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In linguistics, a filler is a sound or word that is spoken in conversation by on

e participant to signal to others that he/she has paused to think but has not ye
t finished speaking.[1] These are not to be confused with placeholder names, suc
h as thingamajig, whatsamacallit, whosawhatsa and whats'isface, which refer to o
bjects or people whose names are temporarily forgotten, irrelevant, or unknown.
Different languages have different characteristic filler sounds; in English, the
most common filler sounds are uh /?/, er /??/, and um /?m/.[2] Among youths, th
e fillers "like", "y'know", "I mean", "so", "actually", "basically", and "right"
are among the more prevalent. Ronald Reagan was famous for beginning his answer
s to questions with "Well..."[citation needed], as President Barack Obama often
begins statements with "Look...".[citation needed] Fillers fall into the categor
y of formulaic language.
The term filler has a separate use in the syntactic description of wh-movement c
onstructions.
In Greek, e (e), e (em), ???p?? (lipon, "so") and ?a?? (kala, "good") are common
fillers.
In Hebrew, eh (???) is the most common filler. Em (???) is also quite common. Mi
llennials and the younger Generation X speakers commonly use ke'ilu (?????, the
Hebrew version of "like"). Additional filler words include z tomret (?'?????, short
for zot omret (??? ?????), "that means"), az (??, "so" or "then") and bekitzur (
??????, "in short"). Use of fillers of Arabic origin such as ya?nu (????, a misp
ronunciation of the Arabic ya?ni) and wlla (?????) is also common.
In Hindi, matlab ("it means"), asal mein ("actually") and aisa hai ("what it is"
) are some word fillers. Sound fillers include hoon (??? or ?u?m?), aa (? or ?).
In Hungarian, filler sound is o, common filler words include ht, nos (well...) an
d asszongya (a variant of azt mondja, which means "it says here..."). Among inte
llectuals, ha gy tetszik (if you like) is used as filler.
In Icelandic, a common filler is hrna ("here"). st, a contraction of veist ("you kno
w"), is popular among younger speakers.
In Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia), anu is one of the most common fillers.
In Italian, common fillers include "tipo" ("like"), "ecco" ("there") and "cio" ("
actually")
In Irish Gaelic, abair /'ab????/ ("say"), bhoil /w?l?/ ("well"), and era /'????/
are common fillers, along with emm as in Hiberno-English. This accent tends to
have the most fillers as Irish people tend to use the word like as well
In Japanese, common fillers include ??? (e-eto), ?? (ano, or "that over there"),
?? (sono, or "that"), and ?? (e-e, also an expression of surprise).
In Kannada, Matte for also,Enappa andre for the matter is are the common fillers
.
In Korean, ? (eung), ? (eo), ? (geu), and ? (eum) are commonly used as fillers.
In Lithuanian, nu, am, inai ("you know"), ta prasme ("meaning"), tipo ("like") ar
e some of common fillers.
In Maltese and Maltese English, mela ("then"), or just la, is a common filler.
In Mandarin Chinese, speakers often say ?? zhge/zhige ("this") or ?? nge/nige ("that
"). Other common fillers are ? ju ("just") and ?? haoxing ("as if/kind of like").
In Nepali, maane or ???? ("meaning"), chaine or ???? , chai or ???, and haina or
??? ("No?") are commonly used as fillers.
In Norwegian, common fillers are h, alts, p en mte ("in a way"), bare ("Just") ikke
sant (literally "not true?", meaning "don't you agree?", "right?", "no kidding"
or "exactly"), vel ("well"), and liksom ("like"). In Bergen, sant ("true") is of
ten used instead of ikke sant. In the Trndelag region, skj' (comes from "skjnner" w
hich means "see(?)" or "understand?") is also a common filler.
In Persian, bebin ("you see"), ??? "chiz" ("thing"), and ???? masalan ("for inst
ance") are commonly used filler words. As well as in Arabic and Urdu, ???? ya?ni
("I mean") is also used in Persian. Also, eh is a common filler in Persian.
In Portuguese, , hum, ento ("so"), tipo ("like") and bem ("well") are the most com
mon fillers.
In Punjabi, matlab ("it means") is a common filler.
In Polish, the most common filler sound is yyy /?/ and also eee /?/ (both like E

nglish "um") and while common its use is frowned upon. Other examples include, n
o /n?/ (like English "well"), wiesz /vje?/ ("you know"). In polish vernacular, s
peakers will use the vulgarism kurwa as a filler.
In Romanian, deci /det??/ ("therefore") is common, especially in school, and a /
?/ is also very
PAge 1:
Sourced from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filler_(linguistics)
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