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Senator Wayne and Richard Grayson had been working together to uncover President Jack
Napier and his cabinets scam. Wayne believes in a strong Congress, so we can assume that
Wayne also strongly believes that each section of government has their own powers over another.
He believes that Congress should make certain discretions and decisions and that the President
should understand his limit of power as an executive officer. According to Article II of the United
States Constitution, the President has the right to exercise certain powers; which included, at one
point, the power to impound funds that he saw fit. But, if Napier was taking taxpayer dollars and
putting it into the Federal Reserve, without the knowledge of Congress, could he still exercise
that power? According to Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, it is well within the right of
Congress to have certain enumerated powers such as, to levy taxes and regulate commerce
and compel state compliance with national policy (7). The legislative branch has certain
authority that can be exercised to protect the common welfare of the United States. Should the
President exercise any task like declaring war, or bringing up a bill and putting it into law;
Congress will have to be notified and approve of the actions that the President takes before it can
be implemented. The President is allowed to make a decision without Congress if he must take
immediate action. In The Prize Cases, the newly elected President Lincoln had to consequently
deal with the result of the Civil War and recognize the Confederate states as a separate nation. He
had ordered a blockade at a naval port and impound warships without fomerly declaring war.
Congress had asked whether it was appropriate to do so without discussing the decision. It was
later deemed appropriate and constitutional, because not only did he take action for the welfare
of his countrymen, but he had prevented the country from falling apart. The President should
only be allowed to exercise his power when there is a need to take immediate action. President
Napier had taken money from taxpayers and diverted in the Federal Reserve and had tried

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conducting his own operations within his administration and without the knowledge of Congress.
Congress has the right to act accordingly and and question him and his administrations actions,
the administration includes Chief of Staff, Harley Quinn 1 and White House Special Counsel,
Edward Nygma.
Congress has the right, within their power, to act against the President when the common welfare
of the United States is being threatened. Senator Wayne believes that President Napier and his
administration threaten the United States by taking tax money from taxpayers and put it into the
Federal Reserve (run by Chief Oswald Cobblepot,) and exercises immediate action by opening
up an investigation. Lets assume that the special Subcommittee, Bank fraud Affecting Tax
Methods and Assessing Norms (BATMAN) is a new investigative department that majority of
Congress is familiar with. BATMAN is lead by majority leader Bruce Wayne, and he begins the
investigation by questioning Harley Quinn and Edward Nygma about the recent firings of two
U.S. attorneys James Gordon and Barbara Gordon 2; when they had refused to be questioned and
the acknowledgment of the warrant, Wayne filed a lawsuit against Quinn and held her in
contempt. Attorney General Selina Kyle had refused to recognize Quinns contempt, Wayne files
suit against Kyle and orders her to enforce the contempt citation.
Lets assume that Wayne was in his right to question Quinn in the first place. He and the
Subcommittee and investigated fraudulent behaviour and had gathered reasonable evidence to
provide a warrant for questioning. For Congress, the power to investigate is an implied power.
The ability for Congress to exercise this power is still up for debate today, because the way that
something is being questioned can run really close to the white line. Even if Wayne had
1 Harley Quinns real name is Dr. Harleen Frances Quinzel M.D.
Her name is suppose to be a play on word for harlequin

2 Barbara and James Gordon are daughter and father. Barbara is batgirl.

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discovered reasonable evidence to file a subpoena against Quinn, could any Subcommittee of
Congress ..summon a witness and punish, hold in contempt, those who do not cooperate with
the investigating body? (152). Was Wayne allowed to hold Kyle in contempt for not enforcing
the contempt order? According to McGrain v. Daugherty 273 U.S. 135 (1927), Congress was
given auxiliary power to investigate. In regards to the plaintiff, it is the power of each House of
Congress to investigate ...in aid of legislative functions and to compel the attendance of
witnesses and the production of materials that may throw light upon the subject of inquiry.
(153) To prove this, Justice van Devanter had denied McGrains motion and said that Congress 3
had the right to conduct investigations that are ...necessary and proper. So, because it was
never implied that Congress was excused from being investigated and that BATMAN had a
legislative purpose to question Quinn; Kyle is now obligated to enforce contempt upon Quinn.
Therefore, Wayne was obligated to investigate Quinns firing of attorneys.
Now Quinn is obligated to answer BATMANs summons, so now what? When Wayne is
questioning Quinn concerning the firing of U.S. attorneys James and Barbara Gordon, What if
Quinn had not directly involved in the firings? What if she had no knowledge of them to begin
with? Quinn fails to answer questions from Congress, and is held in contempt, again. Quinn had
accepted the allegations of being involved in fraudulent investigations, that concluding to spying
on other parties and diverting tax dollars, but she believed that she was not obligated to answer
questions because they were not in the general scope of the fraud investigation. Initiating Quinn
to pleading the Fifth against answering the questions regarding the attorneys and demanded Due
Process. Chief Justice Pennyworth reviews the motion that Quinn filed. In another preceding
case, Watkins v. United States 354 U.S. 178 (1957), a labor union official was brought into
3 Includes House and Senate

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questioning when someone accused him of being a Communist. Watkins (the official) appeared
before court and had pleaded the Fifth Amendment, claiming that the scope of the questioning
was irrelevant to the committees investigation at that time. Chief Justice Warren had wrote
majority of the opinion, ending it with: ...in part of the House and Senate in authorizing the use
of compulsory process and by their committees in exercising that power would suffice.if it
serves to uphold the principles of limited, constitutional government without constricting the
power of the Congress to inform self. Reversed and Remanded. (161) In all like Watkins, Quinn
had not determined her obligation and was denied due process. Justice Pennyworth believed that
the questions involving the attorneys were relevant to the investigations and she was obligated to
answer. Quinn of course was not happy, because she was part of the executive branch, Wayne
had agreed to hold her in jail until the investigations were over and then begin sentencing.
Edward Nygma is not only angry that Quinn was in jail, but was angry that BATMAN was given
too much power into these investigations. Nygma knew that Wayne was head of the
investigations, so he filed suit against Wayne. Nygma45 questioned Waynes and BATMANs
authority to carry out an investigation against the cabinet and the administration. When Wayne
was questioned, he referred back to McGrain and said that this justifies BATMANs obligation to
investigate fraudulent behaviour and the firings of U.S. attorneys. Nygma had claimed that there
was a proper investigation done and that both the attorneys that were fired had refused to follow
up on the bi-partisan investigations that they were conducting. Wayne objected to this, claim
that Congress has the power to conduct investigations; not the executive administration that and
that their investigations with bi-partisan parties were unconstitutional for the executive branch

4 Was played by Jim Carrey in the 90s, would be cool if Neil Patrick Harris played him.
5 Known as The Riddler the greatest puzzle to him, who is behind Batman.

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to even conduct investigations against other parties. It should be up to the responsibility of
Congress. Chief Justice Pennyworth affirmed in favor of Wayne and proceeded to question
Nygma. Nygma had accepted the allegations of fraudulent behaviour and for the involvment of
firing the attorneys. Nygma was jailed with Quinn until further review from the court and
sentencing.
Dick Grayson is an active political colleague of Senator Bruce Wayne, and is the head of the
non-profit organization Ridding Officials who Believe In Nothing (ROBIN). ROBIN specializes
in exposing corruption in the political system, mainly the Napier administration that has been
stealing taxpayers dollar. ROBIN files a complaint against the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) for stealing public funds for personal financial interest. That complaint had
concluding Napiers administration, Cobblepot, and Max Shreck (CEO of EOG, the largest
financial institution). But because ROBIN lacks standing in the investigations, SEC dismiss the
complaint. ROBIN files the complaint again and asks for the Court to investigate SEC and the
allegations. Quinn and Nygma are in jail for contempt and for admitting the fraud, so it gives
ROBIN a little bit of relief when the court complies. But ROBIN lacks a standing to sue in the
first place, so what does Grayson do now? ROBIN decides to file a declaratory of judgment in
the federal district court, Title 34 U.S.C Section 137. A declaration judgment is a court ruling
determining a legal right or interpretation of the law, but not imposing any relief or remedy.
(714) Yet, how could a non-profit organization file a civil suit to the federal courts? Will it be
possible for ROBIN to be able to impose the suit against Napiers administration? Lets assume
that ROBIN had answered to SECs response and proclaimed the sixth and seventh Amendments.
The Sixth Amendment states that one has the right to a trial, to retain a counsel, a jury, and the
right to obtain witnesses in court. The Seventh Amendment states that one has the right to have a

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trial by jury according to common law. The SEC finds this amusing and accepts ROBINs
challenge, this is brought to court and observed in with certain guidelines. First off, since ROBIN
is challenging a federal administration, they will hold trial in the federal court without a jury. The
court will also not require any witnesses to testify. With the allegations against Napier and his
administration, including the investigations with Harley Quinn and Edward Nygma, ROBIN has
an advantage against SEC and uses recent evidence obtained and presents it in court. The Court
observes both sides of the argument and conclusively deliberates for sometime. Upon the final
sentencing of SEC, Napier, Quinn, and Nygma, the Justice has decided to refer to the preceding
case, United States v. Nixon 418 U.S. 683 (1974), in this case, Senate began an investigation
when the Democratic National Committee headquarters at Watergate was broken into June 17,
1972; upon arrest, FBI had discovered that the buglers were either tied to the White House or the
Committee to Re-Elect President Nixon. But Nixon and the administration had denied that he
was involved in the scandal. So, the Senate had investigated further and had discovered from
witnesses that the President had install a recording system in the Oval Office. A U.S. attorney,
Archibald Cox, had asked Nixon for the tapes, yet he denied access to the tapes. The Court
granted Cox a warrant for the tapes; Nixon had agreed to give them summaries but refused to
hand over the tapes to the court. In return, Cox filed for subpoena duces tecum, which is the
ultimate subpoena. Nixon had claimed that executive privilege is inherent in the executive
power meaning that the president has ultimate control and cannot be accused with a civil
discrepancy. But the Court had dissented and claimed that the President is not completely above
the law and should not use his privilege to withhold criminal evidence. Chief Justice Burger had
quoted within his opinion that ...the twofold aim [of criminal justice] is that guilt shall not
escape or innocence suffer. (227)

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The Court had review ROBIN v. SEC. ROBIN had alleged that Napier and SEC were using
public funds for their personal interest and were able to show proper evidence in the court. SEC
had denied every allegation the ROBIN had presented to the Court. SEC had claimed earlier that
ROBIN had no grounds to sue them. After reviewing further, the Court had affirmed declaration
judgement. The Court had referred back to U.S. v. Nixon and had said that Napier was not above
the law and cannot use his executive privilege to withhold evidence, divert taxpayers funds, and
fire U.S. attorneys with false evidence. According to Humphreys Executor v. United States, the
President does not have the right to remove an appointed person from office, nor does he have
the right to remove an attorney without the counsel of Congress. The Court voted in favor of
BATMAN and ROBIN. The Court decided to further review the sentencing and placed
Cobblepot and Shrek in jail. Napier is faced with being taken to trial for fraud and other
allegations; so, rather than face impeachment, Napier resigns from office.

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Work Cited
Epstein, Lee, and Thomas G. Walker. Constitutional Law for a Changing America: Institutional
Powers and Constraints. 7th edition. Washington D.C.: CQ Press, 2011. Print.