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CONDENSERS
Definition
Condenser is a device in which steam is
condensed
d
d to water at a pressure less
l
than
h
atmosphere.
Condensation can be done by removing heat
from exhaust steam using circulating cooling
water
A condenser is basically steam to water
exchanger in which heat from exhaust steam
i transferred
is
t
f
d to
t circulating
i l ti cooling
li water
t
Function
To reduce the turbine exhaust pressure so as
to increase
i
the
h specific
ifi output andd hence
h
increase the plant efficiency and decrease the
specific steam consumption.
To condense the exhaust steam from the
turbine and reuse it as pure feed water in the
boiler. Thus only make up water is required
t compensate
to
t loss
l
off water
t
Classification of condensers
1) Jet condensers (or) mixing type
a) Parallel flow type (Low level)
b) Counter flow type (High & Low levels)
c)) Ejector
Ej t type
t
2) Surface condensers (or) non-mixing type
a) Down flow type
b) Central fflow type
yp
c) Inverted type
d) Regenerative type
e) Evaporation type
Surface Condensers
(Indirect Contact type/Non-Mixed type)
Surface Condensers
4) The condensate cannot be used as feed 4) The condensate can be used as feed
water
t to
t boiler
b il unless
l
it is
i free
f
f
from
water
t to
t boiler
b il as it is
i nott mixed
i d with
ith
impurities
cooling water
Jet condensers
Jet condensers are used in small capacity
units where clean fresh water is available in
plenty.
l t
In jet condensers, water is in direct contact
with
i h exhaust
h
steam. Hence these
h
are also
l
called direct contact type (or) mixed type
2)
3)
Maintenance is cheap
Disadvantages
g
1)
2)
3)
4)
R i larger
Requires
l
air
i pump
5)
Surface condensers
Surface condensers are used in large
capacity plants
In surface condensers, exhaust steam and
water do not mix together. Hence they are
also called indirect contact type (or) nonmixed type
Ad
Advantages
t
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Disadvantages
1)
2)
3)
4)
Vacuum Measurement
Vacuum Efficiency
bt
i
bl
obtainable
vacuum
Vacuum efficiency =
Actual Vacuum
Barometer Absolute
Condenser Efficiency
Rise in temperatur e
of
cooling
water
denser efficiency =
Temperatur e
I l t temperatur
t
t e
Inlet