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Q1
With reference to Electrical Power Distribution onboard merchant ship,
a. With the aid of sketch, explain what is an insulated neutral system and why it is
preferred.
Answer
(6M)
b.
Briefly explain how the emergency generator can be started automatically in event of
black out.
Answer
c.
(3M)
supply.
Falling mains frequency/voltage cause start-up relay to operate
Draw a layout typical power distribution system with clearly labels all principal
components.
Answer:
Page 1 of 9
(7M)
d.
Describe the effect to the ship electrical system rated at 440V if she is supplied with
380V during her emergency dry docking.
Answer
(4M)
Lower voltage may cause motors to run slower and overheat. May cause
motor to stall.
Amount of power that motor draw are proportion to voltage and current (P=IV)
If V is low, I will increase to produce same amount of power. Eg; if V is less
10%, current will increase 10%.
If amount of I exceed the motor nameplate rating, motor will be stress and
overheat. More heat and longer exposure to it will damage or shorten the
lifespan of the motor.
Q2
With reference to the electrical shock and safety,
a.
Describe an electric shock and the conditions that affect the electrical shock
(5M)
Answer
As we knew, electric shock is due to flow of current through the body. This is
often from hand to hand or hand to foot. A shock current of 15mA AC or DC may
be fatal.
The size of electric shock current is related to the following factors:
1. Applied voltage
2. Body resistance.
The size of human body resistance also depends upon other factors as state of
health, degree of contact with live wires, perspiration or dampness of skin.
b.
A.C compressor motor no 2 was due for overhauling. List down in order the 7 step
safety procedures required before doing any electrical maintenance job onboard
ship.
Answer
Page 2 of 9
(7M)
c.
List down the procedure of saving a person who was suspected Froze on the
(8M)
circuit
Answer
Q3
With reference to cell battery and battery charger onboard merchant ship,
a.
Explain why the batteries are considered as important in the electrical system.
(4M)
Answer
b.
Explain why the lead acid batteries are more prefer compared to alkaline battery.
Answer ( Any 6 of this below 1 marks each)
Page 3 of 9
(6M)
c.
voltage
Space requirement because 24V supply need 20 cells of alkaline battery
but for lead acid only need 12 cells.
First aid facility boracic acid need for alkaline but lead acid only need water.
Performance indicator need for monitor condition of alkaline battery
With aid from sketch, briefly explain the operation of battery charger/UPS.
(10M)
Answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
b.
Marine environment
High surrounding vibration
Voltage fluctuation
Climatic conditions
Temperature
Continuous operation the best is if it can last until ship lifetime.
Reliability
(5M)
Incandescent lamp
Answer
Most common used for general lighting with simple filament type
Operation by current passed through fine wire tungsten filament, raises
temperature up to 3000C, thus becomes incandescent (it glows)
Glass bulb is filled with inert gas (nitrogen, argon etc) for reduce filament
evaporation
(5M)
Fluorescent lamp
Answer
Light output is generated by current flow in electric arc between two
electrodes through gas and metal vapour inside seal glass bulb or tube.
Common metal vapour used mercury & sodium
Suitable voltage applied between electrodes causes an arc discharge
through the gas.
Gas ionization will create visible light directly or by secondary emission
from phosphor coating inside lamp glass.
Current must control to maintain desired light output ballast (iron cored
inductor (choke), special transformer or electronic ballast circuits.
c.
Explain how the variation on voltage can effect the performance of the
(4M)
lighting.
Answer
All lamps are designed to produce rated luminous output at rated voltage.
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State the relationship between frequency, number of poles and the speed of the
motor.
(6M)
Answer
When the three phase supply is connected to the stator winding the currents
which flow in the windings produce a multi-pole magnetic field. This field
rotates at a speed called synchronous speed. The value of synchronous
speed depends on how many magnetic poles the stator winding produces and
on the frequency of the supply connected to the stator winding. Thus, we can
conclude the relationship between frequency, speed and number f poles as
follows:
N=f/p
Where,
n = synchronous speed (rev/speed)
f = supply frequency (Hz)
p = number of poles (in pairs)
b.
Explain the definition of Single Phasing in three phase motor. State a method to
protect motor from single phasing situation.
Answer
Single-phasing is usually caused when one of the three back-up fuses blows or if
one of the contactor contacts is open-circuited.
The effect of single-phasing is to increase the current in the two remaining lines
and cause the motor to become very noisy due to the uneven torque produced in
the rotor.
An increase in line current due to single-phasing will be detected by the protective
OCR. The three thermal elements of an OCR are arranged in such a way that
unequal heating of the bi-metal strips causes a differential movement which
operates the OCR switch contacts to trip out the motor contactor.
c.
Briefly explain how would you going to repair & refurbish the damaged induction
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(6M)
motor that having earth fault (low insulation) which is used as a hoisting motor for
midship crane.
( Your answer should comprise the necessary precaution and safety awareness
as well)
Answer
(8M)
(10M)
Answer
Have 3 ways can vary the speed for a DC motor.
1. Vary the voltage supplied to the armature circuit while holding the
field constant.
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3. Vary the field current while holding the armature supply voltage
constant.
b.
State the difference of shunt wound DC motor compared to the series wound DC
motor
(4M)
Answer
When the field winding is connected in parallel with the armature, the
machine is said to be shunt wound
If the field winding is connected in series with the armature, the machine
is said to be series wound.
c.
Draw line diagram of a compound wound DC generator and show its voltage-load
characteristics. What the meant by over, under and level compounding of these
generators.
(6M)
Answer
Page 8 of 9
advantages.
Different Connection different voltage regulation characteristics on
load.
END OF QUESTION
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