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PART VI
6.1
6.2
Performance Criteria
6.3
6.4
IFC SUBMITTAL
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12 DECEMBER, 2012
HVAC
HVAC
PART 6-1
PART VI
6.1
IFC SUBMITTAL
DP-5
12 DECEMBER, 2012
HVAC
Through a comprehensive analysis of the factors above and the UFC and RFP
requirements, it was found that the optimum and most lifecycle cost-effective mechanical
system for the new CRDAMCR hospital uses a multiple, parallel 100% Dedicated Outside
Air System (DOAS) approach with a remote central plant that provides steam, heating hot
water and chilled water to the facility.
6.1.1
Central Plant
The main chilled water, steam, hot water, and plumbing systems are centrally located in a
remote Central Utility Plant (CUP) approximately 250' southwest of the Hospital loading
dock. The CUP houses the following major equipment and its components: chillers, cooling
towers, steam boilers, chilled water and condenser water pumps, hot water generators and
distribution pumps, condensate return pumps, steam deaerators, chemical water treatment
equipment, fire pumps, domestic water heaters, and booster pumps. The CUP is
connected to the hospital campus via an accessible underground tunnel that terminates in
a dedicated plumbing service room in the basement level of the hospital building. Further
details of the systems located in the CUP are covered in Section 6.4.1.
6.1.2
Hospital/Clinic
A significant feature for a healthcare mechanical system is the ability to deliver and
maintain the required amount of outdoor air while meeting the RFP energy reduction goals.
Conventional re-circulating (mixed air) systems typically fail to provide or maintain the
required amount of outdoor air (ventilation) to the occupied space. This issue is further
compounded when incorporating variable air volume systems to reduce energy
consumption. As a result, the conventional re-circulating air system does not effectively
achieve both the indoor air quality and energy reduction goals required for this project.
Although the advent of alternative systems has improved the performance and complexity
of these recirculating systems, the fundamental challenge of providing and maintaining the
UFC required outside air to the occupied space while reducing energy still remains difficult
to accomplish in a lifecycle cost effective manner.
To overcome the limitations of a conventional re-circulating system the CRDAMCR design
incorporates a 100% DOAS. The DOAS utilizes 100% outside air and continuously
exceeds the ventilation requirements of all occupied space (a stated goal of the RFP). This
system provides superior indoor air quality and building flexibility, and when combined with
the appropriately selected energy recovery devices exceeds the energy reduction goals
specified for this project. Details of the 100% DOAS system and components can be found
in Section 6.4.2.
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PART VI
6.2
HVAC
Performance Criteria
6.2.1
Intent
The intent of this Performance Criteria section is to collect in one place all the relevant information
governing the design of the HVAC systems as a reference. The information is mainly gathered from
the RFP, and from subsequent RFI responses, but where the RFP did not give specific information,
assumptions have been made following good engineering practice.
It is not the intent of this document to override the RFP and/or the RFI process.
6.2.2
UFC 4-510-01
RFP sections 01 10 00 Statement of Work and 01 33 16 Design After Award
Fort Worth District Architect Engineer Instruction Manual
RFP Specific UFGS Specifications and Project Criteria
Fort Hood Installation Standards
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PART VI
6.2.3
6.2.3.2
6.2.3.1
HVAC
Summer
Winter
6.2.4
6.2.4.1
Proposed Building
'U Values (Btu/hr-ft-F)
6.2.4.1.1
6.2.4.1.2
Roof Assembly
Wall Assembly
Glass Assembly
Fenestration Performance
0.24
0.28
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PART VI
6.2.4.2
6.2.4.2.1
6.2.4.2.2
6.3
6.3.1
Roof Assembly
Wall Assembly
Glass Assembly
Fenestration Performance
6.2.5
HVAC
0.25
0.29
UFC 4-510-01, Design: Medical Military Facilities and associated Appendix are
followed for all applicable room temperature, humidity, air change rate, ventilation, and
acoustic design criteria. For any non-standard rooms that are not covered by UFC 4510-01, good standard engineering practice is applied for determination of the room
design criteria. When ASHRAE 62.1 ventilation rates are in excess of UFC 4-510-01,
the more stringent of the two is followed.
For space cooling calculations the space equipment heat loads are based on the actual
quantities and locations of equipment for all rooms including: medical related rooms (as
prescribed in UFC 4-510-01), electrical, telecom, kitchen, etc. Loads are based on
actual equipment cut sheets when available. When cut sheets are not available, heat
loads are determined using good engineering practice.
Lighting heat load information is be based on the actual lighting design for each space.
HVAC calculations are performed assuming that day lighting controls are not in use.
Occupant densities are based on estimates indicated in the program for design project
criteria or as listed in IMC-2006 or ASHRAE 62.1-2007 when other information is not
provided. Associated sensible and latent occupant loads are based on expected
personnel activity rates as listed in ASHRAE Fundamentals 2009.
700 fpm
500 fpm
500 fpm
800 fpm
500 fpm
400-600 fpm
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PART VI
HVAC
(Note: Sizing criteria listed above is intended to be maximum values for system design.
Lower values are used as needed to help meet the project energy goals.)
6.3.2
Hydronic
Hydronic piping is sized using the following criteria:
Pipe size
(inch)
1
1-
2
2-
3
4
5
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
30
Maximum
Velocity (FPS)
3.3
3.1
4.1
4.8
6.0
6.1
8.1
8.8
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
Pressure
Drop (ft/100 ft)
7.1
4.6
5.5
5.0
5.8
4.5
5.5
5.0
5.1
3.8
2.8
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.1
0.9
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HVAC
6.3.3
Friction rates are based on: copper tubing sizes 3/4 2, Schedule 40 new steel pipe
for sizes 2 and up. (Note: actual installed steel piping is Standard Weight, therefore
pipe sizing table above is conservative.)
Sizing criteria listed above is intended to be maximum values for system design. Lower
values are used as needed to help meet the project energy goals.)
Steam
Steam piping is sized using the following criteria:
Low Pressure steam (less than 15 psig)
4,000 fpm
0.5 psig/100ft
3 psig
5,000 fpm
1.0 psig/100ft
10 psig
8,000 fpm
2.0 psig/100ft
20 psig
2 fps max.velocity
3 fps max. velocity
4 fps max. velocity
1 pipe size
1-1/4 pipe size
1-1/2 pipe size
2 pipe size
2-1/2 pipe size
3 pipe size
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6.4
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12 DECEMBER, 2012
HVAC
6.4.1
CUP
The project utilizes a remote central plant to house the major mechanical, electrical and
plumbing equipment. The remote plant was selected to segregate noisy and frequently
maintained equipment from patients and staff. A walk-able utility tunnel connects the
central plant with the main facility and enters the hospital in a central location to reduce
energy loss associated with utility distribution. The CUP building and associated piping
systems are designed to accommodate a future chiller, boiler, cooling tower and associated
equipment without building expansion or disruption of the existing systems. In addition, the
building contains ample space for the maintenance personnel to monitor, operate, and
maintain the mechanical and electrical systems for the facility.
The CUP was located to maximize the distance between the cooling towers and boilers
from the critical hospital HVAC systems while still meeting the architectural and civil needs
of the site. The closest boiler flue exhaust is over 350' away from the closest Clinic outside
air intake and over 500' away from the main Level 3 Hospital outside air intake to insure
maximum dilution and provide excellent IAQ. The closest cooling tower is 475' and 550'
away respectively. The hospital critical care outdoor air intakes are Northeast of the CUP
providing additional safety against the southern prevailing wind for the Killeen area of
Texas.
6.4.1.1
6.4.1.1.1
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return line, through the HRC, and then back to the main chilled water return line to pre-cool
the return water before it reaches the main bank of centrifugal chillers.
Plant floor space has been provided for an equally sized future chilled water pump and
blind flanges with isolation valves have been provided to facilitate future tie in to the
existing system. A life cycle cost analysis was used to optimally size the common pipe
headers to allow future growth of an equally sized chiller while still meeting the project
energy goals, limiting first costs, and meeting industry standard pipe sizing criteria.
A side stream combination air/dirt separator, expansion tanks, system relief valves, and
chemical feeder are provided in accordance with good design practice and are sized to
meet the project needs. System flow meters have been provided to allow energy efficient
control strategies, system diagnostics, and to provide real time building load data. A
minimum flow bypass line with control valve is provided to protect the pumps and meet
chiller minimum flow requirements during low demand operation.
The major consumer of chilled water is the 100% DOAS chilled water air handling units
(AHUs) located in the penthouses of the Clinics and patient Bed Tower as well as the main
Level 3 mechanical room in the Hospital. The remaining consumers of the chilled water
include fan coil units that provide space cooling for electric and telecom rooms and the
radiant floor system used to cool the Concourse, Lobby, and Dining areas. Refer to later
sections for more details on these systems.
6.4.1.1.2
6.4.1.1.3
6.4.1.1.4
6.4.1.1.4.1
6.4.1.1.4.2
Centrifugal Chillers
Chiller is enabled based on building demand and starts after its isolation valves are
proven open and condenser water and chilled water pumps are proven running.
Additional chillers are staged on/off by the EMCS. Staging is based on system cooling
load demand and current chiller loading.
Chillers use internal logic to control to a set leaving water temperature of 44F.
A low flow bypass line is provided to maintain minimum flow requirements through the
chillers at all times.
Heat Recovery Chiller
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6.4.1.1.4.3
6.4.1.2
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12 DECEMBER, 2012
HVAC
Chiller is be enabled based on building demand and starts after its isolation valves are
proven open and its associated circulation evaporator and condenser pumps are
proven running.
Chiller is set to cooling mode and can be demand limited to maintain a minimum load
on the steam boiler and/or centrifugal chiller as required.
The internal chiller control panel stages on/off module sections as required to meet
demand.
A dedicated circulation pump on the evaporator and condenser side maintains a
constant flow through the chiller.
Chilled Water Pumps
Lead chilled water pump is enabled to run 24/7 and initially starts after a chiller isolation
valve is proven to be open.
Pumps are staged on/off based on system flowrate.
Active pump VFDs receive a common signal from the EMCS to maintain minimum
differential pressure setpoints at multiple sensors throughout the piping system.
Pumps are lead/lag operated based on run time.
6.4.1.2.1
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The condenser water pumping system consists of (4) vertical turbine condenser water
pumps (includes one standby). The condenser water pumps are floor mounted on the slab
directly above a concrete sump which stores the condenser water during operation and for
winter time non-operational drain back. The pumps, chillers, and cooling towers served by
a common supply and return header that allow any pump to run with any chiller or cooling
tower to provide a higher level of redundancy. A life cycle cost analysis was used to
optimally size the common pipe headers to allow future growth of an equally sized chiller,
pump, and cooling tower while still meeting the project energy goals, limiting first costs, and
meeting industry standard pipe sizing criteria. Isolation valves and blind flanges have been
provided at the chiller and condenser water pump headers to ease future expansion; the
cooling tower header in the tower yard is provided with a blind flange only.
A centrifugal solid separator is provided to remove excess suspended solids in the water
that are a part of the normal operation of the chemical free water treatment system. The
separator has been provided in conjunction with sump sweeper piping to keep the chemical
free system particulate waterborne such that it can be more effectively removed from the
system.
6.4.1.2.2
6.4.1.2.3
6.4.1.2.4
6.4.1.2.4.1
6.4.1.2.4.2
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6.4.1.2.4.3
6.4.1.3
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HVAC
Active tower fan VFDs receive a common signal from the EMCS to maintain leaving
water setpoint as measured by a sensor downstream of the condenser water pumps.
Tower inlet valves close and tower bypass valve opens to divert water directly to the
concrete sump pit when tower leaving water is below setpoint during low ambient
temperature conditions. The reverse occurs once leaving tower water temperature
rises to setpoint.
A leaving tower water temperature setpoint reset schedule is provided for condenser
relief to maximize energy efficiency.
Cooling towers are be lead/lag operated based on run time.
Condenser Water Treatment
The Pulse Pure chemical free water treatment system is enabled whenever a
condenser water pump is enabled.
The Pulse Pure system monitors the condenser water conductivity and open the blow
down valve as required to maintain target cycles of concentration. The blowdown
water is harvested and sent to the site irrigation tank to use for landscaping irrigation. If
the irrigation tank is full, the EMCS alternatively dumps the blowdown into the sanitary
system.
The main condenser water pumps continuously circulate flow through the solid
separator located directly behind the pumps. The filtered water then pumps down into
each sump pit and connect to a sweeper piping system to flush particulate back
towards the main system pumps. A signal from the EMCS routinely opens a blowdown
valve on the solid separator to discharge to sanitary. This small amount of blowdown is
not suitable for irrigation, as it contains high amounts of suspended solids.
6.4.1.3.1
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reducing station also located in the boiler plant. The resulting 90 psi steam is routed
through the utility tunnel to the main facility where it is distributed and further reduced in
pressure for use with the clean steam humidification system, kitchen equipment, and
central sterile equipment. To improve the energy performance and reduce operating costs,
steam condensate is collected from the main facility and returned to the central plant for
reuse.
Pipe sloping, drip legs, steam traps, and system isolation valves are provided in
compliance with industry standards to insure proper system operation and maintenance.
6.4.1.3.2
6.4.1.3.3
6.4.1.3.4
6.4.1.3.5
6.4.1.3.5.1
6.4.1.3.5.2
Boiler Operation
Upon a call for steam, one of the central boilers and all associated steam equipment
enables.
There is a plant master control panel that lead/lags boilers and interface with the
individual boiler control panels, deaerator, surge tank, and EMCS.
Each Steam Boiler has individual burner safety and capacity control panels and control
to maintain plant steam pressure setpoint.
Additional boilers are enabled by the plant master control panel to meet system
demand and maintain plant steam pressure setpoint.
Primary fuel source is natural gas (NG), in the event of a loss of NG, the secondary fuel
source is (#2 fuel oil) is enabled. See section 6.4.1.5 for fuel oil system.
Surge Tank Operation
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6.4.1.3.5.3
6.4.1.4
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The condensate surge tank is sized for approximately 10 min system storage, to allow
for steady feedwater system control. The surge tank and deaerator have been
provided as a combination duo tank unit.
Transfer pumps are packaged with the surge tank, and enable to maintain water level
within the deaerator.
Deaerator Operation
The deaerator tank is sized for approximately 10 min system storage, to allow for
steady feedwater system control.
Low pressure steam is used to deaerate the low pressure condensate and makeup
water to the tank.
The level controller sends signal to allow transfer pumps to enable, and a makeup
water control valve modulates to maintain water level setpoint.
Feed water pumps are packaged with the deaerator, and enable whenever a boiler is
enabled.
Feed water control valves at each boiler modulates to maintain water level within the
boiler.
6.4.1.4.1
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HVAC
custom air handling units (AHUs) are provided with a preheat coil, but they are not used in
normal operation as the energy recovery wheels meet the preheating demands (refer to
6.4.2.6). The heating hot water system utilizes standard 2-way heating control valves along
with industry standard coil connection specialties (refer to drawings and specifications for
more details).
Upon return to the CUP a portion of the hot water return water is diverted from the main
return line to the HRC system. The HRC system has (2) vertical inline pumps (includes
one standby) to pump water from the main return hot water line through the heat recovery
chiller and back to the main return line in a side stream arrangement to preheat the return
water before it passes through the main heating hot water heat exchangers. In route to the
HRC the hot water flows through a 3-way valve where it can be diverted to a water to water
double wall shell and tube heat exchanger to preheat the domestic hot water for the facility
if the demand is present. The HRC is designed to heat the water up from 110F to 140F
while providing 268 Tons of chilled water cooling capacity on the evaporator side. By
decreasing the demand on the heating hot water and domestic hot water steam heat
exchangers, load is shed from the steam boiler system providing considerable energy
savings due to the ability of the HRC to produce heat at a much higher COP than the steam
boilers.
System flow meters have been provided to allow energy efficient control strategies, system
diagnostics, and for real time building loads. A line size dirt/air separator, expansion tanks,
system relief valves, and chemical feeder are provided in accordance with good design
practice and is sized to meet the project needs. A minimum flow bypass line with control
valve is provided to protect the pumps during low demand operations.
6.4.1.4.2
6.4.1.4.3
6.4.1.4.4
6.4.1.4.5
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The following sections are meant to give a brief overview of the planned operational
approach for these key systems. Refer to the full sequence of operations included in the
specifications for complete detail.
6.4.1.4.5.1
6.4.1.4.5.2
6.4.1.5
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mechanical overfill prevention valve to prevent overfilling the main tanks. The remote fill
control panel has the ability to display of current fuel levels.
A fuel oil polishing system is provided to filter out any water or contaminants from each of
the main fuel tanks. Controls are provided to cycle through each of the tanks for an
adjustable amount of time.
System controls include a tank selection software system that manages the sequencing of
all pumps and motorized valves for the supply and return system. Fuel oil leakage alarms,
pump failure alarms, critical low and critical high fuel level alarms are all available locally to
the control package and are available to the EMCS system as well. Additionally a fuel oil
inventory system is provided that can provide reports on the current fuel storage levels.
6.4.1.5.1
6.4.1.5.2
6.4.1.6
6.4.1.6.1
Chiller Room
The chiller room is located in the CUP and is heated and cooled via (2) horizontal blower
coil units hung from the structure above. The blower coils are sized to handle the heat
gain of the non-hermetic York chiller motors.
The room is continuously exhausted via a roof mounted exhaust fan to meet ventilation
requirements. Outside air is drawn in from a fixed open louver to the outdoors. In the
event of a refrigerant leak a refrigerant detection system has been provided which will
increase the room exhaust to be in compliance with ASHRAE 15.
6.4.1.6.2
Boiler Room
The boiler room is cooled and ventilated via (2) roof mounted exhaust fans and fixed open
louvers to provide make up air. The intake louvers are sized per NFPA requirements for
boiler combustion air make up with one louver residing within 1' of the floor slab and the
other 1' from the roof structure. During winter operation the boiler combustion air is
tempered by (2) horizontal hot water unit heaters mounted at the louver intakes. Hot water
unit heaters are also provided as required within the room to supplement the radiated heat
from the steam boilers.
Motorized dampers are not provided for the boiler combustion air make up louvers due to
the mission critical nature of the room. Failure of actuators or end switches to operate
correctly could compromise the ability of the boilers to operate causing a dangerous
situation for the facility.
6.4.1.6.3
Generator Rooms
Each generator room is provided with fixed open louvers sized to make up the generator
radiator and combustion air requirements. Summer ventilation is provided via a roof
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mounted exhaust fan in each generator room controlled by room temperature. A hot water
unit heater is provided for each generator room and is sized to maintain the room at 55F
when the generators are not in operation.
Motorized dampers are not provided for the louvers due to the mission critical nature of the
room. Failure of actuators or end switches to operate correctly could compromise the
ability of the generators to operate causing a dangerous situation for the facility. Gravity
backdraft dampers are provided to help limit infiltration while providing a failsafe pathway
for the generator combustion and radiator cooling airflows.
6.4.1.6.4
6.4.1.6.5
6.4.1.6.6
6.4.2
6.4.2.1
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Unit Configuration has been submitted in response to RFI #79 that goes into depth the
advantages of the alternative system provided.
The proposed mechanical system is a 100% DOAS with custom chilled water air handling
units with duct zoning that provides the capability to isolate each department. The system
provides the following benefits to CRDAMCR:
Improves indoor air quality by continuously exceeding the minimum outside air
ventilation standards required by the UFC and ASHRAE.
Mitigates risk associated with airborne infection by providing 100% outside air and
eliminating recirculation of air.
Maximizes system flexibility for future renovations with the capability to achieve all UFC
or ASHRAE ventilation requirements for any space type without modifications.
Exceeds the minimum USGBC energy savings and contributes to LEED Gold
Certification.
Exceeds the EPACT 2005 energy saving goal of 30% lower than ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2004 in a lifecycle cost-effective manner
Achieves the 2007 Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA 2007) energy savings
goal lower than the database for similar projects in a lifecycle cost effective manner.
Incorporates the Integrated Building Systems (IBS) design intent by utilizing identical
custom air handling units throughout the project with a headered ductwork
arrangement that allows for equipment redundancy and ease of maintenance
Provides accessible and logical distribution network throughout the interstitial zone to
meet the IBS intent.
The hospital and clinic mechanical systems utilize outside air pre-conditioning sections that
recover the energy of the building exhaust air to pre-condition the outside air. These
outside air pre-conditioning sections are located in mechanical penthouses at the roof of
the clinics and patient bed tower, and in the main third floor mechanical room of the
hospital, adjacent to the air handling units. Energy recovery is achieved through the use of
enthalpy wheels with proven long term performance, minimal maintenance, and consistent
reliability. As added value to the Government and a commitment to the quality of this
product, a 10-year full service manufacturers warranty for the enthalpy wheels has been
provided.
After passing through the enthalpy wheels, the pre-conditioned outside air continues into
identical 45,000 cfm custom chilled water air-handlers manufactured by Temtrol. For each
mechanical room several air handlers are grouped together to feed a common duct header
that then route out of the mechanical room to serve each occupied smoke zone. The
headered arrangement allows for multiple levels of redundancy. Each central air handling
unit has an array of 9 supply fan cells, where 8 are active and one is standby. This
redundancy allows for an air handling unit to maintain system airflow even in the event of a
fan failure or maintenance outage. Secondly if an entire unit were to go off line for
maintenance, the other units can ramp up to help support it to allow all zones to remain
occupied until maintenance is complete.
After leaving the associated mechanical room, the ducting proceeds through the IBS level
to feed each of the building's smoke zones. The duct layout is arranged such that a single
smoke damper (or pair for some zones to enhance the duct layout) can be closed to isolate
a given smoke zone from other smoke zones served by the same system. All ductwork is
sealed to SMACNA seal class A standards and is constructed with spiral where space
permits with the remaining ductwork constructed rectangular.
BALFOUR BEATTY : McCARTHY Joint Venture
HKS, Inc. / WINGLER & SHARP
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Constant volume terminal hot water reheat boxes located in the IBS level are provided for
the final distribution into the occupied spaces. These boxes are located at chest level in
the IBS for ease of maintenance and have rigid ducting downstream that penetrates the
IBS floor slab down into the connection zone. Fire stopping is provided for each duct
penetration through the IBS slab. Flex duct is provided in the connection zone to make the
final attachment to ceiling mounted supply diffusers.
General building humidification is accomplished with injection of chemical free steam at the
central air handling units, and is designed to maintain 30% RH for the building. Additional
trim humidifiers are provided for NYIC1 and NYIR1 spaces as required to meet room
design criteria in UFC 4-510-01, Appendix A.
Outside air intakes are located in compliance with both healthcare criteria and with AntiTerrorism criteria. Intakes for the main hospital building are located on the 3rd floor and
Bedtower Penthouse level. OA intakes for the Clinic buildings are located on the 2nd and
3rd floor Penthouse levels.
6.4.2.2
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6.4.2.3
6.4.2.4
6.4.2.5
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conditioning before feeding the distribution ductwork. Access doors are provided for entry
into both sides of the enthalpy wheels for maintenance.
The upper level of the housing is the exhaust air deck. Exhaust air is pulled into the
housing from the exhaust duct system in a counterflow direction opposite of the outside air
below. The air passes through the enthalpy wheels and once on the opposite side is drawn
into the neighboring exhaust fan housing for expulsion from the building. Access to the
exhaust deck is provided via ladders from the outside air deck below.
6.4.2.6
Acoustic analysis indicated that unit mounted silencers are not required for the AHUs that
are served by the south bank of enthalpy wheels in the Level 3 mechanical room as
assumed during preliminary design. While the main focus of the fan arrays are to provide
additional system level redundancy, a secondary benefit is the reduced overall sound
power that fan arrays provide in comparison to a typical single or dual fan AHU. The lower
sound power from these units helps mitigate downstream attenuation to help save energy.
Refer to Mechanical Calculations binder for full acoustic analysis.
6.4.2.7
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The exhaust from each OR is collected via low wall exhaust grilles and is regulated by a
pressure independent variable volume exhaust valve box for each OR allowing
independent control. The supply and exhaust valves are programmed for an airflow offset
to maintain a positive space pressure. Downstream of the exhaust valves the exhaust flow
ties into (2) independent exhaust headers that route back to the north group of enthalpy
wheel housings in the Level 3 mechanical room. The exhaust is routed through a
dedicated enthalpy wheel, which is isolated from the main general exhaust system, for
energy recovery. After exiting the enthalpy wheel housing the air is ducted to (2) dedicated
inline mixed flow exhaust fans and is expelled from the building via wall louvers. Each fan
is sized to handle (4) occupied and (4) unoccupied ORs to provide additional redundancy.
Humidification is accomplished with injection of chemical free steam at each of the (4)
operating room air handling units, and are designed to maintain 30% RH for the rooms.
Each operating room is provided with a pressure monitoring system to ensure that each OR
remains pressurized to the dirty corridor. Refer to the associated sequences of operation
and P&IDs for detailed information on pressure monitoring approach, ranges, and alarm
points.
6.4.2.7.1
6.4.2.7.2
6.4.2.8
C-Section Rooms
The C-Section room is served by a dedicated chilled water variable volume AHU with back
up capability during maintenance events from the Lvl 3 central air handling system. Each
C-Section room is provided with a variable volume terminal box with reheat capability so
that each room is its own independent zone. The terminal boxes are programmed to run at
a constant volume for occupied times and constant volume but at a reduced rate for
unoccupied times. Final filters are provided for all supply diffusers in the C-Section rooms
and are diffuser mounted. To meet the UFC the C-Section AHU has the capability to go
into full recirculation mode during an ATFP event.
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The exhaust from each C-Section room is collected via low wall exhaust grilles and is
regulated by a pressure independent variable volume exhaust valve box for each room
allowing independent control. The supply and exhaust valves are programmed for an
airflow offset to maintain a positive space pressure. Downstream of the exhaust valves the
exhaust from each room is headered together and routes to a dedicated exhaust fan
located in the Lvl 3 Mech Rm. For redundancy the exhaust can be temporarily routed to
the Lvl3 North general exhaust system during times of fan maintenance..
Each C-Section room is provided with a pressure monitoring system to ensure that each
OR remains pressurized to surrounding corridor. Refer to the associated sequences of
operation and P&IDs for detailed information on pressure monitoring approach, ranges, and
alarm points.
6.4.2.8.1
6.4.2.9
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duty with exhaust stacks to expel the air a minimum of 20' above the roof line. The BSL-3
lab areas are provided with quick response, low leakage type laboratory grade exhaust
valves that track the supply valves to maintain the UFC mandated pressure relationships.
The exhaust is then routed to the roof above the Pathology department, pass through (2)
N+1 redundant (one standby) HEPA filter banks with associated (2) N+1 exhaust fans sized
at 100% duty each before being discharged up and out of exhaust stacks at a minimum of
20' above the roof line. Exhaust connections to any Type II A2 hood, Type II B2 hood,
grossing station, fume hood, or biological safety cabinet in the BSL-2 or BSL-3 is provided
with laboratory grade exhaust valves as described above.
The BSL-3 and portions of the BSL-2 system are provided with a pressure monitoring
system to ensure that each space maintains its design pressurization Refer to the
associated sequences of operation and P&IDs for detailed information on pressure
monitoring approach, ranges, and alarm points.
The BSL-2 and BSL-3 exhaust has been located such that it is located approximately 150 ft
to the east from the closest outside air intake. Additionally being east of the closest outside
air intake means that the north and south prevailing winds take the exhaust flow away from
the building in both instances.
6.4.2.9.1
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operational sequence that includes temperature, carbon dioxide levels, and space humidity
control. The primary control is to maintain space temperature, but the terminals have a
setpoint offset to preferentially load the radiant floor. Secondly the volume is allowed to
reset down based on space carbon dioxide levels when supplemental cooling is not
required as a part of demand controlled ventilation system to save additional energy. The
design allows modulation from the ASHRAE 62.1 minimum outside air rate down to the
area based ventilation rate. Lastly, the supply volume can be reset upwards based on
space humidity levels to ensure the dew point remains within UFC bounds and well below
the slab floor temperature. A relief fan is provided in the ceiling plenum of the dining area
and is modulated to maintain a positive pressure in the lobby area to limit infiltration.
6.4.2.11 Kitchen Exhaust System
The kitchen and servery for CRDAMCR is split between two floors with the main kitchen
located in the Basement and the main servery area located on Level 1. The basement
level also includes the pot wash and ware wash equipment that serves both levels. To help
meet the aggressive energy conservation goals for the facility, an innovative variable
exhaust system is used for the kitchen hoods over the heat and grease producing
equipment. The system modulates the exhaust flow of the hoods with UL listed volume
dampers based on an internal algorithm that takes into account exhaust temperature,
exhaust particulate, and cooking surface temperature. By modulating the exhaust airflows
to better match the actual usage, exhaust fan energy is saved year round for all partial
cooking times. Additionally for further energy savings the make up air for the kitchen
system is also set to track the exhaust volume to save both fan and cooling plant energy.
The terminal boxes for the kitchen are allowed to modulate up from the UFC minimum air
change rate to maintain space temperature or to make up the current hood exhaust
volume. When the kitchen hoods are totally off the terminal boxes go to their UFC
minimums and a general exhaust system exhausts the air to mitigate any odor spread from
the kitchen area to other portions of the building.
The terminal boxes for the servery modulate to maintain space temperature only. Because
the servery is permanently open to the Dinning/Lobby/Concourse area, the remaining make
up air for the hoods is transferred from that area. When the kitchen hoods are totally off the
terminal boxes go to their UFC minimums and any excess air is relieved out of the building
through the Lobby/Dining/Concourse relief air system.
The moisture laden air from the ware wash and pot wash hood equipment is provided with
independent constant volume systems and is enabled continuously to meet UFC air
change requirements.
6.4.2.12 Electric / Telecommunication Rooms
6.4.2.12.1 Main Electric Rooms
The main hospital/clinic electric room located on Lvl 1 of the hospital is provided with 4-pipe
chilled and hot water fan coil units that are installed above access aisles as required to
meet access and NEC requirements. Fan coil units are sized to handle the envelope
transmission loads in addition to the electrical equipment heat gains. To meet the mission
critical provisions as required by the UFC, the fan coil units and associated controls are
backed up with emergency generator power. Ventilation air is provided in compliance with
ASHRAE guidelines via wall mounted supply grilles.
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exhaust system and is located above the ceiling and accessible via a catwalk from the local
IBS zone. The reflected ceiling plan of the entry Lobby, Dining area, and Concourse is
designed to provide the necessary free area for smoke from the occupied areas to be
pulled vertically into the ceiling plenum where it is drawn over to the intakes of the exhaust
fans and expelled out of the building through dedicated louvered penthouses on the lobby
roof in proximity to the fans below. The calculations for required exhaust volumes and
further detail on life safety systems can be found in the associated narrative.
6.4.2.13.2 Stairwell Pressurization System
Exit stairs 02, 03, and 04 in the hospital are over 75 ft in height and, therefore, require stair
pressurization meeting NFPA 101. Each high-rise hospital stair has an independent
pressurization fan system. Stair 03 and 04 has roof mounted utility set fans that feed a
duct riser that is routed inside of each stairwell behind a chase wall to deliver pressurization
air at multiple vertical points within the stairwell. Stair 02 offsets horizontally on Levels 3
and 4 of the hospital, so to better serve this condition (1) fan is located on the roof of Lvl 6
to feed the upper floors while (1) additional fan is located on the roof of Lvl 3 to feed the
lower floors. The Stair 02 fans have direct injection into the stairwell and do not have a
ducted riser. Each stairwell is provided with barometric relief venting to maintain
appropriate pressurization levels. Further detail on life safety systems can be found in the
associated narrative.
6.4.2.13.3 IBS Manual Purge Exhaust System
UFC 4-510-01 - Section 12-14.5.3 requires a means for purging the distribution zone (IBS
level) of smoke and other products of combustion for post fire operations. The system has
to be manually enabled and have the ability to be remote controlled from the fire
emergency control center. The system is comprised with normally closed constant air
volume terminal boxes with an associated low leakage isolation damper on the supply air
system on one side of a given IBS area. On the opposite side of a given IBS zone area,
normally closed low leakage isolation dampers are installed on some of the ends of the
typical exhaust branch ducts. When the manual purge cycle is initiated the supply terminal
boxes open and provide metered 100% outside air from the DOAS system directly into the
IBS zone. The air then flush the smoke across the IBS zone and be exhausted by the main
exhaust system.
6.4.2.13.4 Patient Sleeping Room Smoke Control
Zoned smoke control is provided throughout smoke compartments with patient sleeping
rooms, in accordance with Section 12-14.5 of UFC 4-510-01. The design approach is to
isolate the zone of incidence. If a smoke event is detected in the associated areas the
supply and exhaust smoke dampers are commanded closed by the fire alarm command
system.
6.4.2.14 IBS Emergency Heating System
Low temperature maintenance of the IBS levels is provided by the terminal boxes
associated with the IBS Manual Purge Exhaust System. A small volume of supply airflow is
discharged into the IBS if at any time the IBS space reaches a low limit of 55F.
Programming is provided to modulate the hot water heating valve to maintain a minimum
temperature of 55F. Note that based on the winter design temperature, calculations
indicate the IBS will naturally remain warmer than 55F from the heat gains through the IBS
from the space below. Heating capability has been provided as an emergency back up
measure for extreme winter conditions.
BALFOUR BEATTY : McCARTHY Joint Venture
HKS, Inc. / WINGLER & SHARP
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6.4.4
6.4.5
6.4.6
6.4.6.1
Model Extraction
An extraction from the Revit model produces a database of all the rooms and spaces in the
model with their corresponding equipment and JSN numbers. Other information extracted
includes room area in square feet, department name, UFC room code, unique room
identifier, and floor reference.
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6.4.6.2
Shell Loads
TRACE version 6.2.6.5 was utilized to model all the exterior exposure types in the building.
All aspects of the building were modeled including shading, various types of glass and
walls, and all of the unique exposure orientations. Room by room take-offs were completed
to get an accurate representation of wall and window square footages for each room.
These square footages were used in conjunction with the TRACE model outputs to
calculate a total heat gain for each space from the building skin.
6.4.6.3
Internal Loads
The load calculation process accounts for the following internal space loads:
6.4.6.4
Equipment Load: The Revit Model extraction process allows for every piece of heat
generating equipment in the building to be associated with a specific room. Utilizing
the MILST1691 document in conjunction with ASHRAE standards and the UFC code
allows for an accurate equipment load calculation to be completed for each room in the
building.
Lighting Load: Information provided by the electrical contractor and UFC minimum
requirements for each space are utilized and compared to calculate the heat gain from
lighting.
Occupant Load: A room by room evaluation is used to determine the number of
occupants for each space to ensure that a proper sensible and latent heat gain is
applied to each space.
Sensible Cooling Airflow: This calculation utilizes the UFC required temperatures for
each space along with the equipment load, shell load, and all other internal loads to
calculate the airflow required for cooling.
Sensible Heating Airflow: This calculation utilizes the exposure data and the UFC
required heating temperature to calculate the required airflow to heat the space with the
integrated heating coil in each CAV box.
UFC Minimum Air Change Airflow: This calculation utilizes the UFC minimum air
change rate specified in Appendix A along with the space data to calculate the airflow
required to achieve the minimum number of air changes required.
ASHRAE Minimum OA Airflow: When applicable, ASHRAE standard 62.1-2007
Outdoor Airflow Rates are calculated to ensure that industry standard ventilation rates
are being met.
The calculations described above are all compared and the highest calculated airflow is
chosen to ensure that all space requirements are met. Microsoft Excel was chosen for the
final output as it allows for formatting that clearly displays the driving factors for each room
airflow in a layout that is easy to review.
6.4.7
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