Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
by
G. C Mudd and
J.
M. France
Synopsis
AUTHORS:
DR. GEORGE MUDD is Director of engineering ,at
D'avd Brown Gear Industries, Huddersfie.ld, England. He
has a B. Sc, C. Eng., ,and MI. Mechanical Engineering
degrees. He b.egan his career in 1951 in Design, moving in
J953 to ReseaT,ch and D.evelopment with particular emphasis on the fundamental' natu~e of gear tooth faUure in all
applications.
MR...J. M. fRANCE Joined David Brown Gear Industries
in 1974 after spending eight years in the Airframe industry.
Mr. Brown holds a' B. Sc. and has worked in uarious sections of the Engineering Divisio.n including geAr devel'opment testing. Currently he is superoisor of a specialist section dealing with gear techno.rogy.
to II
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October-November 1,9847'
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21
Fig. 3
Gear Technology
investigated.
Previous work (Ref. 8) has indicated that the limiting contact stress for gears is a function of the dimensionless parameter - relative radius of curvature/module
(~/mn)' This parameter has been used in the presentation of the theoretical
results and good correlation was again found. This is shown
in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.
In the case of surface hardened gears, a further complication is introduced by the possible variation incasedepth. The
actualcasedepth
used on a gear may be chosen for geometrical, or economic reasons, or as a limitation of the process
Va'I'ue of
Ho
400
.:li:
200
'0
.s:.
tOO
I::)
200
II
3011
,400
500
'SOlI
H rdn.utl
t .
I.
7,00
100
100
Fig. 5
when.
o- Hoe f( =endurance
Value of Za
1.11 ,
0.',
Ze
= casedepth
factor
factor
0.7
Experiment<d Results
0.11
Disc Resul:ts
Disc results we presented as Hertzian stresses at the failu_re
load calculated from:
" HD =
when
used to define:
a) A 1irniting depth' (i.e. the ,effective casedepth beyond
which a further increase in casedepth does not produce
further increase in failure IGad) ,and
b) The reduction in failure load resul'ting from effective
easedepths less than. the lliniting depth. This applies in
particular to large module nitrided gears where the 1imlting casedepth cannot normally be achieved.
The limiting depths were found to be:
8171'v140 induction
Effective easedepth is defined as the depth at which the hardness falls, below sao !iV. The value of 0.16 x normal module
for carburised and hardened steel was found to be remark-
(1
--+-rl
width of disc
1)'
Il'
Young's modulus
Poisson's ratio
fl,r1
'I
Z,g '04
hardened
b1t
C8sede,pth ,Factor
hardened
722M2A nitride hardened
I_F_- -
'V
limiting Casedepth
655M13 carburisedand
'0""-----=0.'="1--.,.="4:- .. -~OoI:O:c--":1oer::-_
Actu.l~~,
'IJmI1:l1lll1
~h
--,
....
.0:----' ...
1-
Fig. 7
October-'I\I'ovember1984
9'
IExperimentatand
:1
lU
~
""'
]
NO
'"
M
a
Batch
No.
"a
Batch
Size
Pacewidlh
PaIlUR
Type
I
:l ..
101
Utl, .. ,H.
2'01
]01'
Hordn ...
'5~'
7GO
III
Powu':HP
648
Bending
700'
648,
O.S
Pimo.n
Bending
3M
3141
'O.S
Wheel
Bending
359
k s "
lOa
Pinion
Bending
TheorelicaJ Power
Capacity from
HTZ'-HP
Te$t
Failure
647
]00
'~';;
Pinion
H"
Fig. 8
Pinion
Pitting
330
I
1047
1'------ 96S
,FIg. 9
The results are shown graphically in Fig. 8 with the theoretical result from HTZ for comparison.
Gea~ Circulatol!' Tests
In parallel, with the theoretical analysis, a number of gear
circulator tests have been performed. The firsttests were to
investigate the eff,ect of the manufacturing process on tooth
root bending stress. For example, grinding after heat treatment tends to reduce the compressive residual stress at the
surface; shot-peening 'tends to produce compressive residual
stress at the surface. These results have been used for comparison with the theoretical bending results from HTZ.
Before the test result can be used to calculate a bending
stress, however, it is necessary to know the ratio of the peak
bending moment experienced by the tooth throughout the
tooth cycle, to the nominal bending moment calculated using
the AGMA inscribed parabol!a. This was achieved using a
computer program CIODA.
A description of program
CLODA, with atypical output, appears in Appendix 2. The
misalignment was assessed from no-load contact markings,
and other deviations from true involute were measured. Dynamic and surface finish effects were accounted for by factors
from a. gear rating standard internal to David Brown Gear
Industries Ltd. This gives values of dynamic factor and
roughness factors similar to ISO. Step loading was accounted
for by the use of Miners Rule.
Test Details
The tests were carried out on an. 8 inch centers gear circulator.. Torque was locked into the system by means of am
adjustable coupling, and measured using strain. gauges and
10
Gear Technology
References
1. Cheaters. W. T. "Study of the Surface Behaviour of Gear Materials with Specim.ensof Simple Form," Paper 21 Proceedings of
the International Conference on Gearing 1958..
2. Chesters, W~T. 'The EHect of Material Combination on Resistance to Surfaoe Fatigue," Paper 8 Proceedings of Institute of
Mechanical Engineers, Symposium on Fatigue in Rolling Contact 1963.
3 .. Chaney, 1. M. "Tabulation of Surface Fatigue Results," Unpublished work by David Brown Gear Industries Limited.
4. Rhodes, A. 'Theoretical Fatigue Failure Criteria Based on Correlation with Disc Results," Internal D.B.G.L Report.
S.. Jaramillo. T.J. "Deflections and Moments Due to a Concentrated Load ona Cantelever Plate of Infinite Length:' ASME Paper
No. 49-APM-15.
6. Wellauer, E. J.& Seireg, A. "Bending Strength of Gear Teeth by
Cantelever Plate Theory," ASME Paper No. 59-A.SO.
7. Various David Brown Gear Industries Ltd. internal reports.
8. Harrison, W. H. & Mudd, G. C. "Gear load Capacity Spur
and Helical Gears, Proposal for a New Worldwide Gear Rating
Procedure," Paper to BGMA meeting May 1973.
.
from C'LODA
'BAUS
A
MEAN
lj876
238485
18;
MEAN;
225824
FACE (INCHES)
1.00
115
C
MEA.N
1384.
1-------------------;50
D.IS,lANCE
~II
D
MEAN
'489'
PHASE
L.OAD IPn1ENSITY
U!l'J!H.
111,
CI.5}
F111U)I
This article was reprinted from the.A merica-n Gear Marl ufacturllr5 .As.sociaUon, Technical Paper P229.29.
OctoberNovember 1984
'11