UNIT 6 PLANTS

1- PLANT CHARACTERISTICS

They are multicellular organisms

They interact with their environment

They dont move around

They use the sunlight to make their own food

Seed plants
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They reproduce by growing seeds.

There are 2 main groups:

Angiosperms

Gymnosperms

they produce flowers

they produce cones
They are called flowering plants

they are called conifers

Fruit grow from the flowers and the seed grow inside the fruit

the seeds grow inside the cones. Some conifer

seed are called nuts

Non- seed plants

They produce special cells called spores

Ferns and mosses

They grow their spores inside spore capsules. When the spores fall to the ground, they can grow and develop into new plants
Ferns
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Have got special leaves called fronds.

Spore capsules grow on the fronds.

They have got roots that anchor them to the ground.

The roots absorb water and nutrients from the ground

Mosses
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They grow spore capsules

they have got rhizoids , but they havent got roots.

The entire plant absorb water and nutrients

2- PARTS OF THE PLANTS

Most plants have got 3 parts: stem, roots and leaves
Seed plants and ferns have the 3 parts.

Mosses havent got roots, they have got rhizoids

1- Stem:
it brings water and minerals up from the roots and takes them to the leaves.
It supports the leaves, flowers and fruit.
According to the stem, plants can be:
Herbaceous plants
Ferns have got soft and green stems

woody plants
shrubs

trees
have got hard stem

are smaller.

Are larger

the branches are near the ground

with a thick stem: trunk

the branches grow high

2- Roots
Grow underground.
They anchor the plant
They absorb water and minerals from the soil
Many plants have got a large primary root and smaller secondary roots and these have got tiny root hairs
3- Leaves:

They are where a plant performs photosynthesis

The wide, flat part is called the blade. It is connected to the stem by the petiole
Simple leaves have got one blade
Compounds leaves are divided into leaflets
3-PLANT NUTRITION
The plants are autotroph organisms, they produce their own food
Plants perform photosynthesis during the day
Use sunlight to make food from water , minerals and carbon dioxide from the air. And they produce oxygen
They dont perform photosynthesis at night: take oxygen from the air and they produce carbon dioxide. This is called plant respiration
4- PLANTS INTERACTING WITH THEIR ENVIRONMENT
Plants perform interaction. They detect how much light and water there is around them. They react to it.

Some parts of the plants can make movements to receive more light or to find water.

Examples:

Sensitivity to light

sensitivity to contact

sensitivity to water

Sunflowers

venus flytraps

5- PLANTS REPRODUCTION
Flowers are the sexual organs of flowering plants. Most flowers have got 4 main parts:
Petal:
They look like brightly coloured leaves
They protect the inner parts of the flower
They form the corolla
Sepal:
Are small green leaves that grow at the base of the flower.
They form the calyx
Pistil:
Its the female reproductive organ
It has got 3 parts: the stigma, style and ovary. The ovary contains the ovules.
Stamen:
Male reproductive organs
It has a tube called a filament and a sac called an anther. Each anther contains grain of pollen

Pollination: the movement of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma .

Cross- pollination: when the bees exchange the pollen between different flowers

Fruit and seeds

Fertilization: The union of pollen with an ovule

The ovules are fertilized

the ovary grows larger

Germination: takes place when a seed begins to grow into a new plant.

the fruit protects the seeds