Leed Global Survey

A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools
November 2014
CRITERION
PLANNERS
CR I
TER
I ON
Contents
Definition
The World of Rating Tools
Tool Families
Family Heritage
Primary Topics
Providers
Launch Timeline
7
8
Tool Dimensions
Continuum of Use Cases

User Orientation of Select North American Tools
10
Tools Survey
11
International Standards
20
Bibliography
21
Definition
urban sustainability rating tool
The built environment beyond

individual buildings, from
neighborhood increments
up to entire cities, and their
principal components.
Delivering wholistic or
incremental well-being within
the biospheres capacity to
sustain it for generations.
An assessment that includes a

quantitative element.
A stand-alone procedure
offered publicly to national or
international markets, now or
by 2015.
The World of Rating Tools

22 countries and 59 tools
United States
Austria, The Netherlands, Norway,

Spain, Sweden
United Kingdom
Comp Plans for Sustaining Places
BREEAM Communities
STAR Community
One Planet Communities
Sustainable Communities
CEEQUAL
MEP Eco-City
Germany
Climate Positive Development

Enterprise Communities
France
Green Land Development
2030 Districts
MOHURD Eco-Garden City
BREEAM Communities
NDRC Low-Carbon City
DGNB for Business Districts
BEAM Plus Neighborhood Dev. (HK)
DGNB for Industrial Locations
HQE for Urban Planning & Dev
Japan
DGNB for Urban Districts
LEED for Neighborhood Dev

Signature
China
BREEAM Communities
Canada
CASBEE for Cities
Qatar
LEED for Neighborhood Dev
CASBEE for Urban Area + Bldgs
GSAS for Districts
Livability Index
GSAS for Parks
Living Community Challenge
GSAS for Railways
Cooperative Sanctuary
CASBEE for Urban Development

CASBEE for Heat Islands
Philippines
United Arab Emirates
SITES
BERDE for Clustered Development
Pearl Community for Estidama
BE 2 ST in Highways
India
BRT Standard
Malaysia
Green Townships
GBI Townships
Density-VMT Calculator
Envision
Singapore
Brazil
Greenroads
Green Mark for Districts
Aqua for Neighborhoods
INVEST
Green Mark for Parks
PEER
Green Mark for Infrastructure
TOD Standard
Australia
South Africa
WalkScore
EnviroDevelopment
Green Star Communities
Coastal Resilience Index
Green Star Communities
H+T Affordability Index

Local Energy Scoring Tool
SEED
IS Rating Tool
International
New Zealand
GRI Const & Real Estate
Tool Families
STARS - AASHED
TBL Tool
Cities
Planned Neighborhoods
Landscapes & Parks
Existing Neighborhoods
Transportation & Infrastructure
Neighborhood Sustainability Framework

All Neighborhoods
Special Purposes
Tool Families
Based on geographic scale and topical focus
Cities
Planned Neighborhoods
Existing Neighborhoods
All Neighborhoods
Landscapes & Parks
Transportation & Infrastructure
Special Purposes
0
10
15
20
25
Tools
Family Heritage
Green
Building
Rating
Systems
Urban
Sustainability
Rating Tools
Sustainability
Appraisal
Urban
Indicators
Primary Topics
Frequency of rating category titles in 59 surveyed tools.
Providers
Educational Institutions
4%
Housing/Environmental Groups 12%
Green Building Organizations
26%
Urban Planning Groups
Organizations Dedicated
to Specific Tools
Government Agencies
24%
Civil Engineering Groups
8%
10%
16%
Launch Timeline
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
CEEQUAL
CASBEE
LEED-ND
WalkScore
China EcoCity
EnviroDev
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
AARP L.I.
BREEAM
AASHE STARS
DGNB
2030 Dist
Aqua
APA-CPSP
China LC
Envision
GBI Twnshp
BRT Std
BERDE
LCC
China EcoGarden
EcoDist.
Green Twnshp
GLD
GRI-G4
Enterprise
GSAS
Greenroads
GreenStar
TOD Std
H+T
STAR Comm
Green Neigh.
HQE
N.Z. NSF
Pearl
SITES
Also: Cooperative Sanctuary, 1991; Signature, 1993
Tool Dimensions
Scope & Scale
Topical scope
Physical scale
Minimum elements
Maturity & Impact

Years operating
Ratings performed
Tool versions
National or intl. market
Market uptake
Empirical results
Rating Procedure

Responsible party
Transparency
Verification
Local adaptability
Monitoring/re-certification
Usefulness
Value proposition
Efficiency: effort vs. benefit
Costs to Use

Time
Fees
Documentation
Process
Rating Criteria

Creation process
Technical rigor
Scoring & weighting
Trade-off reconciliation
Mandatory vs. optional
Prescriptive vs. performance
Criteria maintenance
Standards Conformity
Tool development
Rating criteria
Tool maintenance
Tool Administration

Business model
Tool delivery method
Staffing/support infrastructure
Languages
Ancillary services (training,
credential)
Users

Households
Businesses
Neighborhood organizations
Designers
Developers
Local government
Disadvantaged groups
Continuum of Use Cases
e.g.
Online, simple
score, no record,
no cost
Downloadable
framework for
local adaptation,
self-assessment,
no cost
Single transaction
plans review,
simple rating
system with fee
Single transaction
plans review,
complex rating
system with fee
Multiple
transaction
plans review and
periodic re-exam
with fees
Multi-year
immersion,
complex rating
system, ongoing
costs
Walk Score
EcoDistricts
Green Townships
LEED-ND
Green Star
One Planet
User Orientation of Select North American Tools
EcoDistricts
Enterprise
AARP Livability Index
H+T Affordability
Index
LEED-ND
SITES
Envision
Living Community
Challenge
10
Local
Government
Developers
Designers
Neighborhood
Organizations
EDA TBL Tool
Disadvantaged
Groups
Walk Score
Households
Tools
Businesses
Users
Tools Survey
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories
Tools for Cities

CASBEE for Cities
Institute for Bldg

Environment & Energy
Conservation, Japan
Comprehensive Plans
for Sustaining Places
American Planning Assn, US https://www.planning.

org/sustainingplaces/
compplanstandards/
Livable built environment, harmony with

nature, resilient economy, interwoven equity,
healthy community, responsible regionalism
Eco-City
Ministry of Environmental
Protection, China
N/A
Construction plan, independent

environmental agencies, energy savings,
environmental quality, ecological construction
Eco-Garden City
Ministry of Housing &

Urban-Rural Development,
China
N/A
Comprehensiveness, green space, cultural

and natural landscapes, urban living
environment, community participation,
exemplary policy implementation
Low-Carbon City
National Development &

Reform Commission, China
N/A
Integration of climate protection, green

development, industrial GHG emissions,
GHG emission database, low-carbon
lifestyles
STAR Community
STAR Communities, US
http://www.
starcommunities.org/
Built environment, climate & energy, economy

& jobs, education arts & community, equity
& empowerment, health & safety, natural
systems, innovation & process
Sustainable
Communities
Audubon International, US
(available internationally,
and for Existing
Neighborhoods)
http://www.
auduboninternational.org/
sustainable-communitiesprogram
Agriculture, economic development &

tourism, education, environment, governance,
housing, open space & land-use, planning
zoning building & development, population,
public safety & emergency management,
recreation, resource use, volunteerism & civic
engagement, transportation
http://www.ibec.or.jp/
CASBEE/english/
Nature conservation, local environmental

quality, resource recycling, carbon dioxide
absorption, living environment, social
services, social vitality, industrial vitality,
financial vitality, carbon dioxide trading
11
Tools Survey
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories
Tools for Planned Neighborhoods

Aqua for Neighborhoods Vanzolini Foundation, Brazil
(with Certivea/France HQE)
http://vanzolini.org.br/
Territory and local context, density, mobility
conteudo-aqua.asp?cod_ and accessibility, heritage, landscape
site=104&id_menu=760
and identity, adaptability and evolutionary
potential, water, energy and climate, supplies
and equipment urban, residues, ecosystems
and biodiversity, natural and technological
risks, health, economy, functions and plurality,
environments and public spaces, insertion
and training, attractiveness, economic
dynamics and structures of local training
BEAM Plus
Neighborhood
Hong Kong Green Building

Council (China)
(tentative launch 2015)
https://www.hkgbc.
org.hk/upload/9.
BEAMPlus/BEAM-PlusNeighbourhood_InfoSheet.pdf
Community, site, material, energy aspects,

water, outdoor environmental quality,
innovations
BERDE for Clustered

Residential
Development
Philippine Green Bldg

Council
http://philgbc.net/berde/
berde-nc/1.1.0/BERDENC-CRD-v110.pdf
Management, land-use and ecology, water,

energy, transportation, indoor environmental
quality, materials, emissions, waste, heritage
conservation, innovation
BREEAM Communities
BRE Trust, Austria,

Germany, The Netherlands,
Norway, Spain, Sweden,
United Kingdom
http://www.breeam.org/
page.jsp?id=372
Governance, social & economic, well-being,

resources & energy, land-use & ecology,
transport & movement, innovation
CASBEE for Urban Area

+ Bldgs
Institute for Bldg

Conservation, Japan
CASBEE/english/
Natural environment, area service

functions, contribution to community,
microclimate impact, social infrastructure,
environmental management
CASBEE for Urban

Development
Institute for Bldg

Conservation, Japan
CASBEE/english/
Natural environment, area service

functions, contribution to community,
microclimate impact, social infrastructure,
environmental management
12
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories

Climate Positive
Development
C40 Cities, US
http://www.c40.org/
networks/climate_
positive_development
Thermal & electrical energy use, waste,

transportation
DGNB for Business

Districts
German Sustainable
Building Council
http://www.dgnb-system.
de/en/schemes/schemeoverview
Only available in German
DGNB for Industrial

Locations
German Sustainable
Building Council
de/en/schemes/schemeoverview
Only available in German
DGNB for Urban

Districts
German Sustainable
Building Council
de/en/schemes/schemeoverview/neubau_
stadtquartiere.php
Land-use, life-cycle-costs, social &

commercial infrastructure, quality of publictransport infrastructure, participation
Enterprise Green
Communities
Enterprise Green
Communities
http://www.
enterprisecommunity.
com/solutions-andinnovation/enterprisegreen-communities
Integrative design, location & neighborhood

fabric, site improvements, water conservation,
energy efficiency, materials beneficial to the
environment, healthy living environment,
operations & maintenance
EnviroDevelopment
Urban Development
Institute of Australia
http://www.
envirodevelopment.com/
default.asp
Ecosystems, waste, energy, materials, water,

community
13
Tools Survey
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories

HQE for Urban Planning
& Development
HQE Association, France

(Cerway outside France)
http://assohqe.org.hqe/
spip.php?rubrique11
http://www.certivea.
fr/nos-certifications/
certifications-pourterritoires-durables
Territory and local context, density, mobility

and accessibility, heritage landscape and
identity, adaptability and evolutionary
potential, water, energy and climate, supplies
and equipment urban, residues, ecosystems
and biodiversity, natural and technological
risks, health, economy, funtions and plurality,
environments and public spaces, insertion
and training, attractiveness, economic
dynamics and structures of local training
GBI Township Tool
Green Bldg Index, Malaysia
http://.
greenbuildingindex.org/
Resources/GBI%20Tools/
GBI%20Township%20
Tool%20V1.0%20
Pilot%20Final.pdf
Climate, energy, water, environment &

ecology, community planning & development,
transportation & development, buildings &
resources, business & innovation
Global Sustainability
Assessment System for
Districts
Gulf Organization for

Research & Dev, Qatar
Districts criteria are

proprietary; general
guidance at http://www.
gord.qa/uploads/pdf/
GSAS%20Technical%20
Guide%20V2.1.pdf
Urban connectivity, site, energy, water,

materials, outdoor environment, cultural and
economic value, management and operations
Green Land
Development
Home Innovation Research

Labs, US
http://www.
Site design and development, lot selection,
homeinnovation.com/
project team and mission, innovative
services/certification/
practices
green_homes/land_
development_certification
14
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories

Green Mark for
Districts
Bldg & Construction

Authority, Singapore
http://www.bca.gov.sg/
GreenMark/others/GM_
District_V2.pdf
Energy efficiency, water management,

materials & waste management,
environmental planning, green buildings &
transport, community & innovation
Green Star Communities Green Bldg Council of

Australia (also South Africa
GBC)
http://www.gbca.org.au/
green-star/green-starcommunities/
Livability, economic prosperity, environment,

design, governance, innovation
Green Townships
Indian GBC, India
http://igbc.in/site/
igbc/testigbc.
jsp?desc=267002
&event=267001
Site selection & planning, land-use planning,

transportation planning, infrastructure
resource management, innovation in design &
technology
LEED for Neighborhood

Development
US Green Bldg Council, US

(available internationally)
http://www.usgbc.
org/resources/
leed-neighborhooddevelopment-v2009current-version
Smart location & linkage, neighborhood

pattern & design, green infrastructure &
buildings, innovation & design process
LEED for Neighborhood

Development - Canada
Canada Green Bldg Council
http://www.cagbc.org/
AM/Template.cfm?
Section=Home&template
=/CM/HTMLDisplay.
cfm&ContentID=8789
Smart location & linkage, neighborhood

pattern & design, green infrastructure &
buildings, innovation & design process
15
Tools Survey
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories

One Planet Communities BioRegional, UK (also
Canada)
http://www.
oneplanetcommunities.
org/
Zero carbon, zero waste, sustainable

transport, sustainable materials, local &
sustainable food, sustainable water, land-use
& wildlife, culture & heritage, equity & local
economy, health & happiness
Pearl Community for

Estidama
Abu Dhabi Urban Planning

Council, United Arab
Emirates
http://estidama.upc.
gov.ae/pearl-ratingsystem-v10/pearlcommunity-ratingsystem.aspx?lang=en-US
Integrated design process, natural systems,

livable communities, precious water,
resourceful energy, stewarding materials,
innovating practice
Signature
http://www.
Siting, planning & design, construction, longauduboninternational.org/ term management
signature
Tools for Existing Neighborhoods

2030 Districts
Architecture 2030, US
http://www.2030districts.
org/
Energy, water, transportation, emissions
Livability Index
American Assn of Retired

Persons, US
http://www.aarp.org/
content/dam/aarp/
research/public_policy_
institute/liv_com/2014/
livability-index-projectAARP-ppi-liv-com.pdf
Housing, environment, neighborhood,

transportation, health, civic engagement,
equity & opportunity, recreation & culture
16
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories
Tools for All Neighborhoods

Neighborhood
Sustainability
Framework
Beacon Pathway, NZ
http://www.
beaconpathway.co.nz/
neighbourhoods/article/
the_neighbourhood_
sustainability_framework
Neighborhood satisfaction, minimized costs,

maximized biophysical health, appropriate
resource use & climate protection, effective
governance & civic life, functional flexibility
Living Community
Challenge
International Living Future

Institute, US
http://living-future.org/lcc
Limits to growth, urban agriculture, habitat

exchange, human powered living, net
positive water, net positive energy, civilized
environment, healthy neighborhood design,
biophilic environment, resilient community
connections, living materials plan, embodied
carbon footprint, net positive waste, human
scale + humane places, universal access
to nature & place, universal access to
community services, equitable investment,
just organizations, beauty + spirit, inspiration
+ education
Tools for Landscapes & Parks

Cooperative Sanctuary
http://www.
Outreach & education, resource management,
auduboninternational.org/ water quality and conservation, wildlife &
acsp
habitat management
Parks

http://www.gord.qa/
uploads/pdf/GSAS%20
Technical%20Guide%20
V2.1.pdf (general guidance)
Unavailable
17
Tools Survey
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories
Tools for Landscapes & Parks

Green Mark for Existing
Parks; for New Parks
Bldg & Construction

http://www.bca.gov.
sg/GreenMark/others/
GM_NewParks_v1.pdf ;
ExistingParks_v1.pdf
Waste & material minimization, water

efficiency, energy efficiency, park
management, conservation & heritage,
innovation
SITES (Sustainable SITES

Initiative)
Univ of Texas at Austin/US

Botanic Garden/ASLA, US
http://www.
sustainablesites.org/
Site selection, pre-design assessment &

planning, site design - water, site design - soil
& vegetation, site design - materials selection,
site design - human health & well-being,
construction, operations & maintenance,
Tools for Transportation & Infrastructure

BE2ST-in-Highways
University of Wisconsin, US
BRT Standard
Institute for Transportation & https://go.itdp.

Development Policy, US
org/display/live/
The+BRT+Standard
Service planning, infrastructure, stations,

communications, access and integration
CEEQUAL
Institution of Civil Engineers, http://www.ceequal.com/

UK (available internationally) methodology.html
Contract strategy & management, people &

communities, land-use & landscape, historic
environment, ecology & biodiversity, water,
physical resource use & management,
transportation, effects on neighbors, relations
with local community & stakeholders
Density-VMT Calculator
ICLEI Local Governments

for Sustainability, US
18
http://rmrc.wisc.edu/
be2st-in-highways/
Life cycle cost, energy, recycling, hazardous

waste, water, noise, social carbon cost
http://www.icleiusa.org/
Building density, vehicle miles traveled
library/documents/8Density-VMT%20
Calculator%20(2).xls/view
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories

Envision
Institute for Sustainable

Infrastructure, US
http://www.
sustainableinfrastructure.
org/rating/index.cfm
Project pathway contribution, project

strategy and management, communities
and efficiencies, land-use and restoration,
landscapes, ecology and biodiversity, water
resources and environment, energy and
carbon, resource management, transportation
Railways

http://www.gord.qa/
uploads/pdf/GSAS%20
Technical%20Guide%20
V2.1.pdf (general guidance)
Unavailable
Green Mark for

Infrastructure
Bldg & Construction

Infra_V1.pdf
Landscape ecology & land efficiency,

energy, renewable energy, water, project
management, waste management &
environmental protection, innovation
Greenroads
Greenroads Foundation, US
https://www.greenroads.
org/
Project requirements, environment & water,

access & equity, construction activities,
materials & resources, pavement technologies
INVEST
U.S. Dept of Transportation, https://www.

Federal Hwy Administration, sustainablehighways.org/
US
Integrated planning, economic development

and land-use, linking asset management
and planning, stormwater, recycle materials,
construction waste management, pavement
management system, road weather
management program
IS Rating Tool
Infrastructure Sustainability
Council of Australia
http://www.isca.org.
au/is-rating-scheme/isoverview/is-rating-tool
Transport, water, communications, energy
PEER
Perfect Power Institute, US
http://
Enabling customer action; operational
perfectpowerinstitute.org/ efficiency; reliability, power quality, and
apply-peer
safety; energy efficiency & environment
19
Tools Survey
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories

TOD Standard
Institute for Transportation & https://go.itdp.org/

Development Policy, US
display/live/ About+
the+TOD+Standard
Walk, cycle, connect, transit, mix, densify,

compact, shift
Walk Score
Walk Score, US
Walk, bike, transit
http://www.walkscore.
com/
Tools for Special Purposes
CASBEE for Heat

Islands
CASBEE/english/
Only available in Japanese
Coastal Resilience Index Southern Climate Impacts

Planning Program, NOAA,
and Sea Grant, US
http://www.
southernclimate.org/
documents/resources/
Coastal_Resilience_
Index_Sea_Grant.pdf
Critical infrastructure & facilities,

transportation, community plans, mitigations,
business plans, social systems
Global Reporting
Initiative - Construction
& Real Estate Sector
Global Reporting Initiative,

international (The
Netherlands)
https://www.
globalreporting.org/
resourcelibrary/GRIG4-Construction-andReal-Estate-SectorDisclosures.pdf
Economy, environment, labor practices,

human rights, society, product responsibility
H+T Affordability Index
Center for Neighborhood

Technology, US
http://htaindex.cnt.org/
Housing costs, transportation costs
20
Institute for Bldg

Conservation, Japan
Tools
Providers
Websites
Rating Categories
Tools for Special Purposes

Local Energy Efficiency
Self-Scoring Tool
American Council for an

Energy Efficient Economy,
US
http://www.aceee.org/
local-policy/scoring-tool
SEED
Design Corps, US
http:///www.seednetwork. Social, economic, environmental

org/certification
STARS - Sustainability
Tracking Assessment &
Rating System
Assn for Advancement of

Sustainability in Higher
Education, US
https://stars.aashe.org/
Academics, engagement, operations,

planning and administration, innovation
Triple Bottom Line Tool
US Economic Development
Administration
http://www.tbltool.org/
Quality jobs, sound investment, industry ecoefficiency, green design & construction, green
operations, place-making & accessibility,
environmental health, governance
Local government operations, communitywide initiatives, building policies, energy &

water utilities, transportation
21
International standards relevant to the rating of urban sustainability
Standards
Administrators
Websites
Scope
Humanitarian Charter and

Minimum Standards in
Humanitarian Response
The Sphere Project
http://www.sphereproject.org/
Water supply, sanitation and

hygiene promotion, food
security, nutrition and aid,
shelter, settlement and nonfood items, health services
International Standard 17065

- Requirements for Bodies
Certifying Products, Processes
& Services
Organization
http://www.iso.orgobp/
ui/#iso:std:46568:en
General, structural, resource,

process, management
International Standard
37120 - Sustainable Dev of
Communities - Indicators for
City Services & Quality of Life
(also see 37101, 37150)
Organization
http://www.iso.org/iso/37120_
briefing_note.pdf
Economy, education, energy,

environment recreation,
safety, shelter, solid waste,
telecommunications,
innovation, finance, fire,
emergency response,
governance, health,
transportation, urban planning,
wastewater, water, sanitation
Sustainability Assessment
& Measurement Principles
(Bellagio STAMP)
International Institute for

Sustainable Development,
Organization for Economic
Cooperation & Development
http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2009/
brochure_bellagiostamp.pdf
Guiding vision, essential

considerations, adequate
scope, framework and
indicators, transparency,
effective communication, broad
participation, continuity and
capacity
22
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A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools

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