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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 16 PDCP Header Compression...................................................................................16-1
16.1 Introduction................................................................................................................... 16-1
16.1.1 Definition............................................................................................................. 16-1
16.1.2 Purposes............................................................................................................ 16-1
16.1.3 Terms and Abbreviations....................................................................................16-2
16.2 Availability..................................................................................................................... 16-5
16.2.1 Network Elements Involved................................................................................16-5
16.2.2 Software Releases............................................................................................. 16-5
16.2.3 Miscellaneous..................................................................................................... 16-5
16.3 Impact........................................................................................................................... 16-6
16.3.1 On System Performance....................................................................................16-6
16.3.2 On Other Features.............................................................................................. 16-6
16.4 Technical Description.................................................................................................... 16-6
16.4.1 PDCP Header Compression Configuration Model..............................................16-6
16.4.2 Overview of Header Compression......................................................................16-6
16.4.3 System Architecture............................................................................................ 16-7
16.4.4 Process for Header Compression.....................................................................16-10
16.4.5 Implementation of PDCP Header Compression by Huawei RNC.....................16-16
16.5 Capabilities................................................................................................................. 16-18
16.6 Implementation........................................................................................................... 16-18
16.6.1 Enabling PDCP Header Compression..............................................................16-18
16.6.2 Reconfiguring PDCP Header Compression Parameters..................................16-19
16.6.3 Disabling PDCP Header Compression.............................................................16-20
16.7 Maintenance Information.............................................................................................16-20
16.7.1 Alarms............................................................................................................... 16-20
16.7.2 Counters........................................................................................................... 16-20
16.8 References.................................................................................................................. 16-22
List of Figures
List of Figures
Figure 16-1 PDCP Header Compression configuration model............................................16-6
Figure 16-2 Block diagram of header compression.............................................................16-7
Figure 16-3 UMTS structure for the PS domain..................................................................16-8
Figure 16-4 User plane of the protocol stack for the PS domain.........................................16-9
Figure 16-5 PDCP structure in the radio interface protocol architecture.............................16-9
Figure 16-6 Process for header compression...................................................................16-10
Figure 16-7 Exponentially increasing period after a change.............................................16-14
List of Tables
List of Tables
Table 16-1 NEs required for PDCP header compression....................................................16-5
Table 16-2 RAN products and related versions...................................................................16-5
Table 16-3 PDCP header compression counters...............................................................16-21
Traffic measurement
2)
The packets are decompressed to their original status when they are received at
the other end of the link.
16.1.2 Purposes
PDCP header compression is applied for the following purposes.
PDCP header compression shortens response time and improves the echoing rate of
characters.
Description
An IPv6 base header, an IPv6 extension header, an IPv4 header,
a UDP header, or a TCP header.
Subheader
A chain of subheaders.
chain
Compress
Decompress
Context
identifier (CID)
Context
Generation
Term
Packet stream
Description
A sequence of packets that have similar headers and share a
context.
Full header
Regular
header
generation.
Incorrect
decompression
Differential
coding
Multi-hop
II. Abbreviations
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
ARPU
BER
CN
Core Network
FTP
HC
Header Compression
GGSN
GPRS
Abbreviation
Full Spelling
GSM
GTP-U
IP
Internet Protocol
IPv4
IPv6
MTU
PDCP
QoS
Quality of Service
RAB
RB
Radio Bearer
RFC
RLC
RNC
RTP
RTT
SAP
SDU
SGSN
TCP
UDP
UE
User Equipment
UTRAN
WCDMA
16.2 Availability
16.2.1 Network Elements Involved
Table 1.1 describes the NEs involved with PDCP header compression.
Table 1.1 NEs required for PDCP header compression
UE
NodeB
RNC
MSC
MGW
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
Server
Note:
: not required
: required
Note:
This chapter describes only the availability of the UE and the RNC.
BSC6800
Version
Remark
releases
compression
releases
compressions
16.2.3 Miscellaneous
PDCP header compression is an optional feature of Huawei UMTS RAN. The
corresponding license must be bought to enable the feature.
16.3 Impact
16.3.1 On System Performance
None.
FRC.Class
CORRMALGOSWITCH.Class
Source IP address
Destination IP address
Port information
Protocol ID
Sequence number
For TCP packets in telecommunications, many fields are constant and others change
with small and predictable values. Depending on whether the fields remain constant
or change in specific patterns, some fields can be either excluded from each packet
or represented in a smaller number of bits. This is described as header compression.
Header compression uses the concept of packet stream context. A context is a set of
data about field values and value change patterns in the packet header. For each
packet stream, the context is formed at the compressor and the decompressor. After
the context is established on both sides, the compressor can compress the packets.
Figure 1.1 shows the block diagram of header compression.
Packet stream
Packet stream in
forward direction
Header
compression
Compressed packets
Header
decompression
Feedback
Context
Context
The header compression function is provided by the RNC. Packet data is transferred
from the Internet or other external networks to the RNC by the GGSN and SGSN
through the GPRS Tunnel Protocol (GTP). The RNC relays the packet data to the UE.
Uu
lu
VLR
USIM
Cu
lub
HLR
NodeB
SGSN
RNC
ME
GGSN
Internet
NodeB
UE
UTRAN
CN
External
networks
2)
Sends the compressed data to the RLC module on the lower layer.
3)
Further processes the data on lower layers and then sends the data to the UE
through the Uu interface.
2)
Sends the data to the PDCP sub layer and decompresses it.
3)
That is the process of downlink data transfer. The uplink data transfer is of the same
principle.
Application
E.g., IP,
PPP
E.g., IP,
PPP
Relay
Relay
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
MAC
MAC
AAL5
AAL5
L2
L2
L1
ATM
ATM
L1
L1
Uu
Iu-PS
UE
UTRAN
L1
Gn
3G SGSN
Gi
3G GGSN
Figure 3.1 User plane of the protocol stack for the PS domain
...
PDCP sublayer
C-SAP
PDCP entity
PDCP entity
HC protocol
type 1
SDU
numbering
HC protocol
type 2
HC protocol
type 1
HC protocol
type 2
PDCP entity
HC protocol
type 1
RLC-SDU
...
UM-SAP
AM-SAP
TM-SAP RLC
associated with one or two (one for each direction) RLC entities, depending on the
RB characteristic (namely, unidirectional or bidirectional) and RLC mode.
PDCP in the RNC and UE performs header compression on IP data streams at the
transmitting entity, and header decompression at the receiving entity. The headers
include TCP/IP and RTP/UDP/IP ones for IPv4 and IPv6. Every PDCP entity uses
zero, one, or several different header compression protocol types.
Output
Feedback
Header request
algorithm
Compressor
Yes
Compressible chain
of header judgment
algorithm
Decompression
fails again?
Packet stream
judgment algorithm
Twice algorithm
No
Yes
Packet
stream type
Non-TCP
Slow-start algorithm
Decompression
fails?
No
TCP
Decompressor
Periodic header
refresh algorithm
A TCP header
A UDP header
An IPv4 header
The compressible chain of subheaders extends from the beginning of the
header. It includes the following two types:
A chain beginning from but not including the first header that is not an IPv4
header, an IPv6 base or extension header, a TCP header, or a UDP header
A chain beginning from and including the first TCP header, UDP header,
fragment header, Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) header, or IPv4 header
for a fragment
Both types fit a chain of subheaders that contain a fragment header and ends at a
tunneled IPX packet. Since the second type gives a shorter chain, the compressible
chain of subheaders stops at the fragment header.
An implementation MUST NOT compress more than the initial MAX_HEADER (Max
control header size [byte]) bytes of a header. An implementation MUST NOT
partially compress a subheader. Thus, the part of the header that is stored as context
and is compressed is the longest initial sequence of entire subheaders that is not
larger than MAX_HEADER (Max control header size [byte]) bytes.
Parameter:
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
MAXHEADER
GUI Range
6065535
byte
Default Value
168
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET FRC
Description:
As a PDCP specified parameter, it indicates the maximum control header size in
bytes that may be compressed.
2)
Checks the contents of an upper layer protocol header, such as TCP or UDP.
3)
If too many fields are used for identification, performance might suffer because more
CIDs will be used and the wrong CIDs might be reused when new flows need CIDs. If
too few fields are used for identification, performance might suffer because there are
too frequent changes to the context.
The CID spaces for TCP and non-TCP are separate. Therefore, a TCP CID and a
non-TCP CID never identify the same context even if they have the same value.
When the same number of bits is used for the CIDs, it only doubles the available CID
space. The maximum CID value configured for TCP is called TCPSPACE (Max CID v
alue for TCP connections). The maximum CID value configured for non-TCP is calle
d NONTCPSPACE (Max CID value for non-TCP connections).
Huawei Technologies Proprietary
12
Parameter:
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
TCPSPACE
GUI Range
3255
None
Default Value
15
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET FRC
Description:
As a PDCP specified parameter, it indicates the maximum CID value used for TCP
connections.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
NONTCPSPACE
GUI Range
365535
None
Default Value
15
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET FRC
Description:
As a PDCP specified parameter, it indicates the maximum CID used for non-TCP
connections.
variable keeps track of how many compressed headers are sent between full
headers. When the headers of a non-TCP packet stream change so that its context
changes, a full header is sent and F_PERIOD is set to 1. After F_PERIOD
compressed headers are sent, a full header is sent. F_PERIOD is doubled each time
a full header is sent during compression slow-start.
Parameter ID
F_MAX_PERIOD
GUI Range
165535
None
Default Value
256
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET FRC
Description:
As a parameter specified in PDCP, it indicates the maximum number of
compressed non-TCP headers that may be sent without a full header. The word
"compressed" means some unnecessary header information is not transmitted with
the packet data so as to save network resource.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
GUI Range
1255
Default Value
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET FRC
Description:
As a PDCP specified parameter, it indicates the maximum duration for sending
compressed headers after the last full header is sent.
F_MAX_TIME
(Max
time
for
sending
compressed
headers[s])
is
Parameter ID
CHSWITCH:
FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH
GUI Range
01
None
Default Value
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
Description:
When it is checked and the PDCP header compression license is enabled, the
PDCP header compression algorithm will be applied in the RNC.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
CHSWITCH:
PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH
GUI Range
01
None
Default Value
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH
Description:
When it is checked and the PDCP header compression function is enabled, the
PDCP header compression algorithm for IPv6 will be applied in the RNC.
Parameter Name
Parameter ID
RFC2507DEFPARASWITCH
GUI Range
DISABLE, ENABLE
None
Default Value
ENABLE
Optional/Mandatory
Optional
MML Command
SET FRC
Description:
RFC2507 default parameter switch
16.5 Capabilities
None.
16.6 Implementation
16.6.1 Enabling PDCP Header Compression
I. Hardware Installation
This feature does not need extra hardware.
2)
3)
Execute the ACT LICENSE command on the M2000 or the RNC LMT to activate
the new license.
FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH
PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH
2)
FMAXPERIOD
FMAXTIME
MAXHEADER
TCPSPACE
NONTCPSPACE
V. Examples
// Enable the FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH and the
PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH.
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: ChSwitch=FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH1&PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH-1;
// Verify the feature activation.
LST CORRMALGOSWITCH: LstFormat=VERTICAL;
// The result indicates that the activation succeeds.
FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH
PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH
III. Examples
// Disable the PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH.
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH-0;
// Verify the reconfiguration.
LST CORRMALGOSWITCH: LstFormat=VERTICAL;
// The result indicates that the reconfiguration succeeds.
III. Examples
// Disable the FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH and the
PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: ChSwitch=FRC_PDCP_COMPRESS_SWITCH0&PDCP_IPV6_HEAD_COMPRESS_SWITCH-0;
// Verify the deactivation.
LST CORRMALGOSWITCH: LstFormat=VERTICAL;
// The result indicates that the deactivation succeeds.
16.7.2 Counters
The related counters belong to RNC -> RNC PDCPGTPU, where RNC refers to the
measurement type, and RNC PDCPGTPU refers to the measurement unit. Table 1.1
describes the counters.
Table 1.1 PDCP header compression counters
Counter
Description
VS.PDCP.DL.IPV4
VS.PDCP.UL.IPV4
VS.PDCP.DL.IPV6
VS.PDCP.UL.IPV6
VS.PDCP.DL.PPP
VS.PDCP.UL.PPP
VS.PDCP.DL.2507.TCP
VS.PDCP.DL.2507.Other
VS.PDCP.DL.NoCompress
VS.PDCP.UL.DecompressError
VS.PDCP.DL.PktSize.Mean
VS.PDCP.UL.PktSize.Mean
VS.PDCP.DL.PktHeader.Mean
VS.PDCP.UL.PktHeader.Mean
VS.GTP.DL.PktDist.1.200
VS.GTP.DL.PktDist.201.500
VS.GTP.DL.PktDist.501.1000
VS.GTP.DL.PktDist.1001.Max
VS.GTP.UL.PktDist.1.200
Counter
Description
VS.GTP.UL.PktDist.201.500
VS.GTP.UL.PktDist.501.1000
VS.GTP.UL.PktDist.1001.Max
VS.PDCP.DL.HdrCompressRatio
VS.PDCP.DL.PktCompressRatio
16.8 References