
Specific Electrical Resistivity
0.47 [.mm2/m]
0.48 [.mm2/m]
*at room Temperture
Source: ROBERT ZAPP WERKSTOFFTECHHNIK GMBH, Tube manufacturer

4. Property Analysis
a. Mechanical properties
-

Strength of Grade 2 is better than Grade 1

Composition elements (N, C,H) of Grade 2 the same with Grade 1

Composition elements (Fe, O) Grade 2 greater than Grade 1

By this composition, we can conclude that ductility properties is almost the same
both Grade 2 or Grade 1

b. Physical properties
-

In term of using for heat exchanger, the main physical properties of tube is
thermal conductivity, the data/tabel give information that coefficient of thermal
conductivity is quitely the same. So, using Grade 2 or Grade 1 will not affected to
heat exhanger performance.

In general, other physical properties is quitely similar both Grade 2 and Grade 1

Corrosion resistance is also same, because of the ability of Titanium in both grade

be careful to the amount of Fe composition, because Fe is relatively reactive to

corrode (even the different is only 0.1 %).

c. Other information
-

formability and weldability Grade 1 is as good as Grade 2 because of the ability of

Titanium in both grade

actually ,Titanium grade 1 and grade 2 is tipical materials for marine service.

5. APPLICATION
ASTM-Grades
Grade 1 (unalloyed Titanium)

Features
is used to increase formability

Grade 2 (unalloyed Titanium)

is the most common Titanium grade for cooling water

Systems. Good strength with high ductility,formability,
weldability and corrosion resistance.

Grade 3 (unalloyed Titanium)

is specified when higher levels of strength are required.

Grade 7 (unalloyed Titanium)

enhanced resistance to hot brine crevice corrosion and

Reducing acids, mechanical properties similar to grade 2
alloy.

Grade 9 (Titanium alloy)

offers excellent corrosion resistance to sea water and is

medium-high strength alloy with highest
code design allowables.

Grade 11 (unalloyed Titanium)

Mechanical properties are the same as those of grade 1

however, with greater resistance to
corrocion against Acid chlorides.

Grade 12 (Titanium alloy)

is more resistant even at temperatures up to 300 C with

improved strength and code design
allowables over grade 2.

Source: TPS-Technitube Rhrenwerke GmbH, Tube Manufacture

ASTM B338/ASTM B337 = Seamless and Welded Tubing
Grade 1

The Commersial Pure (CP) grade with the lowest residual content makes it the lowest
strength CP grade with the highest ductility & excellent cold formability. The application
for deep pressing and intricate forming of sheet strip and plate for Plate & Frame Heat
Exchangers (PFHE). It is also used as the corrosion resistant titanium layer of explosive
bonded Clad plates for liners in tube sheets, pressure vessels, columns, tanks and
chemical process equipment, for transition joints and parts or equipment not requiring
high strength but of a more complex shape.

Grade 2
The workhorse of the CP grades and most widely used in industrial service, it has a
good balance of strength and ductility with strength levels very similar to those of
common stainless steels and with ductility that allows for good cold formability.
(Typically 99.6% Ti). The application for Pressure Vessels, Columns, Pipe (welded &
seamless), Tubing (primarily welded & seamless) in Shell & Tube Heat Exchangers &
Utility Steam Condensers, Tubesheets, Fittings, Fasteners, Flanges, Valve Bodies, Rod,
Wire, etc.
Titanium Grade 2 have already installed at suralaya Steam power Plant Unit 5, 6, and 7
(3X600 MW) and Tanjung Jadi B Steam Power Plant, unit 1 & 2 (2X600 MW)

REFERENCES
Richard A. Clapp and John A. Mountford, Jr. Titanium Alloys, How to Capitalize on the
Performance in Demanding Corrosive Applications While Assuring Against Failure, Presented
at: 2001 Chem Show, the 49th CPI Expo - Javits Convention Center, New York City, October
23 - 25, 2001
Zapp Titanium Grade 1-4 specification. Product Division Speciality Material, Robert Zapp
Werkstofftechhnik Gmbh
International Titanium Association: Why are marine engineers turning to titanium for
corrosion ressistance, 1871 Folsom Street, Suite 200, Boulder, Colorado 80302-5714 USA