Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
CITY
AS
LIVING
LABORATORY
Mary Miss & Marda Kirn
CITY AS LIVING LAB
VISION
SOCIAL
SUSTAINABILITY Artists
Scientists CITY
Poets
ENVIRONMENTAL
Engineers AS
SUSTAINABILITY
COLLABORATION AND THE ARTS
Sociologists
LIVING
Performers LABORATORY
ECONOMIC Framework for a 21st Century City
SUSTAINABILITY Historians
Designers
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
VISION
City as Living Laboratory (CaLL) is a vision for linking the arts with sustainability to help us imagine and create cities
that redefine how we live our lives, use our resources, communicate, educate, and work.
GOALS
● To make SUSTAINABILITY TANGIBLE and visible for citizens, communities and institutions
● To EDUCATE the public about environmental, social and economic sustainability
● To stimulate ECONOMIC VITALITY in our neighbohoods and city-wide
● To ADDRESS CRISES in our cities such as environmental degradation, neighborhood blight, crumbling
infrastructure, and natural disasters
CRITICAL ISSUES
● NATURAL SYSTEMS can be made evident in local and regional contexts
● INFRASTRUCTURE can be revealed and given visual expression
● SOCIAL PROGRAMS can connect neighborhoods with their environment, culture, history, and each other
IMPLEMENTATION
● SCALE - a city’s large-scale sustainability initiatives can be expressed through smaller-scale projects
● RESOURCES - collaborative arts projects can partner with existing programs and institutions
● TIME - arts projects can happen immediately with fewer resources
● SPACE - arts projects can be integrated into the physical and virtual spaces of a city
PROGRAM TYPES
● PLACES - such as community gardens, parks, abandoned lots, infrastructure sites
● EVENTS - performances, festivals, exhibits, talks, tours, fairs, feasts, films
● TOPICS - land, water, transportation, energy, air, climate change, etc.
CONCLUSION
● CITY AS LIVING LABORATORY can help make ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, ECONOMIC sustainability
integral to all communities of a city
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
GOALS
EDUCATION
Educating the public about environmental, social, and economic sustainability is an important part of this program’s mission. Whether
focusing on environmental issues or learning about the history of a place, citizens will be able to enjoy a city where education is
approached in a very unique way. Rather than the conventional use of interpretive signage or directives, educational experiences will
engage people through the creative work of artists and designers.
ECONOMIC VITALITY
Sustainability is an economic mandate for both the public and private sector. Its focus on long term value is good business. City econo-
mies can benefit from sustainability in many ways such as increased private investment on the creation of new jobs. Innovation is the
critical driver. Artists are a ready source of entrepreneurial capital and innovation in our cities.
ADDRESSING CRISIS
The City as Living Laboratory program can also serve as a means to address sudden crises, educating citizens about how to deal with
the unexpected, whether it be severe water shortages, an energy crisis, flooding, fires or hurricanes. Innovative solutions can be tested
for problems that have been occurring more frequently recently as a result of the unsustainable practices that have taken a toll on our
natural and urban environments.
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
GOALS
PRECEDENTS Uncle Tom’s Cabin The Jungle Guernica Burn on Big River Burn on Angels in America Still Here The Last Wilderness
1852 1906 1937 1972 1992 1994 2004
Novelist & Abolitionist Writer / Social Critic Painter Musician/Song-writer Playwright Choreographer Photographer
Harriet Beecher Stowe Upton Sinclair Pablo Picaso Randy Newman Tony Kushner Bill T. Jones Subhankar Banerjee
EFFECTS The novel so ignited The novel prompted The mural has The song galvanized the The Broadway The dance work The photo used in
RESULTS public discussion Theodore Roosevelt become emblematic city’s efforts to clean up play helped to helped to focus the Senate to stop
about slavery and its to pass the Meat of the tragedies and the polluted Cuyahoga shift public opinion attention on drilling in the Artic
possible abolition that Regulation Act which horrors of war River, which helped about AIDS and people with life National Wildlife
Abraham Lincoln helped establish the inflicted on individu- inspire the creation of homophobia. threatening Refuge (ANWR)
called it “the little book Food and Drug als and innocent the Clean Water Act. diseases.
that started the Civil Administration. civilians.
War.”
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
ARTISTS AND COLLABORATION
Artists, designers and other visualizers can play a significant role as catalysts for
environmental, social and economic sustainability.
Through collabortaion artist can identify and re-examine issues to be addressed. They can create new partnerships across disciplinary, departmental, and institu-
tional lines. They can refocus existing resources to achieve common goals. They can create solutions in temporary and permanent projects, programs and infra-
structure. They can encourage the involvement of all citizens and inspire the personal and political will to create revitalized, sustainable cities.
Experimental City
where new ideas can be
sound investigated and tested
scientists
temporary touch
planners
visual artists
literary artists
performers + engineers
sociologists
historians
+ permanent
conceptual
virtual
+ taste
smell
sight
= Experiential City
where sustainability is made tangible
through the arts
Evolving City
where issues of our times can
be expressed
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
CRITICAL ISSUES
NATURAL SYSTEMS
INFRASTRUCTURE
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
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CRITICAL ISSUES
EXAMPLES / OPPORTUNITIES
Air Quality Test Sites Water Treatment Plants Traces of History Video
Environmental Artist & as Public Places Installations at Transit Stops
REGION Air Quality Specialist Artist & Engineers Video Artist & Historian
BOROUGH Sustainable Habitat Stations & Convert City Rooftops (gardens, Historical & Folk Music
Monitoring/Surveillance Sites planted trellises, or solar panels) Traditions Concert
Film-maker & Ecologist Artist & Landscape Architect Musicians & Historians
NEIGHBORHOOD
Water Quality Test Sites Neighborhood Energy Neighborhood Culture
Landscape Architect & Ecologist Measuring Billboards Front-yard Showcase
Urban designer & Power Company Set Designer & Local Residents
BLOCK
Permeable pathways & Revealing Underground Ancestry & Immigration Maps
Storm-water Habitat creation Utility Infrastructure Public Exhibition
Visual Artist & Hydrologist Lighting Designer & Civil Engineer Web-designer & Anthropologist
STREET
Geologic/Climatic
History Installations Rush-hour/Dance-hour Puppet Show Exercise Hour
Visual Artist & Geologist Dancers & Traffic Control Specialist Puppeters & Fitness Trainers
BUILDING
Micro-Climate Street-Level Building Metric Markers Eating Healthy
Landscape Rooms Graphic Designer & Organic Garden Paths
Interior Designer & Botanist Environmenatal Engineer Landscape Artist & Dietician
INDIVIDUAL
Seasonal Blooms Plays The Death and Life of Sustainable Story-telling hour
Actors & Forestry Experts Great American Cities: Part 2 Poets & Grade Schools
Essayist/Writers and Urban Planners
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CRITICAL ISSUES
collaboration precedent: Artist + Hydrologist
n NATURAL SYSTEMS
CONNECT THE DOTS (2007)
Boulder, Colorado
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CRITICAL ISSUES
collaboration precedent: Artist + Engineers
i INFRASTRUCTURE
Arlington County Water Treatment Plant (2003-2005)
Arlington, Virginia
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CRITICAL ISSUES
collaboration precedent: Artist + Landscape Architect + Plant Specialist
s SOCIAL PROGRAMS
Roshanara’s Net (2008)
New Delhi, India
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
IMPLEMENTATION
SCALE
RESOURCES
TIME
SPACE
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IMPLEMENTATION
SCALE
Small-scale arts projects can communicate a city’s plans for large-scale initiatives.
LARGE-SCALE INITIATIVES
The energy, transportation, infrastructure and other needs of cities can be met through a political process that implements planning, program and policy
Large-scale initiatives through broad moves.
● Utility infrastructure sites need to be more energy efficient.
Initiatives ● Air quality needs to be improved significantly.
● Waste leaving the city needs to be reduced.
● Neighborhoods need to be revitalized.
PLANNING
Dance & Sociology
Art & Ecology
PROGRAM
Planning & Sculpture
Horticulture & Urban Design
POLICY
Anthropology & Architecture
Small-scale
Hydrology & Performing Arts Projects
SMALL-SCALE INTERVENTIONS
Sustainability initiatives can be made apparent and meaningful to individual citizens through small-scale collaborative arts projects that they encounter
in their daily lives. Artists and designers can create a series of interventions throughout the city that can start immediately.
● Infrastructure sites can be transformed into public places to make people aware of the systems that support their lives.
● Pedestrians can be made aware of all the buildings they pass that have green roofs.
● Bio-swales can be made visible on median strips or in parks that clean street runoff water.
● The history of a neighborhood can be revealed.
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IMPLEMENTATION
RESOURCES
Arts projects can be implemented through collaborations with existing institutions and existing programs.
Sustainable cities can be achieved through refocusing existing programs, institutions and resources to address common goals. Cultural, civic, and
educational institutions, businesses and neighborhood groups can participate. If each can undertake to support a single project, over an extended
period of time the city can be transformed one small step at a time.
Cultural programs
Studio in a School
Creative Time
Design Trust for Public Space
Public Art Fund
Community Programs
Neighborhood Associations
Churches, Temples, Mosques
Business Improvement Districts
Soup Kitchens
Cultural Institutions Senior Citizens center
Museums YMCA/ YWCA
Existing Programs & Places Zoos Big Brothers & Sisters
Botanical Gardens
Aquariums
City Departments
Transit
Resources Utilitities
Existing Institutions Educational Institutions Sanitation
& Partners Parks
Universities/Colleges
Public Schools Community Boards
Private Schools Housing and Preservation
Environmental Protection
Health & Human Services
Design and Construction
Economic Development
Artists can help communicate a city’s plans for the future within a relatively short period of time.
Planning, program and policy initiatives have long range goals and often take years if not decades to implement. In the first 10 years, smaller-scale interventions
created by artists and designers in collaboration with others can happen almost immediately and with fewer resources. As such, they can have an important role
by creating an interim presence for projects that will take years to complete. These interventions could engage a community’s interest and participation around
an issue. New ways of thinking about sustainability can be introduced while announcing a city’s long term intention to create change. Issues of environmental
and social justice can be addressed making an immediate impact on underserved communities.
Sustainable
City WATER Gain access to waterfronts, improve quality, reduce consumption
Arts projects can be integrated into the physical and virtual environments of the city.
In this way, the face of the city can be transformed as sustainability projects are implemented in multiple venues.
Public Spaces
Building Facades
Lobbies
Atrium
Doorways
Infrastructural Spaces Store Fronts
Physical Spaces Transit Stops
Roofs
Transit Stations
Under Bridges and Elevated Roads
Sidewalks
Water Bodies
Parks
Drainage Systems
Plazas
Manholes
Community Gardens
Power Plants
Institutional Spaces Waste Plants
Museums
Zoos
Botanical Gardens
Where can Other
this happen? Municipal Websites
Mobile Devices
GPS Devices
E-commerce Sites Blogs
Craig’s List
E-Bay
Amazon
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE
TOPIC
EVENT
PLAN
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE
TOPIC
EVENT
PLAN
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE: Hunters Point
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE: Hunters Point
Arts projects can be inserted into all construction phases during the making of and on-going occupation of a place.
Project construction phases for Hunters Point South Housing Plan
DEMOLITION & SITE WORK SUB-STRUCTURE STRUCTURE SKIN & MATERIALS SERVICES & TECHNOLOGY ON-GOING OCCUPATION
TEMPORARY
PROJECTS
PERMANENT
PROJECTS
VIRUTAL
PROJECTS
CONCEPTUAL
PROJECTS
Arts projects can be implemented through collaborations with existing institutions and programs
Organizations Schools
20. Architecture For Humanity 17. Information Technology High School 12
21. Green Home NYC 18. Long Island City School of Ballet
22. Not An Alternative 19. Public School 78 Local Resources for Hunters Points South
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE
TOPIC
EVENT
PLAN
n NATURAL SYSTEMS
BEACONPOINT AT LONG DOCK (2007)
Beacon, NY / Artist: George Trakas
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PROGRAM TYPES
TOPIC: Industrial History
s SOCIAL PROGRAMS
MOTORNAMA ROSHANARA (2008)
New Delhi, India / Artist: Ashok Sukuman & Shaina Anand
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PROGRAM TYPES
TOPIC: Roadways
i INFRASTRUCTURE
RUMBLE STRIP TRIP (2005)
New York, NY / Urban Designer: Petia Morosov
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE
TOPIC
EVENT
PLAN
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PROGRAM TYPES
EVENT: Boulder
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PROGRAM TYPES
EVENT: New Delhi
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PROGRAM TYPES
EVENT: San Diego & Tijuana
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLACE
TOPIC
EVENT
PLAN
On Earth Day 2007, New York City published PlaNYC, a report outlining a long-term strategy of sustainability for the City. The plan set forth a variety of initiatives
in categories such as land, water, transportation, energy, air and climate change. While many projects such as improving water and air quality have benefits that
affect everyone in the City, they are largely invisible to the public. Through the City as Living Laboratory, artists can help identify opportunities to reveal these
efforts to people throughout the City.
LAND PROJECTS
HOUSING
OPEN SPACE
BROWNFIELDS
WATER PROJECTS
CITY WATER QUALITY
AS WATER NETWORK
LIVING
LABORATORY TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS
City Sustainability Initiatives
framework for a 21st century city CONGESTION
OTHERS PROJECTS
n i s ENERGY
AIR QUALITY
CLIMATE CHANGE
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PROGRAM TYPES
PLAN: PlaNYC 2030
LAND PROJECTS
HOUSING
OPEN SPACE
BROWNFIELDS
WATER PROJECTS
WATER QUALITY
WATER NETWORK
TRANSPORTATION
PROJECTS
CONGESTION
STATE OF GOOD
REPAIR
OTHERS PROJECTS
ENERGY
LEGEND
AIR QUALITY
Infrastructure Projects
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
CONCLUSION
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CITY AS LIVING LAB
CREDITS
Artist Mary Miss has been redefining how art is integrated into the public realm since the Mary Miss & Marda Kirn
early 1970s. She is interested in how artists can play a central role in addressing the
complex issues of our times. Collaboration has been essential in Miss’ work, which crosses
boundaries between landscape architecture, architecture, and urban design. Miss has
worked with historians, hydrologists, and botanists on projects as diverse as marking the
predicted flood level of Boulder, Colorado, or revealing the history of the Union Square Contributors:
Subway station in New York City. Phanat Xanamane, Mary Miss Studio
Joseph McGrath, Mary Miss Studio
Mary Miss has won numerous awards, including the 2001 New York Masterworks Award, the Scott Johnson
Centennial Medal from the American Academy in Rome in 2001, and an Honorary Doctorate Judy Hussie-Taylor
Degree from Washington University in 2000. She has been a Guggenheim Fellow, a Rennie Tang
Resident Artist at the American Academy in Rome and a recipient of several New York State
Council on the Arts grants and NEA grants.
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