01/11/2015

UNIVERSITYOFPLYMOUTH

UNIVERSITYOFPLYMOUTH

SCHOOLofENGINEERING

BENG3THERMAL&FLUIDSENGINEERING(THER305)

TUTORIALEXAMPLESinSTEAMPLANT

1.(a)AnidealsteamplantusestheRankinecycle.Thesteamgeneratorpressureis2MPaandthe
condenserpressureis0.004MPa.Neglectingfeedpumpwork,determinethethermalefficiencyandthe
specificworktransferfromthecycle.Whatisthedrynessfractionofthesteamatturbineexit?
[Ans:33.2%889kJ/kg0.735]

(b)Toimprovetheperformanceofthesteamplantabove,thesteamgeneratorpressureisincreasedto
4MPa.Recalculatetheefficiency,specificworkanddrynessfraction.[Ans:36.4%973kJ/kg0.701]

(c)Toimproveperformancefurtherandtoavoidthelowdrynessfraction,thesteamissuperheated
atsteamgeneratorexittoatemperatureof700C(at4MPa).Recalculatetheefficiency,specificwork
anddrynessfraction.[Ans:42.5%1608kJ/kg0.894]

2.AsteamplantistobedesignedusingtheidealRankinecyclewithsuperheat.Steamentersthe
turbinethroughapipe600mmindiameterandexpandsto0.005MPa.Inordertoproduce12MWa
massflowrateof32000kg/histobeusedandthedrynessfractionatturbineexitmustnotbelessthan
0.9.Determinethesteamgeneratorpressure,temperature,thecycleefficiencyandthevelocityofthe
steamintheinletpipe,assumingfeedpumpworkisnegligibleandchangesinPEandKEintheplantare
negligible.[Ans:2.3MPa583C38.2%5.3m/s]

3.Steamentersatwostageadiabaticturbineat4MPaand350C.Thefirststagehasanisentropic
efficiency0.84andthesecondstage0.78.Afterexpansioninthefirststageuntilthesteamis
approximatelydrysaturated(donotmakerepetitivetrialanderrorsolutions)thesteamexpandsinthe
secondstagetoacondenserpressureof0.0035MPa.Calculatethespecificworkandthecycle
efficiency,assumingsaturatedliquidcondensate.[Ans:913kJ/kg30.6%]

4.Asmallsteamturbogeneratorproduces4MWe.Theefficiencyoftheplantexpressedaselectrical
output/steamplantoutputis0.80.Thesteamgeneratorconditionsare3MPa,500Candafterexpansion
withisentropicefficiency0.9to0.2MPathesteamisreheatedto500C.Thereisafurtherexpansion
withisentropicefficiency0.9tothecondenserpressureof3kPa.Determinethesteammassflowrate,
thecycleefficiency,andthestateofthesteamatexitfromtheLP
turbine.[Ans:200kg/min.,37.4%,~40K
superheated]

5.Inanidealregenerativesteamcyclesteamissuppliedat40bardrysaturatedandexpandsto0.07
bar.Steamisbledat3.6barandmixedadiabatically(atequalpressure)withtheplantcondensate.The
resultantmixtureatthesaturationtemperatureispumpedtotheboiler.Calculatethecycleefficiencyand
themassofsteambledperunitmassflowthroughthe
boiler.[Ans:37.2%0.192]

6.Asteamplantusestwoturbineswithreheatingbetweenthem.Theisentropicefficiencyofboth
turbinesis0.8.Thesteamleavesthesteamgeneratorat6MPa,550oCandexpandsto0.5MPa.Reheatat
thispressureraisesthetemperatureto500Cbeforeexpansioninthesecondturbineto0.004MPa.The
steamflowrateis4.8kg/s.Determinethepoweroutputandthermalefficiencyofthe
plant.[Ans:6.69MW35.6%]

http://www.tech.plym.ac.uk/sme/ther305web/Steamtut.htm

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