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10
BONIFACIO AND THE KATIPUNAN
(1892 1896)
The failure of the reform movement led even a reformist like Marcelo
H. Del Pilar to think of revolution. Insurrection, Del Pilar wrote in La
Solidaridad, is the last remedy, especially when people have acquired the
belief that peaceful means to secure the remedies for evils prove futile.
With Rizals La Liga Filipina, the struggle changed its recourse from reform
to revolution.
Upon Rizals arrest and exile to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, saw the
futility of the peaceful campaign for reforms. He had a different idea; he
would teach the people to depend for themselves for their salvation. He
organized the Katipunan- the revolutionary society responsible for the
Philippine Revolution of 1896.
MEMBERSHIP
Three Kinds of Katipunan
members:
- first grade ( katipon )
-Anak ng Bayan
- Rizal
- Gom-Bur-Za
How to be recognized each other
- In the streets, a member, upon meeting another member,
would place the palm of his right hand on his breast, and as he
passed the other member he would close his hand
and bring his
index finger and his thumb together.
THE KALAYAAN
Bonifacio and Jacinto believed that a printing press was
needed to easily propagate their revolutionary ideas.
The organization had no money to purchase a printing
machine
Candido Iban and Francisco del Castillo
-Two Visayan patriots from Kalibo, Capiz
-gave the Katipunan the money to purchase a printing press
-won one thousand pesos in a lottery
The printing press
-was worth four hundred pesos
-once transferred to the house of Bonifacio
Jacinto purchased some templates for the Katipunan
newspaper (other templates were stolen from a Spanish printing
press)
Ulpiano Fernandez and Faustino Duque
-Two experienced printers
-both Katipuneros
-managed the press
Dr. Pio Valenzuela
-Suggested the name of the newspaper, KALAYAAN
Kalayaan
-Came out in the middle of March 1896
-written in Tagalog
Chap
ter
11
THE CRY OF
PUGADLAWIN
MARTIAL LAW
Revolutionary flame spread to the following places:
-provinces of Central Luzon and Southern Tagalog of Cavite,
Laguna, and Batangas
August 30 -Governor-general Ramon Blanco issued a decree to
prevent the spread of the revolution
First eight provinces which rose in arms:
-Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Batangas, Bulacan, Pampanga, Tarlac
and Nueva Eciija (placed under martial law)
Blancos policy and attraction
-stated that those who surrender within forty-eight hours after
the decrees publication wont be tried by military court.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela and his companions took advantage of
this decree and so they surrendered.
PERSECUTION CONTINUES
The suspects in Manila and other provinces were punished
even without trial
Heads of families were shipped to the Caroline in the Pacific
and in Africa
Fort Santiago was packed with hundreds of prisoners, most
of them were INNOCENT
Many died when Pasig River entered the lower portion of
the cell while others died due to suffocation
Luis R. Yangco
-One of the wealthy Filipinos who were arrested for allegation
with the Katipunan
In Bulacan, the Spaniards massacred many people
September 4, 1896
-Four Katipuneros were executed in Bagumbayan Field (now part
of Rizal Park)
September 12, 1896
RIZALS EXECUTION
Since 1892- Rizal had been in Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte
In 1896- He asked permission from the government to go to Cuba
as a military surgeon
Rizal was in a Spanish cruiser when the revolution broke
out
He refused to be saved by revolutionaries and then he
transferred to the streamer
Sailing on the way to Cuba, Rizal was ordered to return to
Manila
Fort Santiago- where Rizal was imprisoned
Rizal was helped by a Spanish military lawyer
The military court did not listen to his arguments and he
was then sentenced to be shot to death
People who appealed to the governor-general for Rizals
pardon:
-Rizals parents, brothers, sisters
Another appeal was made to the Minister of War in Spain
but it was not granted
December 30, 1896
-Rizal was executed early in the morning
Rizals execution
-emboldened the Filipinos to fight for their country
BIAK-NA-BATO REPUBLIC
Primo de Rivera
-failed to win over the Filipinos back to Spain.
Before July or early in July -Aguinaldo established the Biak-naBato Republic (a republican government)
Felix Ferrer and Isabelo Artacho
-copied word for word the Cuban Constitution of
Jimanguayu, except for one article
Constitution in its Preamble
-declared the aim of the Revolution as the separation of the
Philippines from the Spain
Article VIII (not found in the Constitution of Jimanguayu)
-Tagalog will be the official language of the Republic
November 1
-the Constitution was approved
Officers elected were:
President:
Andres Bonifacio
Vice President:
Mariano Trias
Secretary of Foreign Affairs:
Antonio
Montenegro
Secretary of the Interior:
Isabelo Artacho
Secretary of War:
Emiliano Riego
de Dios
Secretary of the Treasury:
Baldomero
A
DETAILED SUMMARY
IN CHAPTER 10-11
IN
PHILIPPINE HISTORY I
Submitted by:
Pastoril, Julie Marie D.
Submitted to:
Mr. Jovanni Villacora