ANTONSOSHINSKII,YOUSEFALHAMMAM

R00119656

CONCRETEASSIGNMENT

ARCH6056TechnologyMaterialsandStructure2

March19,2015

LISTOFCONTENTS

1. Introduction
1.1.Whatisconcrete
1.2.Discussionthehistoricdevelopmentofconcreteandconcretetechnology
1.3.Introductionandexplanationofbuildingdesign
structuralsystem
enclosingsystem
overallappearance/aesthetic

2.Structure
2.1.Designandillustrationstructuralsystem
2.2.Columnlocations,spacing,structuralgrid
2.3.Girders,beams
2.4.Floor/roofslab
2.5.Approximationsizes,thicknessofcomponents
2.6.Highlightingloadbearingelements
2.7.Discussiontheprinciplesofframe,loadbearing
2.8.Clearlyillustrationandexplainingthestructuralsystem
2.9.Clearlyillustrationandexplainingtheloadpaths

3.Enclosure
3.1.Designandillustrationtheconcreteskinsystem
3.2.Illustrationskinmakeupandconnection,explainingallsystemsused
3.3.Highlightingnonloadbearingelements
3.4.Explainingallsystemsusedforroof
3.5.Discussiontheprinciplesofenclosure(loadbearing,nonloadbearing)

4.Conclusion
4.1.Justificatingbuildingdesign
4.2.Selectionofthissystem
4.3.Selectionofthisskin
4.4.Buildingstructureandskinsatisfybuildingregulationsandrequirementsforfire
resistance

INTRODUCTION

Concrete
isacompositematerialcomposedmainlyof
water
,
aggregate(rock,sandorgravel)
,
and
c ement
.Often,additivesandreinforcements(suchasrebar)areincludedinthemixtureto
achievethedesiredphysicalpropertiesofthefinishedmaterial.Whentheseingredientsare
mixedtogether,theyformafluidmassthatiseasilymoldedintoshape.Overtime,thecement
formsahardmatrixwhichbindstherestoftheingredientstogetherintoadurablestonelike
materialwithmanyuses.

HistoricaldevelopmentofConcrete

ConcretefirstdevelopedbytheRomansinthethirdcenturyBC.Theystarttomixvolcanicash
withlimemortar,sandandgravelmudtogetahardsubstancesimilartoconcrete.However,
afterthefalloftheRomanEmpirepeopletendtobuildwithstone,whichledtotheignoranttothe
cementmaterial.(fig.1.1)

Inthe1700sconcretetechnologytookahugedevelopmentbytheEnglishengineerSmeaton,
whowaslookingforabuildingmaterialthatwouldnotbeadverselyaffectedbywater.He
discoveredin1774quicklimemadehardercement.Anotherdevelopmentbyhimwhenhe
realisedthatthecalcinationsoflimestonethatcontainclayproducedhydrauliclime,limethat
hardensunderwater.SmeatonsworkledtomorewidespreadofconcretethroughoutEngland.
(fig.1.2)

Inthe19thcenturywitnessedarapidadvanceinconcretetechnologyallovertheworld.Oneof
themostimportantadvancementhappenedin1824whenEnglishbricklayernamedJoseph
Aspdinlearnedthatburningfinelygroundchalkwithdividedclayinalimekilnproduceda
cementthatmuchharderthanthepreviouslyusedcrunchedlimestonecement,whichcalled
Portlandcementandstillusedintheseuntilthesedays.

fig.1.1

fig.1.2

CasaCSHouse

CSHousebyPitagorasArquitectorsisathreestoreymodernhouselocatedinPortugal.The
houseismostlydoneinwhiteconcrete.(fig.1.3)Itisorganisedupsidedown.Thesecondflooris
situatedatstreetlevelandcontaintheentranceandthegarage.Thefirstfloorwhereisthe
privatespacesarewhilethegroundfloorisforsocialspaces.Allfloorsarehaveglassywalls
withcoveredoruncoveredverandasandpatiosthatareclosedofforopentothelandscape,
whichmeantakingadvantageofthedaylight.Thehousefeaturingwithlargeopening,using
differentiatingmaterialsandcontractinghollows.(fig.1.4)Thehouseisadorestothelandwiththe
objectiveofdefeatingitsslope.Thishouselocatedonatopofhillwhichgivesperfectlooktothe
townandcontainswimmingpool.However,thishouseappearancelooklikeanothertypical
contemporaryhouselooksboxyandwhite.

fig.1.3

fig.1.4

CONCLUSION

Whitecementconcretehassomeimpressiveadvantagesinrespecttobotheconomyand
appearance.Itsuseactuallysavesmoneyinthreeprincipalways.Firstofall,itdoesn'trequire
anyveneermaterialordecorativetreatment.Whiteconcreteisnotonlyastructuralbutalsoan
architecturalsurface.Secondly,thecolorisintegralintheconcreteandwillnotweardown.And,
finally,thereisvirtuallynomaintenanceonawhiteconcretestructure.

Buildingshasbeendesigned,constructedandalteredsoastobestructurallysafeandrobust,
andalsosoasnottoimpairthestructuralstabilityofotherbuildings.Theweightofthebuilding
fromthewalls,furnitureandpeopleinthebuildingistransmittedtotheground,soasnotto
causeinstabilitytothebuildingorotherbuildings.Househasbeenbuiltinawayensuringno
collapsewilloccurdisproportionatetoitscause.Groundmovementsuchasfreezingofsubsoil
doesntimpairthestabilityofthebuilding.Alsothearebigwindowsthatallowsventilationincase
offireorrescueservices.Thereare6exitsonthegroundfloorand1exitonthefirstfloorwhich
meanssafetyescapefromthebuilding.
Thestabilityofabuildingcanbemaintainedinafire,
bothinternallyandexternally.Thebuildingiseasilyaccessibleforfirefightersandtheir
equipment.(fig.4.1.)
Internally
Thewallliningonthewallsandceilingresistthespreadofflamesandgiveoff
reasonablelevelsofheat,ifonfire.Internalstabilitycanbemaintainedduringfireandfire
spreadwillbeprohibited.Fireandsmokewillbeprohibitedfromspreadingtoconcealed
spacesinabuildingsstructure.
Externally
Theexternalwallsandroofwillresistspreadoffiretowallsandroofsof
otherbuildings.

fig.4.1.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.archdaily.com/21179/cshousepitagorasarquitectos/
http://www.digsdigs.com/whiteconcretethreestoreyhousecshousebypitagorasarquitectos/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_regulations_in_the_United_Kingdom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Smeaton
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aspdin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete
http://www.homeadvancement.com/roof/installation/tarroof
http://www.archdaily.com/21179/cshousepitagorasarquitectos/1240481470_corteconstrutivo/
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