TECHNICAL DATA

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR TURNING.................................................. N002

CHIP CONTROL FOR TURNING............................................................ N004
EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS FOR TURNING........................ N005
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR TURNING............................... N007
FORMULAS FOR CUTTING................................................................... N011
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR MILLING................................................... N012
FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES FOR FACE MILLING...................... N013
FORMULAS FOR MILLING. ................................................................... N016
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING........................................... N017
END MILL FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION...................................... N018
END MILL TYPE AND GEOMETRY. ...................................................... N019
PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED....................................................... N020
TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING................................................. N021
DRILL WEAR CONDITION AND CUTTING EDGE DAMAGE. .............. N022
DRILL TERMINOLOGY AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS.............. N023
FORMULAS FOR DRILLING.................................................................. N026
TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE. ................................................................ N027
MATERIAL CROSS REFERENCE LIST................................................. N028
SURFACE ROUGHNESS........................................................................ N032
HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE...................................................... N033
CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS................................................................ N034
GRADE CHAIN........................................................................................ N035
GRADE COMPARISON TABLE. ............................................................ N036
INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISION TABLE................................ N041

N001

TECHNICAL DATA

TROUBLE SHOOTING

Thermal cracking

Worsening Dimensional Accuracy

Poor Surface
Finish
Heat
Generation

TECHNICAL DATA

N002

Dry
a

Wet

Improper insert
tolerance

Large cutting resistance

and cutting edge flank

Improper cutting
conditions

Welding occurs

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Wet
a

Vibration occurs

Improper cutting
conditions

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Lack of rigidity

Cutting heat creates

deterioration in
machining accuracy
and tool life

Wet

Built-up edge

Worsening
surface
roughness

Lack of cutting
edge strength

Improper tool grade

Improper cutting
conditions

Machining accuracy
not maintained
adjustment is
necessary each time

Machine with Inadequate

Horsepower and Rigidity

Honing Strengthens
the Cutting Edge
Class of Insert
(Unground-Ground)

Lead Angle

Corner Radius

Rake Angle

Depth of Cut

Feed Rate

Cutting Speed

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Improper tool grade

Dimensional
unevenness
during
machining

Toolholder Overhang

Short Tool Life

Down

Improper cutting
conditions

Chipping and
fracturing of
cutting edge

Up

Installation of the Tool and

Workpiece

Rapid
insert wear

Down

Cutting
Fluids

Machine and
Installation of Tool
Improve Tool Holder Rigidity

Improper tool grade

Up

Style and Design

of the Tool
Select Chip Breaker

Cutting
Conditions

Do Not Use Watersoluble Cutting Fluid

Determine Dry or
Wet Cutting

or

Select a Grade with Better

Thermal Shock Resistance
Select a Grade with Better
Adhesion Resistance

ct

Select a Tougher Grade

Trouble

Fa

Insert Grade
Selection
Select a Harder Grade

Solutions

FOR TURNING

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Wet
a

Dry
a

TECHNICAL DATA

Wide chip control

range

Small chip control

range

Wet

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Broken into
short lengths
and scatter

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Improper cutting
conditions

Vibration occurs

Uncontrolled,
continuous /
tangled

Wet

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Improper cutting
conditions

Vibration occurs

Roughness
(Mild steel)

Chip Control

Honing Strengthens
the Cutting Edge
Class of Insert
(Unground-Ground)

Lead Angle

Corner Radius

Rake Angle

Depth of Cut

Feed Rate

Cutting Speed
a

Improper cutting
conditions

Improper cutting
conditions

Machine with Inadequate

Horsepower and Rigidity

Improper cutting
conditions

Improper tool grade

Toolholder Overhang

Burr / Chipping / Roughness

Down

Improper cutting
edge geometry

Chipping
(Cast iron)

Up

Installation of the Tool and

Workpiece

Burr

Steel,
(Aluminum
alloy )

Down

Cutting
Fluids

Machine and
Installation of Tool
Improve Tool Holder Rigidity

Notch wear occurs

Up

Style and Design

of the Tool
Select Chip Breaker

Cutting
Conditions

Do Not Use Watersoluble Cutting Fluid

Determine Dry or
Wet Cutting

or

Select a Grade with Better

Thermal Shock Resistance
Select a Grade with Better
Adhesion Resistance

ct

Select a Tougher Grade

Trouble

Fa

Insert Grade
Selection
Select a Harder Grade

Solutions

N003

TECHNICAL DATA

CHIP CONTROL FOR TURNING

y CHIP BREAKING CONDITIONS IN STEEL TURNING
Type

A Type

B Type

C Type

D Type

E Type

Curless

l > 2inch

l < 2inch
1 5 Curl

i 1 Curl

1 curlhalf curl

Small Depth
of Cut
d <.276"
Large Depth
of Cut
d=.276" .591"
Curl Length
l

a Irregular

continuous shape
a Tangle about
tool and workpiece

Note

a Regular

continuous shape
a Long chips

a Chip

Good

Good

scattering

a Chattering
a Poor

finished
surface
a Maximum

a Cutting Speed and Chip Control Range of Chip Breaker

In general, when cutting speed increases, the chip control range tends to become narrower.
vc=330SFM

Feed (IPR)

vc=490SFM

Feed (IPR)

Feed (IPR)

vc=165SFM

Depth of Cut (inch)

Depth of Cut (inch)

Workpiece : AISI 1045 (180HB)

Depth of Cut (inch)

Tool : MTJNR2525M16N

Insert : TNMG332

Dry Cutting

Grade : P10Grade

a Effects of Coolant on the Chip Control Range of a Chip Breaker

If the cutting speed is the same, the range of chip control differs according to whether coolant is used or not.
Coolant : Wet cutting
(Emulsion)

Feed (IPR)

Feed (IPR)

TECHNICAL DATA

Coolant : Dry cutting

Depth of Cut (inch)

Workpiece : AISI 1045
Cutting Condition : vc=330SFM

N004

Depth of Cut (inch)

EFFECTS OF CUTTING
CONDITIONS FOR TURNING
y EFFECTS OF CUTTING CONDITIONS

Ideal conditions for cutting are short cutting time, long tool life, and high cutting accuracy. In order to obtain these conditions,
selection of efficient cutting conditions and tool, based on work material, hardness, shape and machine capability is necessary.

y CUTTING SPEED

Cutting speed effects tool life greatly. Increasing cutting speed increases cutting temperature and results in shortening tool life.
Cutting speed varies depending on the type and hardness of the work material. Selecting a tool grade suitable for the cutting
speed is necessary.

Cutting Speed (SFM)

Workpiece : AISI 1045

Tool Life Standard : VB = .012inch
Depth of Cut : .059inch
Feed : .012IPR
Holder : MCLNR-164C
Insert : CNMG432
Dry Cutting

Tool Life (min)

P Class Grade Tool Life

Cutting Speed (SFM)

Workpiece : AISI 304

Tool Life Standard : .012inch
Depth of Cut : .059inch
Feed : .012IPR
Holder : MCLNR-164C
Insert : CNMG432MA
Dry Cutting

Tool Life (min)

M Class Grade Tool Life

Tool Life (min)

K Class Grade Tool Life

TECHNICAL DATA

Cutting Speed (SFM)

Workpiece : AISI No.45B Cast Iron

Tool Life Standard : .012inch
Depth of Cut : .059inch
Feed : .012IPR
Holder : MCLNR-164C
Insert : CNMG432
Dry Cutting

a Effects of Cutting Speed

1. Increasing cutting speed by 20% decreases tool life to 1/2. Increasing cutting speed by 50% decreases tool life to 1/5.
2. Cutting at low cutting speed (65130 SFM) tends to cause chattering. Thus, tool life is shortened.

N005

TECHNICAL DATA

EFFECTS OF CUTTING
CONDITIONS FOR TURNING
y FEED

In cutting with a general holder, feed is the distance a holder moves per workpiece revolution. In milling, feed is the distance a
machine table moves per cutter revolution divided by number of inserts. Thus, it is indicated as feed per tooth. Feed rate
relates to finished surface roughness.

a Effects of Feed
tool life.

2. Increasing feed rate increases cutting temperature and

flank wear. However, effects on the tool life is minimal
compared to cutting speed.
3. Increasing feed rate improves machining efficiency.

Flank Wear (inch)

1. Decreasing feed rate results in flank wear and shortens

Feed (IPR)
Cutting Conditions Workpiece : AISI 4340
Grade : STi10T
Depth of Cut ap=.040(inch) Cutting Speed vc=660(SFM)
Cutting Time Tc=10min

Feed and Flank Wear Relationship in Steel Turning

y DEPTH OF CUT

a Effects of Depth of Cut

1. Changing depth of cut doesn't effect tool life greatly.
2. Small depths of cut result in friction when cutting the
hardened layer of a workpiece. Thus tool life is

Flank Wear (inch)

Depth of cut is determined according to the required stock removal, shape of workpiece, power and rigidity of the machine and
tool rigidity.

shortened.
3. When cutting uncut or cast iron surfaces, the depth of
cut needs to be increased as much as the machine
power allows to avoid cutting impure hard layer with the
tip of cutting edge which prevents chipping and

TECHNICAL DATA

abnormal wear.

Depth of Cut (inch)

Cutting Conditions

Workpiece : AISI 4340

Feed f=.008(IPR)
Cutting Time Tc=10min

Grade : STi10T
Cutting Speed vc=660(SFM)

Depth of Cut and Flank Wear Relationship in Steel Turning

Depth of Cut

Uncut Surface

Roughing of Surface Layer that Includes Uncut Surface

N006

FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES

FOR TURNING
y RAKE ANGLE

Rake angle is a cutting edge angle that has large effects on cutting resistance, chip disposal, cutting temperature and tool life.

Vertical
Force (N)

Positive Insert

Cutting
Temperature (C)

Tool Life (min)

(+ )

5
gle 1
e An
Rak
6
-10
gle
gle
e An
e An
Rak
Rak

Positive Rake
Angle

Negative Rake
Angle
(- )
Negative
Insert

Depth of Cut .079inch

Feed .008IPR
Cutting Speed 330SFM

Depth of Cut .079inch

Feed .008IPR
Cutting Speed 330SFM

1.Increasing rake angle in the positive (+) direction

improves sharpness.
2.Increasing rake angle by 1 in the positive (+)
direction decreases cutting power by about 1%.
3.Increasing rake angle in the positive (+) direction
lowers cutting edge strength and in the negative
(-) direction increases cutting resistance.

Rake Face Mean

Temperature

Rake Angle ()

Cutting Speed (SFM)

Rake Angle and Tool Life

of Rake Angle

Cutting Resistance
Vertical Force

Cutting Conditions
Workpiece : Alloy steel Grade : STi10T
Dry Cutting

Cutting Conditions
Grade : STi10
Depth of Cut : .039inch
Feed : .013IPR
Workpiece : Alloy steel

Chip Disposal and Rake Angle

a Effects

Tool Life Standard : VB = .016inch

Depth of Cut : .039inch Feed = .013IPR

Cutting
Speed (SFM)

Tool Life
Standard
VB = .016
inch

When to Increase Rake Angle

in the Negative (-) Direction
u Hard workpiece.
u When cutting edge strength is

required such as in
interrupted cutting and uncut
surface cutting.

Effects of Rake Angle on

Cutting Speed, Vertical Force,
and Cutting Temperature

When to Increase Rake Angle

in the Positive (+) Direction
u Soft workpiece.
u Workpiece is easily machined.
u When workpiece or the

machine have poor rigidity.

y FLANK ANGLE

Flank angle prevents friction between flank face and workpiece resulting in smooth feed.

Flank Wear (inch)

Rake Angle 6

Large Flank Angle

D.O.C
(Same)

D.O.C
(Same)

Small
Flank Wear

Large
Flank Wear
Small Flank Angle

Flank angle creates a space between tool and workpiece.

Flank angle relates to flank wear.
a Effects

of Flank Angle

1.Increasing flank angle decreases flank wear

occurrence.
2.Increasing flank angle lowers cutting edge
strength.

Cutting Conditions

Flank Angle $

Flank Angle ($)

Workpiece : Alloy steel (200HB)

Grade : STi20
Depth of Cut : .039inch

Feed : .013IPR
Cutting Time : 20min

Flank Angle and Flank Wear Relationship

When to Decrease Flank Angle

u Hard workpieces.
u When cutting edge strength

is required.

re

ctu

Fra

TECHNICAL DATA

Wear Depth

Wear Depth

When to Increase Flank Angle

u Soft workpieces.
u Workpieces suffer from

work hardening easily.

N007

TECHNICAL DATA

FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES

FOR TURNING
y SIDE CUTTING EDGE ANGLE (LEAD ANGLE)

Side cutting edge angle lower impact load and effect feed force, back force, and chip thickness.

1.1
5B

f = Same

Workpiece : Alloy steel

Grade : STi120
Depth of Cut : .118inch
Feed : .008IPR
Dry Cutting

f = Same

0.97

0.8

kr = 30

kr = 15

Side Cutting Edge Angle and Chip Thickness

B : Chip Width
f : Feed
h : Chip Thickness
kr : Side Cutting
Edge Angle

le 15
Ang
0
dge
Angle
ing E
dge
Cutt
ing E
Side
Cutt
Side

kr = 0

7h

Tool Life (min)

1.04
B

f = Same

a Effects of Side Cutting Edge Angle (Lead Angle)

1. At the same feed rate, increasing the side cutting edge angle increases the chip
contact length and decreases chip thickness. As a result, the cutting force is
dispersed on a longer cutting edge and tool life is prolonged. (Refer to the chart.)
2. Increasing the side cutting edge angle increases force a'. Thus, thin, long
workpieces suffer from bending in some cases.
3. Increasing the side cutting edge angle decreases chip control.
4. Increasing the side cutting edge angle decreases the chip thickness and increases
chip width. Thus, breaking chips is difficult.
When to Decrease Lead Angle
u Finishing with small depth of

cut.
u Thin, long workpieces.
u When the machine has poor
rigidity.

When to Increase Lead Angle

u Hard workpieces which

produce high cutting

temperature.
u When roughing a large
diameter workpiece.
u When the machine has high
rigidity.

Cutting Speed (SFM)

Side Cutting Edge and Tool Life

a'

Receive force A.

Force A is divided
into a and a'.

y END CUTTING EDGE ANGLE

End cutting edge angle prevents wear on tool and workpiece

surface and is usually 5 15.
End Cutting
Edge Angle

a Effects of End Cutting Edge Angle

TECHNICAL DATA

1. Decreasing the end cutting edge angle increases cutting edge strength,
but it also increases cutting edge temperature.
2. Decreasing the end cutting edge angle increases the back force and
can result in chattering and vibration while machining.
3. Small end cutting edge angle in roughing and large angle in finishing
are recommended.

Side Flank Angle

y CUTTING EDGE INCLINATION

Cutting edge inclination indicates inclination of the rake face. In heavy

cutting, the cutting edge receives extremely large shock at the beginning
of cutting. Cutting edge inclination keeps the cutting edge from receiving
this shock and prevents fracturing. 3 5 in turning and 10 15 in milling
are recommended.

a Effects of Cutting Edge Inclination

1. Negative (-) cutting edge inclination disposes chips in the workpiece

direction, and positive (+) disposes chips in the opposite direction.
2. Negative (-) cutting edge inclination increases cutting edge strength, but
it also increases back force of cutting resistance. Thus, chattering easily
occurs.

N008

Back Relief Angle

True Rake
Angle

()
Cutting Edge
Inclination
Main Cutting Edge
Side Cutting
Edge Angle

End Cutting Edge

Angle
Corner Radius

Honing Angle

Round Honing

Chamfer Honing

R Honing
C Honing

R Honing
C Honing

Flat Land

Feed Force (N)

Tool Life (min)

Tool Life (Number of Impacts)

Land Width

Honing Width

Honing Width

Principal Force (N)

y HONING AND LAND

Honing and land are cutting edge shapes that

maintain cutting edge strength.
Honing can be round or chamfer type. The
optimal honing or / and land width is
approximately 1/2 of the feed.
Land is the narrow flat area on the rake or
flank face.

Honing Size (inch)

Honing Size (inch)
Workpiece : Alloy steel (220HB)
Grade : P10
Cutting Conditions : vc=525SFM ap=.059inch
f=.018IPR

Honing Size and Tool Life

Due to Fracturing

Honing Size and Tool Life

Due to Wear

R Honing

Back Force (N)

Workpiece : Alloy steel (280HB)

Grade : P10
Cutting Conditions : vc=655SFM ap=.059inch
f=.013IPR

C Honing

Honing Size (inch)

Workpiece : Alloy steel (220HB)
Grade : P10
Cutting Conditions : vc=333SFM ap=.059inch
f=.017IPR

Honing Size and Cutting Resistance

a Effects of Honing

When to Decrease Honing Size

u When finishing with small

depth of cut and small feed.

u Soft workpieces.
u When the workpiece and the
machine have poor rigidity.

When to Increase Honing Size

u Hard workpieces.
u When the cutting edge

strength is required such as

for uncut surface cutting and
interrupted cutting.
u When the machine has high
rigidity.

TECHNICAL DATA

1.Enlarging the honing increases cutting edge strength, and reduces fracturing.
2.Enlarging the honing increases flank wear occurrence. Honing size doesn't affect rake wear.
3.Enlarging the honing increases cutting resistance and chattering.

N009

TECHNICAL DATA

FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES

FOR TURNING
Feed
Theoretical
Surface
Roughness

Depth
of Cut

Feed

Corner Radius (inch)

Theoretical
Surface
Roughness

Depth
of Cut

Feed (IPR)

Finished Surface (!inch)

y CORNER RADIUS

Corner radius effects the cutting edge strength

and finished surface. In general, a corner
radius 2 3 times the feed is recommended.

Workpiece : Alloy steel (200HB)

Grade : P20
Cutting Speed : vc=395SFM ap=.020inch

Corner Radius (inch)

Corner Radius Size and Tool Life Due to Fracturing

a Effects of Corner Radius

1.Increasing the corner radius improves the surface

finish.
2.Increasing the corner radius improves cutting
edge strength.
3.Increasing the corner radius too much increases
the cutting resistance and causes chattering.
4.Increasing the corner radius decreases flank and
rake wear.
5.Increasing the corner radius too much results in
poor chip control.

Flank Wear
Crater Wear
(Crater Depth)

Crater Wear Depth (inch)

Workpiece : Alloy steel

(280HB)
Grade : P10
Cutting
Conditions : vc=330SFM
ap=.079inch
f=.013IPR

Flank Wear Width (inch)

Tool Life (Number of Impacts)

Corner Radius and Finished Surface

Corner Radius (inch)

Corner Radius Size and Tool Wear

When to Decrease Corner Radius

u Finishing with small depth of

cut.
u Thin, long workpieces.
u When the machine has poor
rigidity.

When to Increase Corner Radius

u When the cutting edge

strength is required such as

in interrupted cutting and
uncut surface cutting.
u When roughing a workpiece
with large diameter.
u When the machine has high
rigidity.

Feed (IPR)

TECHNICAL DATA

a Corner Radius and Chip Control Range

Workpiece : AISI 1045 (180HB)

Insert : TNGG331R
TNGG332R
TNGG333R
(STi10T)
(Side Cutting Edge angle 3)
Cutting Speed : vc=330SFM
Dry Cutting
Depth of Cut (inch)

(Note) Please refer to page N004 for chip shapes (A, B, C, D, E).

N010

Workpiece : Alloy steel

(200HB)
Grade : P10
Cutting
Conditions : vc=460SFM
ap=.079inch
f=.008IPR
Tc=10min

FORMULAS FOR CUTTING

y FEED ( f )

y CUTTING SPEED (vc)

vc (SFM)
Dm (inch)
) (3.14)
-1
n (min )

: Cutting Speed
: Workpiece Diameter
: Pi
: Main Axis Spindle Speed

: Feed per Revolution

f (IPR)
I (inch/min) : Cutting Length per Min.
-1
n (min )
: Main Axis Spindle Speed

(IPR)

(Problem) What is the cutting speed when the main axis spindle speed is
-1
700 min and external diameter is & 2" ?

(Problem) What is the feed per revolution when the main axis spindle speed is
-1
500min and cutting length per minute is 4.72 inch/min ?

(Answer) Substitute ) =3.14, Dm = 2, n = 700 into the formula.

(Answer) Substitute n=500, I=4.72 into the formula.

365SFM

.009IPR

Cutting speed is 365SFM.

Dm

y THEORETICAL FINISHED SURFACE ROUGHNESS (h)

y CUTTING TIME (Tc)

(min)

The answer is .009IPR.

Tc (min)
: Cutting Time
: Workpiece Length
Im (inch)
I (inch/min) : Cutting Length per Min.

(!inch)

h (!inch) : Finished Surface

Roughness
f (IPR) : Feed per Revolution
Re (inch) : Insert Corner Radius

(Problem) What is the cutting time when 4 inch workpiece is machined at

-1
1000min with feed= .008IPR ?

(Problem) What is the theoretical finished surface roughness when the insert
corner radius is .031inch and feed is .008IPR ?

(Answer) First, calculate the cutting length per min. from the feed and spindle speed.

(Answer) Substitute f= .008 IPR, R= .031 into the formula.

I = f n = .008 1000 = 8inch/min

!inch

Substitute the answer above into the formula.

Tc = Im =
l

4
8

The theoretical finished surface roughness is 258!inch.

= 0.5min

Feed

Feed

0.5 x 60 = 30 (sec.) The answer is 30 sec.

Depth
of Cut

Theoretical
Surface
Roughness

Depth
of Cut

Theoretical
Surface
Roughness

TECHNICAL DATA

(SFM)

N011

TECHNICAL DATA

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR MILLING

a
a

Improper cutting
conditions
Lack of cutting
edge strength
Thermal cracking
occurs

Poor Surface Finish

Burr / Chipping
Chip Control

TECHNICAL DATA

N012

Not parallel
or irregular
surface

Burr

a
a

a
a

a
a

Poor chip
disposal,
chip jamming
and chip
packing

Wet

Wet

a
a

a
a

a
a

Tool clearance

a
a

Poor sharpness

a
a

Poor sharpness

Corner angle is
too small

a
a

Vibration occurs

Welding occurs

Chip thickness
is too thin
Cutter diameter
is too small
Poor chip
disposal

Dry

A large corner
angle
Improper cutting
conditions

Chipping

Workpiece
bending

Large back
force
Chip thickness
is too large
Cutter diameter
is too large

Poor run-out
accuracy
Vibration occurs

Wet

Lack of rigidity

Welding occurs

Built-up edge
occurs

Worsening
surface
roughness

Machine with Inadequate

Horsepower and Rigidity

Improper cutting
edge geometry
Improper cutting
conditions

Improper cutting
conditions

Shorten Tool Overhang

Run-out Accuracy

Use of a Wiper Insert

Wider Chip Pocket

Down

Decrease the Number of Teeth

Honing Strengthens
the Cutting Edge
Cutter
Diameter

Corner Angle

Rake Angle

Engage Angle

Do Not Use Watersoluble Cutting Fluid

Determine Dry or
Wet Cutting

Depth of Cut

Feed Rate

Cutting Speed

Select a Grade with Better

Thermal Shock Resistance
Select a Grade with Better
Adhesion Resistance

Up

Improper tool grade

Chipping and
fracturing of
cutting edge

Down

Up

Installation of the Tool and

Workpiece

Short Tool Llfe

Rapid
insert wear

Up

Cutting
Fluids

Machine and
Installation of Tool
Improve Cutter Rigidity

Improper tool grade

Select a Tougher Grade

rs
to

c
Fa

Trouble

Style and Design

of the Tool

Cutting
Conditions

Insert Grade
Selection
Select a Harder Grade

Solutions

a
a
a

Wet

FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES

FOR FACE MILLING
y FUNCTION OF EACH CUTTING EDGE

ANGLE IN FACE MILLING

Type of Angle

Function

Effect

A.R

Determines chip
disposal direction.

Positive : Excellent machinability.

Determines

Negative : Excellent chip disposal.

Axial Rake Angle

Corner Angle
Lead
Angle

Symbol

Axial Rake Angle

Radial Rake Angle R.R sharpness.

Corner Angle

Wiper Edge

CH

Main Cutting Edge

Cutting Edge
Inclination

True Rake Angle

Determines chip
thickness.

Large : Thin chips and small

cutting impact.
Large back force.
Positive(large) :
Excellent machinability.
Minimal welding.
Negative(large) : Poor machinability. Strong cutting edge.

True Rake Angle

Determines
actual
sharpness.

Cutting Edge
Inclination

Determines chip Positive (large) :

disposal
Excellent chip disposal.
direction.
Low cutting edge strength.

Radial Rake Angle

Each Cutting Edge Angle in Face Milling

y STANDARD INSERTS
a Positive and Negative Rake Angle
Negative
Rake Angle

Neutral
Rake Angle

a Standard Cutting Edge Shape

Axial Rake Angle

Axial Rake Angle

Axial Rake Angle

Radial Rake Angle

Radial Rake Angle

Radial Rake Angle

Positive
Rake Angle

Standard Cutting
Edge Combinations

Insert shape whose cutting edge

precedes is a positive rake angle.
Insert shape whose cutting edge
follows is a negative rake angle.

Double Positive
(DP Edge Type)

Double Negative
(DN Edge Type)

Axial Rake Angle (A.R.)

Positive ( + )

Negative ( )

Positive ( + )

Radial Rake Angel (R.R.)

Positive ( + )

Negative ( )

Negative ( )

Positive Insert (One Sided Use) Negative Insert (Double Sided Use) Positive Insert (One Sided Use)

Insert Used
Work Material

Negative/Positive
(NP Edge Type)

Steel

Cast Iron

Aluminum Alloy

Difficult-to-Cut Material

y CORNER ANGLE (CH) AND CUTTING RESISTANCE

SE445 Type
545 Type

SE415 Type
515 Type

Corner Angle : 0 Corner Angle : 15 Corner Angle : 45

Principal
Force

Principal
Force

Feed Force

Principal
Force

Feed Force
Back Force

Back Force

fz(IPT)

fz(IPT)

direction. Lifts the workpiece when

workpiece clamp rigidity is low.
Corner Angle 0

Feed Force
Back Force

fz(IPT)

Workpiece : Alloy Steel (281HB)

Tool : 4" Single Insert
Cutting Conditions : vc=410SFM ap=.157inch ae=4.33inch

Cutting Resistance Comparison between

Different Insert Shapes
Principal Force

Corner Angle Back force is in the minus

Back Force

Feed Force

Table Feed

Three Cutting Resistance Forces in Milling

Corner Angle Corner angle 15 is recommended

15

for face milling of workpieces

with low rigidity such as thin
workpieces.

Corner Angle 15

Corner Angle The largest back force.

45

Bends thin workpieces and lowers

cutting accuracy.
Prevents workpiece edge
chipping in cast iron cutting.

TECHNICAL DATA

Cutting Resistance (N)

SE300 Type
400 Type

Corner Angle 45

force: Force is in the opposite direction of face milling rotation.

* Principal
force: Force that pushes in the axial direction.
* Back
* Feed Force: Force is in the feed direction and is caused by table feed.

N013

TECHNICAL DATA

FUNCTION OF TOOL FEATURES

FOR FACE MILLING
y CORNER ANGLE AND TOOL LIFE

a Corner Angle and Chip Thickness

When the depth of cut and feed per tooth, fz, are fixed, the larger the corner angle (CH) is, then the thinner the chip thickness (h)
becomes (for a 45 CH, it is approx. 75% that of a 0 CH). This can be seen in below. Therefore as the CH increases, the cutting
resistance decreases resulting in longer tool life. Note however, if the chip thickness is too large then the cutting resistance can
increase leading to vibrations and shortened tool life.

Effects on chip thickness due to the variation of corner angles

a Corner Angle and Crater Wear

Below shows wear patterns for different corner angles. When comparing crater wear for 0 and 45 corner angles, it can be clearly
seen that the crater wear for 0 corner angle is larger. This is because if the chip thickness is relatively large, the cutting resistance
increases and so promotes crater wear. As the crater wear develops then cutting edge strength will reduce and lead to fracturing.
0 Corner Angle

15 Corner Angle

45 Corner Angle

vc=330SFM
Tc=69min

vc=410SFM
Tc=55min
Workpiece : AISI 4340 (287HB)
Tool : D1=4.92inch
Insert : M20
Cutting Conditions : ap=.118inch
ae=4.33inch
fz=.008IPT
Coolant : Dry Cutting

vc=525SFM
Tc=31min

y UP CUT AND DOWN CUT MILLING

Which method to be used will depend on the machine and the face mill cutter that has been selected. Generally down cut machining
offers longer tool life than up cut milling.
TECHNICAL DATA

Up Cut Milling
Tool rotation

Milling cutter inserts

Workpiece
movement
direction

Tool rotation

Milling cutter inserts

Portion machined

N014

Down Cut Milling

Portion machined

Workpiece
movement
direction

y FINISHED SURFACE
a Cutting Edge Run-out Accuracy

Cutting edge run-out accuracy of indexable inserts on the cutter body

greatly affects the surface finish and tool life.
Minor Cutting Edge
Large

Peripheral
Cutting Edge

Chipping Due to Vibration

Poor Finished Surface

Rapid Wear Growth

Run-out
Small

Shorten Tool Life

Stable Tool Life

Good Finished Surface

Cutting Edge Run-out and

Accuracy in Face Milling

Table Feed

Cutting Edge No.

Feed per Tooth

Feed per Revolution

Sub Cutting Edge Run-out

and Finished Surface

Mitsubishi Materials' normal minor cutting edge wiper flat width is .055 inch. Usually the
minor cutting edges are set parallel to the face of a milling cutter and theoretically the
finished surface accuracy should be maintained, even if run-out accuracy is poor.

Actual Problems

Countermeasure

Cutting edge
run-out.
Minor cutting edge
inclination.
Cutter body
accuracy.
Spare parts
accuracy.
Welding, vibration,
chattering.

Wiper Insert
a surface
* Machine
that has already
been machined by
normal insert in
order to produce
smooth finished
surface.

.0012 .004inch

D.O.C

a Improve Finished Surface Roughness

Wiper Insert
Standard Insert

Replace one normal insert with wiper

insert.
Wiper inserts are set to protrude by
.0012 .004 inch from the standard
inserts.

a How to Set a Wiper Insert

Locator

Body

Locator

(a) One Corner Type

(b) Two Corner Type

Replace normal insert.

Replace normal insert.

Body

Locator

(c) Two Corner Type

Use locator for
wiper insert.

TECHNICAL DATA

Body

Minor cutting edge length has to be larger than

the feed per revolution.
But, too long minor cutting edge can also
cause chattering.
When the cutter diameter is large and feed per
revolution is longer than the minor cutting
edge of the wiper insert, the use of two or
three wiper inserts is possible.
When using more than 1 wiper inserts,
eliminate run-out of wiper inserts.
Use a high hardness grade (high wear
resistance) for wiper inserts.

N015

TECHNICAL DATA

FORMULAS FOR MILLING

y CUTTING SPEED (vc)

vc = ) D1 n (SFM)
12

vc (SFM) : Cutting Speed

) (3.14) : Pi
(Problem)
(Answer)

D1 (inch) : Cutter Diameter

n (min-1) : Main Axis Spindle Speed

What is the cutting speed when main axis spindle speed is 350min-1
and cutter diameter is & 5" ?
Substitute ) 3.14, D = 5", n= 350 into the formula.
vc = ) D n = 3.14 x 5" x 350 = 457.9 SFM
12
12
The cutting speed is 457.9SFM.

y FEED PER TOOTH (fz)

fz =

vf
(IPT)
zn

Feed
Direction

Feed per Tooth

Wiper Edge Angle

Tooth Mark

z : Insert Number
fz (IPT)
: Feed per Tooth
vf (inch/min) : Table Feed per Min.
: Main Axis Spindle Speed (Feed per Revolution fr = z x fz)
n (min-1)
(Problem) What is the feed per tooth when the main axis spindle speed is
500min-1, insert number is 10, and table feed is 20inch/min ?
(Answer) Substitute the above figures into the formula.
20
= .004 IPT
fz = Vf =
zxn
10 x 500
The answer is .004IPT.

y TABLE FEED (vf)

vf = fz z n (inch/min)

vf (inch/min) : Table Feed per Min.

: Feed per Tooth
z : Insert Number
fz (IPT)
: Main Axis Spindle Speed
n (min-1)
(Problem) What is the table feed when feed per tooth is .004IPT, with 10 inserts
and main axis spindle speed is 500min-1?
(Answer) Substitute the above figures into the formula.
vf = fz x z x n = .004IPT x 10 x 500 = 20inch/min
The table feed is 20inch/min.

y CUTTING TIME (Tc)

TECHNICAL DATA

Tc =

L
vf

(min)

Tc (min)
: Cutting Time
vf (inch/min) : Table Feed per Min.
: Total Table Feed Length (Workpiece Length(l )+ Cutter Diameter(D1))
L (inch)
(Problem) What is the cutting time required for finishing 4" width and 12" length
surface of a cast iron (GG20) block when cutter diameter is & 8", the
number of inserts is 16, the cutting speed is 410SFM, and feed per tooth is
.01". (spindle speed is 200min-1)
(Answer) Calculate table feed per min vf=.01 x 16 x 200=32inch/min
Calculate total table feed length. L=12+8=20inch
Substitute the above answers into the formula.
Tc = 20 = 0.625 (min)
32
0.625 x 60 = 37.5 (sec.)

N016

The answer is 37.5 sec.

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR END MILLING

Machine Stability, Rigidity

Spindle Collet Run-out Accuracy

Tool Installation Accuracy

Shorten Tool Overhang

Wider Chip Pocket

Tool Diameter

Concavity Angle of
End Cutting Edge

Number of Flutes

Helix Angle

Improve End Mill Rigidity

Air Blow

Increase Chuck Clamping Power

Down
Cut

Improper cutting
conditions

Chipping

Breakage
during
cutting

Fragile cutting edge

Insufficient clamping
force
Poor clamping
rigidity
Improper cutting
conditions

Poor end mill rigidity

Overhang longer
than necessary

Poor wall
surface
roughness

a
a

Chip packing

a
a

a
a
a

Wet

a
a

a
a

a
a

Poor surface Improper cutting

conditions
finish
Poor clamping
accuracy
rigidity
Improper cutting
Burr,
conditions
workpiece
Large helix angle
chipping
Improper cutting
conditions
Metal removal
too large
Lack of flute
chip space

Chip jamming

Notch wear occurs

Poor end mill rigidity

Quick burr
formation

Poor end mill rigidity

Poor bottom The end cutting edge does

not have a concave angle
surface
Large pick feed
roughness
Large cutting
edge wear
Out of
Improper cutting
conditions
vertical

Improper cutting
conditions
Poor clamping
rigidity
Large cutting
edge wear
Improper cutting
conditions

Chip packing

Vibration
during
cutting

a
a

a
a

a
a

TECHNICAL DATA

Short Tool Life

Down

Up cut milling

Poor Surface Finish

Up

Large wear
Not enough flutes
at the peripheral
Improper cutting
cutting edge
conditions

Chip Control Burr / Chipping / Burrs

Increase Coolant
Quantity
Do Not Use Watersoluble Cutting Fluid
Determine Dry or
Wet Cutting

Down

Down Cut

Depth of Cut

Feed Rate

Cutting Speed

Up

Cutting
Fluids

Machine and
Installation of Tool
Collet Inspection and Exchange

Non-coated insert
is used

Style and Design

of the Tool

Cutting Conditions
Decrease Pick Feed Rate

s
or
ct
Fa

Trouble

Coated Tool

Solutions

Insert Grade
Selection

a
a

N017

TECHNICAL DATA

END MILL FEATURES AND SPECIFICATION

y NOMENCLATURE

Cutter sweep

Neck

Body (Cutting part)

Shank (Handle)

Shank diameter

Diameter
Length of cut
Overall length

Corner

Land width

Concavity angle of end cutting edge

End cutting edge

Relief width (Flank width)

Peripheral cutting edge

End gash

Radial primary relief angle

Axial rake angle

Radial secondary
clearance angle

Helix angle

Radial rake angle

Axial primary relief angle
Axial secondary clearance angle

y COMPARISON OF SECTIONAL AREA OF CHIP POCKET

2-flutes
50%

3-flutes
45%

4-flutes
40%

6-flutes
20%

N018

4-flutes

6-flutes

Advantage

3-flutes

Effective chip disposal.

Horizontal feed milling
possible.

Effective chip disposal.

Horizontal feed milling
possible.

High rigidity.

High rigidity.
Superior cutting
edge durability.

Fault

Feature

2-flutes

Low rigidity.

Diameter is not
measured easily.

Chip disposal is poor.

Chip disposal is poor.

Various cutting modes

including slotting, shoulder
milling and drilling.

Slotting, shoulder milling

Heavy cutting, finishing

Shallow slotting, shoulder

milling Finishing

Machining hardened steels.

Shallow slotting, shoulder
milling.

Usage

TECHNICAL DATA

y CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENT-NUMBER-OF-FLUTE END MILLS

END MILL TYPE AND GEOMETRY

y PERIPHERAL CUTTING EDGE
Type

Shape

Feature
Regular flute geometry as shown is most commonly used for roughing
and finishing of side milling, slotting and shoulder milling.

Ordinary Flute

Tapered Flute

A tapered flute geometry is used for special applications such as

mould drafts and for applying taper angles after conventional straight
edged milling.

Roughing Flute

Roughing type geometry has a wave like edge form and breaks the
material into small chips. Additionally the cutting resistance is low
enabling high feed rates when roughing. The inside face of the flute is
suitable for regrinding.

Formed Flute

Special form geometry as shown is used for producing corner radii on

components. There are an infinite number of different geometry's that can
be manufactured using such style of cutters.

y END CUTTING EDGE

Type

Shape

Feature

Square End
(With Center Hole)

Generally used for side milling, slotting and shoulder milling. Plunge
cutting is not possible due to the center hole that is used to ensure
accurate grinding and regrinding of the tool.

Square End
(Center Cut)

Generally used for side milling, slotting and shoulder milling. Plunge
cutting is possible and greater plunge cutting efficiency is obtained
when using fewer flutes. Regrinding on the flank face can be done.

Ball End

Geometry completely suited for curved surface milling. At the extreme

end point the chip pocket is very small leading to inefficient chip
evacuation.

Corner Radius End

Used for radius profiling and corner radius milling. When pick feed
milling an end mill with a large diameter and small corner radius can
be efficiently used.

y SHANK AND NECK PARTS

Standard
(Straight Shank)
Long Shank

Shape

Feature
Most widely used type.

Long shank type for deep pocket and shoulder applications.

Long Neck

Long neck geometry can be used for deep slotting and is also suitable
for boring.

Taper Neck

Long taper neck features are best utilized on deep slotting and mould
draft applications.

TECHNICAL DATA

Type

N019

TECHNICAL DATA

PITCH SELECTION OF PICK FEED

y PICK FEED MILLING (CONTOURING) WITH BALL NOSE END MILLS, END MILLS WITH CORNER RADIUS
End mill
h=R 1 cos

sin-1

R : Radius of Ball Nose, Corner Radius

P : Pick Feed
h : Cusp Height

y CORNER R OF END MILLS AND CUSP HEIGHT BY PICK FEED

P

Pitch of Pick Feed (P)

.004

.008

.012

.016

.020

.024

.028

.031

.035

.039

0.5

.0001

.0004

.0009

.0017

.0026

.0039

.00004

.0002

.0004

.0008

.0016

.0018

.0025

.0033

.0042

1.5

.00004

.0001

.0003

.0005

.0008

.0012

.0016

.0021

.0027

.0034

.00004

.0001

.0002

.0004

.0006

.0009

.0012

.0016

.0020

.0025

2.5

.00004

.00007

.0002

.0003

.0005

.0007

.0010

.0013

.0016

.0020

.00007

.0002

.0003

.0004

.0006

.0008

.0011

.0013

.0017

.00004

.0001

.0002

.0003

.0004

.0006

.0008

.0010

.0012

.00004

.00007

.0002

.0002

.0004

.0005

.0006

.0008

.0010

.00004

.00007

.0001

.0002

.0003

.0004

.0005

.0007

.0008

.00004

.0001

.0002

.0002

.0003

.0004

.0005

.0006

10

.00004

.00007

.0001

.0002

.0002

.0003

.0004

.0005

12.5

.00004

.00007

.0001

.0002

.0002

.0002

.0003

.0004

TECHNICAL DATA

Pitch of Pick Feed (P)

.043

.047

.051

.055

.059

.063

.067

.071

.075

.079

0.5

1.5

.0041

.0030

.0036

.0043

2.5

.0024

.0029

.0034

.0039

.0020

.0024

.0028

.0033

.0037

.0043

.0015

.0018

.0021

.0024

.0028

.0032

.0036

.0041

.0012

.0014

.0017

.0019

.0022

.0025

.0029

.0032

.0036

.0040

.0010

.0012

.0014

.0016

.0019

.0021

.0024

.0027

.0030

.0033

.0007

.0009

.0010

.0012

.0014

.0016

.0018

.0020

.0022

.0025

10

.0006

.0007

.0008

.0010

.0011

.0013

.0014

.0016

.0018

.0020

12.5

.0005

.0006

.0007

.0008

.0009

.0010

.0011

.0013

.0014

.0016

N020

Unit : inch

TROUBLE SHOOTING FOR DRILLING

Burr

Machine Stability, Rigidity

Workpiece Installation Accuracy

Flatten the Workpiece Face

Shorten Tool Overhang

Tool Installation Accuracy

a
a

a
a

a
a

a
a

a
a

a
a

a
a

a
a
a

a
a

a
a

Poor entry

Improper cutting
conditions
Large deflection
of the tool holder
Improper drill
Burrs at the geometry
Improper cutting
hole exit
conditions
Improper cutting
conditions
Long chips
Poor chip
disposal
Improper cutting
conditions
Chip packing
Poor chip
disposal

Change to a Drill with

X Type Thinning

Small

Use a Drill with Coolant Holes

Shorten the Flute Length

Large

Decrease the Lip Height

Core Thickness

Chisel Width

Increase Coolant
Pressure

Increase Volume

Increase Oil Ratio

Increase the Accuracy and

the Depth of the Pre-hole

Down

Step Feed

Lower the Feed when Exiting

Feed Rate

Up

or

Lack of drill
rigidity
Improper cutting
conditions
Drill breakage
Large deflection
of the tool holder
Workpiece face
is inclined
Improper cutting
conditions
Large wear
Increase in tem.
at the peripheral
at cutting point
cutting edge
Poor run-out
accuracy
lmproper cutting
conditions
Chipping of
Large deflection
the peripheral
of the tool holder
cutting edge
Chattering,
vibration
The chisel edge
width is too large
Chisel edge
Poor entry
chipping
Chattering,
vibration
Lack of drill
Hole diameter rigidity
Improper drill
increases
geometry
Increase in tem.
at cutting point
Hole diameter
Improper cutting
becomes
conditions
smaller
Improper drill
geometry
Lack of drill
rigidity
Poor
Large deflection
straightness of the tool holder
Poor guiding
properties
Lack of drill
rigidity
Poor hole

positioning
accuracy,
roundness and
surface finish

Chip Control

ct

Lower the Feed at Initial Entry

Fa

Cutting
Fluids

Machine and
Installation of Tool

a
a

a
a
a

a
a

TECHNICAL DATA

Poor Hole Accuracy

Short Tool Life

Trouble

Cutting Speed

Solutions

Honing Width

Style and Design

of the Tool

Cutting Conditions

N021

TECHNICAL DATA

DRILL WEAR CONDITION

AND CUTTING EDGE DAMAGE
y DRILL WEAR CONDITION

The diagram below shows a simple drawing depicting the wear of a drill's cutting edge. The generation and the amount of wear differ
according to the workpiece materials and cutting conditions used. But generally, the peripheral wear is largest and determines a drill
tool life. When regrinding, the flank wear at the point needs to be ground away completely. Therefore, if there is large wear more
material needs to be ground away to renew the cutting edge.

We : Chisel edge wear width

Wf : Flank wear width (The middle of the cutting edge)

Wf

Wo : Outer corner wear width

Wm : Margin wear width

Wo

Wm

Wm'

Wm' : Margin wear width (Leading edge)

y CUTTING EDGE DAMAGE

When drilling, the cutting edge of the drill can suffer from chipping, fracture and abnormal damage. In such cases it is important to
take a closer look at the damage, investigate the cause and take countermeasures.

TECHNICAL DATA

N022

DRILL TERMINOLOGY
AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS

y NAMES OF EACH PART OF A DRILL

Height of point
Clearance angle

Lead
Flank

Straight cylindrical shank

Helix angle

Drill
diameter
Outer corner

Shank
diameter
Point angle

Axis
Shank length

Flute length
Overall length

Margin width

Depth of body clearance

Body clearance

Margin

Flute
Flute width
Chisel edge angle
Cutting edge
Land width

y SHAPE SPECIFICATION AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS

High-hardness material Small

Rake Angle

Large

Soft material (Aluminum, etc.)

Flute Length

It is determined by depth of hole, guide bush length, and regrinding allowance. Since the influence on the tool life
is great, it is necessary to minimize it as much as possible.

Point Angle

In general, the angle is 118 for high speed steel drills and 130 140 for carbide drills.
Point angle
Soft material with good machinability Small
Large For hard material and
high-efficiency machining

Web Thickness

It is an important element that determines the rigidity and chip disposal performance of a drill. The web thickness
is set according to applications.
Large cutting resistance
Low cutting resistance
High rigidity
Low rigidity
Web thickness
Thick
Thin
Poor chip disposal
Good chip disposal performance
High-hardness material,
Machinable material
cross hole drilling, etc.

Margin

The margin determines the drill diameter and functions as a drill guide during drilling. The margin width is decided
taking into consideration the friction with in the hole to be drilled.
Poor guiding performance Small

Diameter
Back Taper

Margin width

Large Good guiding performance

To reduce friction with the inside of the drilled hole, the portion from the point to the shank is tapered slightly. The
degree is usually represented by the quantity of reduction in the diameter with respect to the flute length, which is
approx. .0016" .016"/4".

TECHNICAL DATA

Helix Angle

Is the inclination of the flute with respect to the axial direction of a drill, which corresponds to the rake angle. The rake
angle of a drill differs according to the position along the cutting edge. The rake angle is largest at the periphery and
smallest towards the center of the cutting edge. The chisel edge has a negative rake angle, crushing the work.

N023

TECHNICAL DATA

DRILL TERMINOLOGY
AND CUTTING CHARACTERISTICS
y CUTTING EDGE GEOMETRY AND ITS INFLUENCE

As shown in table below, it is possible to select the most suitable cutting edge geometry for different applications. If the most
suitable cutting edge geometry is selected then higher machining efficiency and higher hole accuracy can be obtained.

a Typical Cutting Edge Geometries

Grinding Name

Geometry

Features and Effect

Use

The flank is conical and the clearance angle

increases toward the center of the drill.

For general use.

The flank is flat and facilitates cutting.

Mainly for small diameter

drills.

As there is no chisel edge, the results are high

centripetal force and small hole oversize.
Requires a special grinding machine.
Requires grinding of three sides.

For drilling operations

that require high hole
accuracy and positioning
accuracy.

Spiral Point

To increase the clearance angle near the center

of the drill, conical grinding combined with
irregular helix.
S type chisel edge with high centripetal force and
machining accuracy.

For drilling that requires

high accuracy.

Radial Lip

The cutting edge is ground radial with the aim of dispersing

load.
High machining accuracy and finished surface roughness.
For through holes, small burrs on the base.
Requires a special grinding machine.

For cast iron and light

alloy.
For cast iron plates.
Steel

This geometry has two-stage point angle for

better concentricity and a reduction in shock
when exiting the workpiece.

For thin sheet drilling.

Conical

Flat

Three Rake
Angles

Center Point
Drill

y WEB THINNING

TECHNICAL DATA

The rake angle of the cutting edge of a drill reduces toward the center, and it changes into a negative angle at the chisel edge. During
drilling, the center of a drill crushes the work, generating 50 70% of the cutting resistance. Web thinning is very effective for reduction in
the cutting resistance of a drill, early removal of cut chips at the chisel edge, and better initial bite.

Geometra

X type
Features

The thrust load substantially

reduces, and the bite
performance improves. This
is effective when the web is
thick.

Major
General drilling and deep hole
Applications drilling.

N024

XR type

S type

N type

The initial performance is

slightly inferior to that of the X
type, but the cutting edge is
tough and the applicable range
of workpiece materials is wide.

Popular design, easy cutting

type.

Effective when the web is

comparatively thick.

General drilling and stainless

steel drilling.

General drilling for steel, cast

iron, and non-ferrous metal.

Deep hole drilling.

y DRILLING CHIPS

Conical Spiral

Long Pitch

Fan

Segment

Zigzag

Needle

Geometry

Features and Ease of Raking

Fan-shaped chips cut by the cutting edge are curved by the flute. Chips of this type
are produced when the feeding rate of ductile material is small. If the chip breaks
after several turns, the chip raking performance is satisfactory.

Long pitch chips exit without coiling and will coil around the drill.

This is a chip broken by the restraint caused by the drill flute and the wall of a drilled
hole. It is generated when the feed rate is high.

A conical spiral chip that is broken before the chip grows into the long-pitch shape by
the restraint caused by the wall of the drilled hole due to the insufficiency of ductility.
Excellent chip disposal and chip discharge.

A chip that is buckled and folded because of the shape of flute and the characteristics
of the material. It easily causes chip packing in the flute.

Chips broken by vibration or broken when brittle material is curled with a small radius.
The raking performance is satisfactory, but these chips can become closely packed
jams.

TECHNICAL DATA

Types of Chips

N025

TECHNICAL DATA

FORMULAS FOR DRILLING

y CUTTING SPEED (vc)

(SFM)

*Unit transformation (fromn "mm" to "m")

vc (SFM)
) (3.14)

: Cutting Speed
: Circular Constant

D1(inch) : Drill Diameter

n (min-1) : Rotational Speed of the Main Spindle

(Problem) What is the cutting speed when main axis spindle speed is 1350min-1
and drill diameter is .500inch ?
(Answer) Substitute )=3.14, D1=.500inch, n=1350 into the formula
vc =

= 176.6SFM

The cutting speed is 176.6SFM

D1

y FEED OF THE MAIN SPINDLE (vf)

(inch/min)

vf

vf (inch/min) : Feed Speed of the Main Spindle (Z axis)

fr (IPR)
: Feed per Revolution
n (min-1)
: Rotational Speed of the Main Spindle
(Problem) What is the spindle feed (v f) when feed per revolution is .008IPR and
main axis spindle speed is 1350min-1?
(Answer) Substitute fr=.008, n=1350 into the formula
vf = frn = .0081350 = 10.8inch/min
The spindle feed is 10.8inch/min.

fr

y DRILLING TIME (Tc)

Tc
n
ld
fr
i

(min)
(min-1)
(inch)
(IPR)

TECHNICAL DATA

ld

N026

: Drilling Time
: Spindle Speed
: Hole Depth
: Feed per Revolution
: Number of Holes

(Problem) What is the drilling time required for drilling a 1.2inch

length hole in alloy steel at a cutting speed of 165SFM
and feed .006IPR ?
(Answer) Spindle Speed

TOOL WEAR AND DAMAGE

CAUSES AND COUNTERMEASURES
Cause

Countermeasure

Tool grade is too soft.

Cutting speed is too high.
Flank angle is too small.
Feed rate is extremely low.

Tool grade with high wear resistance.

Lower cutting speed.
Increase flank angle.
Increase feed rate.

Crater Wear

Tool grade is too soft.

Cutting speed is too high.
Feed rate is too high.

Tool grade with high wear resistance.

Lower cutting speed.
Lower feed rate.

Chipping

Tool grade is too hard.

Feed rate is too high.
Lack of cutting edge strength.

Tool grade with high toughness.

Lower feed rate.
Increase honing. (Round honing is to be
changed to chamfer honing.)
Use large shank size.

Fracture

Tool grade is too hard.

Feed rate is too high.
Lack of cutting edge strength.

Flank Wear

Lack of shank or holder rigidity.

Plastic
Deformation

Welding

Thermal Cracks

Lack of shank or holder rigidity.

Tool grade with high toughness.

Lower feed rate.
Increase honing. (Round honing is to be
changed to chamfer honing.)
Use large shank size.

Tool grade is too soft.

Cutting speed is too high.
Depth of cut and feed rate are too large.
Cutting temperature is high.

Tool grade with high wear resistance.

Lower cutting speed.
Decrease depth of cut and feed rate.
Tool grade with high thermal conductivity.

Cutting speed is low.

Increase cutting speed. (For ANSI 1045,

cutting speed 260 SFM.)
Increase rake angle.
Tool grade with low affinity.
(Coated grade, cermet grade)

Poor sharpness.
Unsuitable grade.
Expansion or shrinkage due to cutting
heat.
Tool grade is too hard.
Especially in milling.

*
Notching

Flaking

Dry cutting.
(For wet cutting, flood workpiece with
cutting fluid)
Tool grade with high toughness.

Hard surfaces such as uncut surface,

chilled parts and machining hardened
layer.
Friction caused by jagged shape chips.
(Caused by small vibration)

Tool grade with high wear resistance.

Cutting edge welding and adhesion.

Poor chip disposal.

Increase rake angle to improve sharpness.

Enlarge chip pocket.

Increase rake angle to improve

sharpness.

TECHNICAL DATA

Tool Damage Form

N027

TECHNICAL DATA

MATERIAL CROSS REFERENCE LIST

y CARBON STEEL
USA
AISI/SAE

Japan
JIS

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

BS

U. K.

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

RSt.37-2

4360 40 C

E 24-2 Ne

1015
1020

STKM 12A
1.0038
STKM 12C

1.0401

1.0402

C15
C22

080M15
050A20

2C

CC12
CC20

1213

SUM22

9SMn28

230M07

1A

S250

12L13

1215
12L14
1015
1025
A572-60
1035
1045
1140
1039
1335
1330
1035
1045
1050
1055
1060
1055
1060
1095
W1
W210

SUM22L
1.0718

1.0722

1.0736

1.0737
S15C
1.1141
S25C
1.1158

1.8900

1.0501

1.0503

1.0726

1.1157
SMn438(H) 1.1167
SCMn1
1.1170
S35C
1.1183
S45C
1.1191
S50C
1.1213

1.0535

1.0601
S55C
1.1203
S58C
1.1221

1.1274
SK3
1.1545
SUP4
1.1545

9SMnPb28
10SPb20
9SMn36
9SMnPb36
Ck15
Ck25
StE380
C35
C45
35S20
40Mn4
36Mn5
28Mn6
Cf35
Ck45
Cf53
C55
C60
Ck55
Ck60
Ck101
C105W1
C105W1

240M07

080M15

4360 55 E
060A35
080M46
212M36
150M36

150M28
060A35
080M46
060A52
070M55
080A62
070M55
080A62
060A96
BW1A
BW2

1B

32C

8M
15

14A

9
43D

43D

S250Pb
10PbF2
S300
S300Pb
XC12

CC35
CC45
35MF4
35M5
40M5
20M5
XC38TS
XC42
XC48TS

CC55
XC55
XC60
XC100
Y105
Y120

A570.36

1.0715

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

1311

15

F.111
1350
F.112
1450
F.2111
CF9SMn28
1912
11SMn28
CF9SMnPb28 11SMnPb28 1914
CF10Pb20 10SPb20
CF9SMn36 12SMn35
CF9SMnPb36 12SMnP35 1926
C16
C15K
1370

FeE390KG
2145
C35
F.113
1550
C45
F.114
1650

F210G
1957

36Mn5
2120
C28Mn

C36

1572
C45
C45K
1672
C53

1674
C55

1655
C60

C50
C55K

C60

1678

F.5117
1870
C36KU
F.5118
1880
C120KU
F.515
2900

15
20

C15, C16
C20, C21

Y15

Y13

15
25

35
45

40Mn
35Mn2
30Mn
35Mn
Ck45
50
55
60
55
60Mn

y ALLOY STEEL
USA
AISI/SAE

A573-81

TECHNICAL DATA

N028

5120
9255
9262
ASTM 52100
ASTM A204Gr.A
4520
ASTM A350LF5
ASTM A353
3135
3415
3415, 3310
8620
8740

5015

Japan
JIS

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

SM400A, SM400B
1.0144
SM400C
SM490A, SM490B
1.0570
SM490C

1.0841

1.0904

1.0961
SUJ2
1.3505

1.5415

1.5423

1.5622

1.5662
SNC236
1.5710
SNC415(H) 1.5732
SNC815(H) 1.5752
SNCM220(H) 1.6523
SNCM240 1.6546

1.6587
SCr415(H) 1.7015

BS

U. K.

EN

France
AFNOR

St.44.2

4360 43 C

E28-3

St52-3

4360 50 B

E36-3

St52-3
55Si7
60SiCr7
100Cr6
15Mo3
16Mo5
14Ni6
X8Ni9
36NiCr6
14NiCr10
14NiCr14
21NiCrMo2
40NiCrMo22
17CrNiMo6
15Cr3

150M19

250A53
45

534A99
31
1501-240
1503-245-420

1501-509-510
640A35
111A

655M13
36A
805M20
362
311-Type 7
820A16

523M15

20MC5
55S7
60SC7
100C6
15D3

16N6

35NC6
14NC11
12NC15
20NCD2

18NCD6
12C3

Italy
UNI

Fe52BFN
Fe52CFN
Fe52
55Si8
60SiCr8
100Cr6
16Mo3KW
16Mo5
14Ni6
X10Ni9

16NiCr11

20NiCrMo2
40NiCrMo2(KB)

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

1412

2132

F.431
56Si7
60SiCr8
F.131
16Mo3
16Mo5
15Ni6
XBNi09

15NiCr11

20NiCrMo2
40NiCrMo2
14NiCrMo13

2172
2085

2258
2912

2506

55Si2Mn

Gr15, 45G

15Cr

Japan
JIS

5140
5155

ASTM A182
F11, F12
ASTM A182
F.22

9840
4340
5132
5140
5115
4130

SCr440
SUP9(A)
SCM415(H)

1.7045
1.7176
1.7262
1.7335

1.7380

SCr430(H)
SCr440(H)

SCM420
SCM430
SCM432
SCCRM3

1.7715
1.8523
1.6511
1.6582
1.7033
1.7035
1.7131
1.7218
1.7220

34CrMo4

708A37

SCM 440

1.7223

41CrMo4

4140

SCM440(H) 1.7225

42CrMo4

6150

SUP10

4137
4135
4140
4142

L3

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

U. K.

527A60
48

1501-620Gr27

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

14CrMo45

42Cr4

12CrMo4
14CrMo45

2245

2216

40Cr
20CrMn

TU.H

2218

13MoCrV6

35NiCrMo4

35Cr4
42Cr4
16MnCr5

2541

2511
2225

40CrNiMoA
35Cr
40Cr
18CrMn

55C3
12CD4
15CD3.5
15CD4.5
12CD9
12CD10

40NCD3
35NCD6
32C4
42C4
16MC5
25CD4

12CrMo9
12CrMo10

36CrMoV12
38NiCrMo4(KB)
35NiCrMo6(KB)
34Cr4(KB)
41Cr4
16MnCr5
25CrMo4(KB)

19B

35CD4

35CrMo4

34CrMo4

2234

35CrMo

708M40

19A

42CD4TS

41CrMo4

42CrMo4

2244

40CrMoA

708M40

19A

42CD4

42CrMo4

42CrMo4

2244

1.7361
1.8159

32CrMo12 722M24
50CrV4
735A50

40B
47

32CrMo12 F.124.A
50CrV4
51CrV4

1.8509

41CrAlMo7 905M39

41B

100Cr6
105WCr6

BL3

30CD12
50CV4
40CAD6
40CAD2
Y100C6
105WC13

55NiCrMoV6
X8Ni9
12Ni19
14NiCrMo134
X210Cr12

BH224/5
1501-509

832M13
BD3

36C

55NCDV7

Z18N5

Z200C12

Z40CDV5

52

Z100CDV5

Z30WCV9

Y1105V
Z80WKCV
Z80WCV
Z120M12
Z45CS9
Z40CSD10
Z85WDCV

6-5-2-5

1.2067
SKS31
1.2419
SKS2, SKS3
L6
SKT4
1.2713
ASTM A353
1.5662
2515

1.5680

1.6657
D3
SKD1
1.2080
ASTM D3
H13
SKD61
1.2344
ASTM H13
A2
SKD12
1.2363

SKD2
1.2436
S1

1.2542
H21
SKD5
1.2581

1.2601
W210
SKS43
1.2833
T4
SKH3
1.3255
T1
SKH2
1.3355

SCMnH/1 1.3401
HW3
SUH1
1.4718
D3
SUH3
1.3343
SKH9, SKH51 1.3343
M2
M7

1.3348
M35
SKH55
1.3243

42Cr4
55Cr3
15CrMo5
13CrMo4 4

BS

1501-622

Gr31, 45
14MoV63 1503-660-440
39CrMoV13 9 897M39
40C
36CrNiMo4 816M40
110
34CrNiMo6 817M40
24
34Cr4
530A32
18B
41Cr4
530M40
18
16MnCr5 (527M20)
25CrMo4 1717CDS110
708M20
10CrMo910

X40CrMoV51 BH13
X40CrMoV51
X100CrMoV51 BA2
X210CrW12
45WCrV7 BS1
X30WCrV93 BH21
X165CrMoV12
100V1
BW2
S 18-1-2-5 BT4
S 18-0-1
BT1
G-X120Mn12 Z120M12
X45CrSi93 401S45
S6-5-2
4959BA2
S6/5/2
BM2
S 2-9-2

S6/5/2/5
BM35

55Cr3

2240
2230

30CrMn

42CrMo
42CrMnMo

50CrVA

41CrAlMo7 41CrAlMo7 2940

100Cr6

100WCr6
105WCr5 2140
107WCr5KU

F.520.S

X10Ni9
XBNi09

15NiCrMo13 14NiCrMo131
X210Cr13KU X210Cr12
X250Cr12KU
X35CrMoV05KU X40CrMoV5 2242
X40CrMoV51KU
X100CrMoV51KU X100CrMoV5 2260
X215CrW121KU X210CrW12 2312
45WCrV8KU 45WCrSi8 2710
X28W09KU X30WCrV9
X165CrMoW12KU X160CrMoV12 2310

X78WCo1805KU HS18-1-1-5
X75W18KU HS18-0-1
XG120Mn12 X120MN12
X45CrSi8 F.322

15NiCrMo13
2715
HS6-5-2-2 F.5603
2722
HS2-9-2
HS2-9-2
2782
HS6-5-2-5 F.5613
2723

CrV, 9SiCr
CrWMo
5CrNiMo

Cr12
40CrMoV5
100CrMoV5

30WCrV9

V
W18Cr4VCo5

X45CrSi93

TECHNICAL DATA

USA
AISI/SAE

N029

TECHNICAL DATA

MATERIAL CROSS REFERENCE LIST

y STAINLESS STEEL (FERRITIC, MARTENSITIC)
Japan
JIS

USA
AISI/SAE

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

BS

U. K.

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

403

SUS403

1.4000

X7Cr13

403S17

Z6C13

F.3110

2301

416
410
430

SUS416
SUS410
SUS430
SCS2
SUS420J2

1.4001
1.4005
1.4006
1.4016
1.4027
1.4034

X7Cr14
X12CrS13
X10Cr13
X8Cr17
G-X20Cr14
X46Cr13

416S21
410S21
430S15
420C29
420S45

56A
60
56B
56D

2380
2302
2320

2304

SUS431
SUS430F
SUS434
SCS5
SUS405
SUS430
SUH4
SUH446
SUH35

1.4003
1.4021
1.4057
1.4104
1.4113
1.4313
1.4724
1.4742
1.4747
1.4762
1.4871
1.4521
1.4922
1.4542

405S17

420S37
X22CrNi17 431S29
X12CrMoS17
X6CrMo17 434S17
X5CrNi134 425C11
X10CrA113 403S17
X10CrA118 430S15
X80CrNiSi20 443S65
X10CrA124
X53CrMnNiN219 349S54
X1CrMoTi182
X20CrMoV12-1

F.8401
Z11CF13 X12CrS13 F.3411
Z10C14
X12Cr13 F.3401
Z8C17
X8Cr17
F.3113

Z20C13M
Z40CM
X40Cr14 F.3405
Z38C13M
Z8CA12
X6CrAl13
Z8CA12
X20Cr13
Z15CNi6.02 X16CrNi16 F.3427
Z10CF17 X10CrS17 F.3117
Z8CD17.01 X8CrMo17
Z4CND13.4M (G)X6CrNi304
Z10C13
X10CrA112 F.311
Z10CAS18 X8Cr17
F.3113
Z80CSN20.02 X80CrSiNi20 F.320B

Z10CAS24 X16Cr26
Z52CMN21.09 X53CrMnNiN219

X20CrMoNi1201

Z7CNU17-04

OCr13
1Cr12

1Cr13
1Cr17

4Cr13

2303
2321
2383
2325
2385

2322

2326
2317

1Cr17Ni2
Y1Cr17
1Cr17Mo

OCr13Al
Cr17

2Cr25N
5Cr2Mn9Ni4N

405
420
431
430F
434
CA6-NM
405
430
HNV6
446
EV8
S44400

630

57

60
59

X6Cr13

y STAINLESS STEEL (AUSTENITIC)

Japan
JIS

TECHNICAL DATA

USA
AISI/SAE

N030

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

BS

U. K.

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

304L
304

SUS304L
SUS304

1.4306
1.4350

X2CrNi1911 304S11
X5CrNi189 304S11

58E

303

304L
301
304LN
316

316LN
316L
316L

SUS303
SUS304L
SCS19
SUS301
SUS304LN
SUS316
SCS13
SCS14
SCS22
SUS316LN

SCS16
SUS316L

SUS317L

1.4305

1.4306
1.4310
1.4311
1.4401
1.4308
1.4408
1.4581
1.4429
1.4404
1.4435

X12CrNiS188 303S21

304C12
X2CrNi189 304S12
X12CrNi177
X2CrNiN1810 304S62
X5CrNiMo1810 316S16
G-X6CrNi189 304C15
G-X6CrNiMo1810 316C16
G-X5CrNiMoNb1810 318C17
X2CrNiMoN1813

316S13
316S13
X2CrNiMo1812

58M

58J

1.4436
1.4438
1.4539

316S13
X2CrNiMo1816 317S12

Z6CND18-12-03 X8CrNiMo1713
Z2CND19.15 X2CrNiMo1816

Z6CNT18.10

2343, 2347
OOCr19Ni13Mo
2367

2562

SUS321

1.4541

321S12

58B

2337

347

SUS347

1.4550

347S17

58F

316Ti
318

1.4571
1.4583

X10CrNiMoTi1810 320S17
X10CrNiMoNb1812

58J

Z6CNT18.10 X6CrNiTi1811 F.3553

F.3523
Z6CNNb18.10 X6CrNiNb1811 F.3552
F.3524
Z6CNDT17.12 X6CrNiMoTi1712 F.3535
Z6CNDNb1713B X6CrNiMoNb1713

316
317L
UNS V
0890A
321

X1NiCrMo
X10CrNiTi189
X10CrNiNb189

Z2CN18.10 X2CrNi18.11
Z6CN18.09 X5CrNi1810 F.3551
F.3541
F.3504
Z10CNF18.09 X10CrNiS18.09 F.3508

Z3CN19.10
Z2CrNi1810 X2CrNi18.11 F.3503
Z12CN17.07 X12CrNi1707 F.3517

Z2CN18.10
Z6CND17.11 X5CrNiMo1712 F.3543

Z6CN18.10M

F.8414
Z4CNDNb1812M XG8CrNiMo1811

Z2CND17.13
Z2CND17.12 X2CrNiMo1712
Z2CND17.12 X2CrNiMo1712

2352
2332

OCr19Ni10
OCr18Ni9

2346
2333
2352
2331
2371
2347

2375
2348
2353

1Cr18Ni9MoZr

Cr17Ni7

0Cr17Ni11Mo2

OCr17Ni13Mo

OCr27Ni12Mo3

2338
2350

1Cr18NI9Ti
1Cr18Ni11Nb
Cr18Ni12Mo2T
Cr17Ni12Mo3Mb

USA
AISI/SAE

Japan
JIS

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

BS

U. K.

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

X15CrNiSi2012 309S24
X12CrNi2521 310S24
X10CrNi18.08
X4CrNiMo165

316S111

58C

Z15CNS20.12 X6CrNi2520
Z12CN2520 X6CrNi2520 F.331
Z1NCDU25.20
F.8414

Z6CND16-04-01
Z8CNA17-07 X2CrNiMo1712

2361
2370

1Cr23Ni13
OCr25Ni20

1.4828
1.4845
1.4406
1.4418
1.4568
1.4504
1.4563

1.4878

X12CrNiTi189 321S32

2584
2378

SUS321

Z1NCDU31-27-03

Z1CNDU20-18-06AZ
Z6CNT18.12B X6CrNiTi18 11 F.3523

309
310S
308

17-7PH

SUH309
SUH310
SCS17

NO8028
S31254
321

58B, 58C

1Cr18Ni9Ti

y HEAT RESISTANT STEELS

USA
AISI/SAE

Japan
JIS

330
HT, HT 50

SUH330
SCH15

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

1.4864
1.4865

BS

U. K.

X12NiCrSi3616
G-X40NiCrSi3818 330C11

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

China
GB

Z12NCS35.16

XG50NiCr3919

y GRAY CAST IRON

USA
AISI/SAE

No 20 B
No 25 B
No 30 B
No 35 B
No 40 B
No 45 B
No 50 B
No 55 B
A436 Type 2

Japan
JIS

FC100
FC150
FC200
FC250

FC300
FC350

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

0.6015
0.6020
0.6025

0.6030
0.6035
0.6040
0.6660

GG 10
GG 15
GG 20
GG 25

GG 30
GG 35
GG 40
GGL NiCr202

BS

U. K.

Grade 150
Grade 220
Grade 260

Grade 300
Grade 350
Grade 400
L-NiCuCr202

EN

Ft 10 D
Ft 15 D
Ft 20 D
Ft 25 D

Ft 30 D
Ft 35 D
Ft 40 D
L-NC 202

G15
G20
G25

G30
G35

FG15

FG25

FG30
FG35

0100
0110
0115
0120
0125

0130
0135
0140
0523

HT150
HT200
HT250

HT300
HT350
HT400

y DUCTILE CAST IRON

USA
AISI/SAE

Japan
JIS

60-40-18

80-55-06
A43D2

100-70-03

FCD400

FCD500

FCD600
FCD700

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

0.7040

0.7033
0.7050
0.7660

0.7070

BS

U. K.

GGG 40
SNG 420/12
GGG 40.3 SNG 370/17
GGG 35.3
GGG 50
SNG 500/7
GGG NiCr202 Grade S6
GGG NiMn137 L-NiMn 137
GGG 60
SNG 600/3
GGG 70
SNG 700/2

EN

France
AFNOR

Italy
UNI

FCS 400-12 GS 370-17

FGS 370-17

FGS 500-7 GS 500

S-NC202
L-MN 137
FGS 600-3
FGS 700-2 GS 700-2

Spain
UNE

FGE 38-17

FGE 50-7

FGS 70-2

Sweden
SS

07 17-02
07 17-12
07 17-15
07 27-02
07 76
07 72
07 32-03
07 37-01

China
GB

QT400-18

QT500-7

QT600-3
QT700-18

USA
AISI/SAE

Japan
JIS

FCMB310
32510
FCMW330
40010
FCMW370
50005
FCMP490
70003
FCMP540
A220-70003 FCMP590
A 220-80002 FCMP690

Germany
W.-nr.
DIN

0.8145
0.8155

0.8165

GTS-35
GTS-45
GTS-55
GTS-65
GTS-65-02
GTS-70-02

BS

8 290/6
B 340/12
P 440/7
P 510/4
P 570/3
P 570/3
P 690/2

U. K.

EN

France
AFNOR

MN 32-8
MN 35-10
Mn 450
MP 50-5
MP 60-3
Mn 650-3
Mn 700-2

Italy
UNI

GMN45
GMN55

GMN 65
GMN 70

Spain
UNE

Sweden
SS

08 14
08 15
08 52
08 54
08 58
08 56
08 62

China
GB

TECHNICAL DATA

y MALLEABLE CAST IRON

N031

TECHNICAL DATA

SURFACE ROUGHNESS
SURFACE ROUGHNESS

Ten-Point Mean Roughness

Maximum Height

Arithmetical Mean
Roughness

Type Code

Ra

Rz

RZJIS

(From JIS B 0601-1994)

Determination Example (Figure)

Determination

Ra means the value obtained by the following formula and

expressed in micrometer (! m) when sampling only the
reference length from the roughness curve in the direction of
the mean line, taking X-axis in the direction of mean line and
Y-axis in the direction of longitudinal magnification of this
sampled part and the roughness curve is expressed by y=f(x):

Rz shall be that only when the reference length is sampled

from the roughness curve in the direction of the mean line, the
distance between the top profile peak line and the bottom
profile valley line on this sampled portion is measured in the
longitudinal magnification direction of roughness curve and
the obtained value is expressed in micrometer (!m).
(Note) When finding Rz, a portion without an exceptionally
high peak or low valley, which may be regarded as a
flaw, is selected as the sampling length.
RZJIS shall be that only when the reference length is sampled
from the roughness curve in the direction of its mean line, the
sum of the average value of absolute values of the heights of
five highest profile peaks (Yp) and the depths of five deepest
profile valleys (Yv) measured in the vertical magnification
direction from the mean line of this sampled portion and this
sum is expressed in micrometer (!m).
:altitudes of the five highest profile peaks of the
sampled portion corresponding to the reference
length l.
:altitudes of the five deepest profile valleys of the
sampled portion corresponding to the reference
length l.

y RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARITHMETICAL MEAN (Ra) AND CONVENTIONAL DESIGNATION (REFERENCE DATA)

Cutoff Value
"c (mm)

0.012 a

0.08

0.025 a

TECHNICAL DATA

0.05 a

0.25

RZJIS

Rz RZJIS
I (mm)

Standard Series

0.05s

0.05z

0.1 s

0.1 z

0.2 s

0.2 z

0.1

0.4 s

0.4 z

0.2

0.8 s

0.8 z

0.4

0.8

1.6

6.3 s

6.3 z

3.2

12.5 s

12.5 z

6.3

25

25

12.5

25

50

100

0.8

2.5

1.6 s

1.6 z

3.2 s

3.2 z

Sampling Length for

50

50

100

100

200

200

400

400

0.08
0.25

0.8

2.5

correlation among the three is shown for convenience and is not exact.
*The
Ra : The evaluation length of Rz and Rz is the cutoff value and sampling length multiplied by 5, respectively.
*
JIS

N032

Conventional Finish
Mark

Standard Series

Ten-Point Mean Roughness

]]

Rz

]]]

Max. Height

Ra

]]]]

Arithmetical Mean Roughness

HARDNESS COMPARISON TABLE

Standard Tungsten
Carbide
Ball
Ball

Rockwell Hardness (3)

A Scale,
B Scale,
C Scale,
D Scale,
Load: 60kgf, Load: 100kgf, Load: 150kgf, Load: 100kgf,
Diamond
1/16" Ball
Diamond
Diamond
(HRB)
Point (HRA)
Point (HRC) Point (HRD)

Tensile
Strength
(Approx.)
MPa
(2)

(767)
(757)

940
920
900
880
860

85.6
85.3
85.0
84.7
84.4

68.0
67.5
67.0
66.4
65.9

76.9
76.5
76.1
75.7
75.3

97
96
95
93
92

429
415
401
388
375

429
415
401
388
375

455
440
425
410
396

73.4
72.8
72.0
71.4
70.6

45.7
44.5
43.1
41.8
40.4

59.7
58.8
57.8
56.8
55.7

61
59
58
56
54

1510
1460
1390
1330
1270

(745)
(733)
(722)
(712)
(710)
(698)

840
820
800

780
760

84.1
83.8
83.4

83.0
82.6

65.3
64.7
64.0

63.3
62.5

74.8
74.3
73.8

73.3
72.6

91
90
88

87
86

363
352
341
331
321

363
352
341
331
321

383
372
360
350
339

70.0
69.3
68.7
68.1
67.5

(110.0)
(109.0)
(108.5)
(108.0)

39.1
37.9
36.6
35.5
34.3

54.6
53.8
52.8
51.9
51.0

52
51
50
48
47

1220
1180
1130
1095
1060

(684)
(682)
(670)
(656)
(653)

740
737
720
700
697

82.2
82.2
81.8
81.3
81.2

61.8
61.7
61.0
60.1
60.0

72.1
72.0
71.5
70.8
70.7

84
83

81

311
302
293
285
277

311
302
293
285
277

328
319
309
301
292

66.9
66.3
65.7
65.3
64.6

(107.5)
(107.0)
(106.0)
(105.5)
(104.5)

33.1
32.1
30.9
29.9
28.8

50.0
49.3
48.3
47.6
46.7

46 1025
45 1005
43
970

950
41
925

(647)
(638)
630
627

690
680
670
667

81.1
80.8
80.6
80.5

59.7
59.2
58.8
58.7

70.5
70.1
69.8
69.7

80

79

269
262
255
248
241

269
262
255
248
241

284
276
269
261
253

64.1
63.6
63.0
62.5
61.8

(104.0)
(103.0)
(102.0)
(101.0)
100

27.6
26.6
25.4
24.2
22.8

45.9
45.0
44.2
43.2
42.0

40
39
38
37
36

895
875
850
825
800

601

677
640

80.7
79.8

59.1
57.3

70.0
68.7

77

578

640
615

79.8
79.1

57.3
56.0

68.7
67.7

75

235
229
223
217
212

235
229
223
217
212

247
241
234
228
222

61.4
60.8

99.0
98.2
97.3
96.4
95.5

21.7
20.5
(18.8)
(17.5)
(16.0)

41.4
40.5

35
34

33

785
765

725
705

555

607
591

78.8
78.4

55.6
54.7

67.4
66.7

73 2055

534

579
569

78.0
77.8

54.0
53.5

66.1
65.8

2015
71 1985

207
201
197
192
187

207
201
197
192
187

218
212
207
202
196

94.6
93.8
92.8
91.9
90.7

(15.2)
(13.8)
(12.7)
(11.5)
(10.0)

32
31
30
29

690
675
655
640
620

514

533
547

77.1
76.9

52.5
52.1

65.0
64.7

1915
70 1890

(495)

495

539
530
528

76.7
76.4
76.3

51.6
51.1
51.0

64.3
63.9
63.8

1855
1825
68 1820

183
179
174
170
167

183
179
174
170
167

192
188
182
178
175

90.0
89.0
87.8
86.8
86.0

(9.0)
(8.0)
(6.4)
(5.4)
(4.4)

28
27

26

615
600
585
570
560

(477)

477

516
508
508

75.9
75.6
75.6

50.3
49.6
49.6

63.2
62.7
62.7

1780
1740
66 1740

(461)

461

495
491
491

75.1
74.9
74.9

48.8
48.5
48.5

61.9
61.7
61.7

1680
1670
65 1670

163
156
149
143
137

163
156
149
143
137

171
163
156
150
143

85.0
82.9
80.8
78.7
76.4

(3.3)
(0.9)

25

23
22
21

545
525
505
490
460

444

444

474
472
472

74.3
74.2
74.2

47.2
47.1
47.1

61.0
60.8
60.8

1595
1585
63 1585

131
126
121
116
111

131
126
121
116
111

137
132
127
122
117

74.0
72.0
69.8
67.6
65.7

20
19
18
15

450
435
415
400
385

TECHNICAL DATA

MPa
(2)

Brinell Hardness (HB),

10mm Ball,
Load: 3,000kgf

Shore Hardness (HS)

A Scale,
B Scale,
C Scale,
D Scale,
Load: 60kgf, Load: 100kgf, Load: 150kgf, Load: 100kgf,
Diamond
1/16" Ball
Diamond
Diamond
(HRB)
Point (HRA)
Point (HRC) Point (HRD)

Tensile
Strength
(Approx.)

Vickers
Hardness (HV)

Tungsten
Standard
Carbide
Ball
Ball

Rockwell Hardness (3)

Shore Hardness (HS)

Brinell Hardness (HB),

10mm Ball,
Load: 3,000kgf

Vickers
Hardness (HV)

HARDNESS CONVERSION NUMBERS OF STEEL

(Note 1) The above list is the same as that of AMS Metals Hand book with tensile strength in approximate metric value and Brinell hardness
over a recommended range.
(Note 2) 1MPa=1N/mm2
(Note 3) Figures in ( ) are rarely used and are included for reference. This list has been taken from JIS Handbook Steel I.

N033

TECHNICAL DATA

CUTTING TOOL MATERIALS

The chart below shows the relationship between various tool materials, in relation with hardness on a vertical axis
and toughness on a horizontal axis.
Today, cemented carbide, coated carbide and TiC-TiN-based cermet are key tool materials in the market. As they
offer a high balance of hardness and toughness.

Sintered Diamond
Diamond Coating
Sintered CBN

Hardness

Ceramics
Coated Carbide
Coated Cermet

Coated Micro-grain
Cemented Carbide

Cermet
Micro-grain Cemented Carbide

Cemented Carbide

Coated
HSS

Powder HSS
HSS
Toughness

TECHNICAL DATA

GRADE CHARACTERISTICS

Thermal
Conductivity
(W/mk)

Thermal
Expansion
(x 10-6/k)

Tool Material

Highly Soluble

2100

3.1

Sintered Diamond

1300

4.7

Sintered CBN

1600

100

3.4

Ceramics

AI2O3

2100

-100

i0

29

7.8

TiC

3200

-35

< 0.5

21

7.4

TiN

2500

-50

29

9.4

TaC

1800

-40

0.5

21

6.3

Cemented Carbide

WC

2100

-10

5.2

Cemented Carbide

Hard Materials

Hardness
(HV)

Diamond

>9000

CBN

>4500

Si3N4

Energy Formation Solubility in Iron

(kcal/g atom)
(%.1250r)

121

N034

Ceramics
Cemented Carbide
Cermet
Coated Carbide
Cermet
Coated Carbide

1W/m K=2.3910-3cal/cm sec r

GRADE CHAIN
P

Steel

M Stainless
Steel
Cemented
Carbide

UTi20T

UTi20T

Cast
Iron

HTi05T

NonFerrous

HTi10

HTi10

UTi20T

Heat Resistant Alloy

Ti Alloy RT9005 RT9010

TF15

Steel

M Stainless
Steel
Cast
Iron

NonFerrous

Heat Resistant Alloy

US905
Ti Alloy

Hardened
H
Materials

Cermet

Coated Cermet

LC15TF

VP05RT

MP8010
(PVD)

VP10RT

(PVD)

VP15TF

(PVD)

MP9120 MP9030 MP9130

(PVD)

(PVD)

VP15TF
(PVD)

Steel

M Stainless
Steel
K

Cast
Iron

Steel

NX2525 NX4545

NX2525

M Stainless
Steel
K

Cast
Iron

AP25N
(PVD)

Non-Ferrous
MD220
Non-Metal

(Sintered Diamond)

Sintered
Alloy

MB4020

Polycrystallines
K

Cast
Iron

MB710

MB5015 MB730

MBS140

BC5030

Hardened
Materials MBC010 MBC020 BC8020 MB8025

MB825

MB835

MF20

MF30

(Sintered CBN)

TECHNICAL DATA

For Cutting Tools

Coated
Carbide

(Sintered CBN)

Micro-Grain
Cemented Carbide

Steel
Cast Iron

SF10

MF07

MF10

TF15

N035

TECHNICAL DATA

GRADE COMPARISON TABLE

CEMENTED CARBIDE
Classification

ISO
Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Symbol Materials

Seco
Tools

P01
P10

P20

UTi20T

SMA

P30

UTi20T

SM30

M10
M20

UTi20T

M30

UTi20T

KU10
K313
K68
KU10
K313
K68

IC70
IC50M
IC50M
IC54
IC54

H10A

890

H13A

HX

H10F
SM30

883

M40

Turning

K01

HTi05T

K10

HTi10

K20

UTi20T

K30

UTi20T

HTi10

N20

KU10
K313
K68
KU10
K313
K68
KU10
K313
K68

KU10
K313
K68
KU10
K313
K68

N30
S01

RT9005

S10

RT9005
RT9010

K10
K313
K68

S20

RT9010
TF15

S30
P10

K10
K313
K68

TF15

P20

UTi20T

P30

890

IC20

H13A

HX

IC20

H10
H13A

Milling

TECHNICAL DATA

N036

Sumitomo
Tungaloy
Electric

Kyocera

Walter

Ingersoll

ST10P

TX10S

P10

ST20E

UX30

P20

A30

UX30

PW30

P30

ST40E

P40

EH510
U10E

M10

EH520
U2

UX30

A30

UX30

M20

M40
H1
H2

TH03
KS05F

EH10
EH510

TH10

KW10
GW15

K10

KS15F
KS20

GW25

K20

G10E
 H20
E
EH520
G10E

UF1

K30

H1
H2

KS05F

KW10
KW10
GW15

H15

IC08
IC20

EH10
EH510

TH10

HX

IC08
IC20

G10E
EH20
EH520

KS15F

WK1

H25

UTi20T

SW05
H10
H10A
H10F
H13A

HX

IC07
IC08

EH10
EH510

KS05F
TH10

SW10

H25

IC07
IC08

EH20
EH520

KS15F
KS20

SW25

A30N

UX30

IC50M
IC28
IC50M
IC28
IC28

K125M
GX

M10

M20

UTi20T

M30

UTi20T

IC08
IC20
IC08
IC28
IC28

SM30

M40

IC07
IC08
IC20
IC08
IC20
IC28
IC28

H10
HM

P40

IC07

883

N01
N10

Iscar

IC70

P40

Sandvik

K01

HTi05T

K10

HTi10

K20

UTi20T

K30

UTi20T

K115M,K313
K115M
K313

IC20
H13A

HX

IC20

A30N

UX30

WS10
WK1

IN40P
IN40P

PW30
PW30

A30N

UX30

A30N

UX30

IM30M
IM30M
IM30M

G10E
G10E

TH10
KS20

(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.

KW10
GW25
GW25

WK10
WMG40

WMG40

IN05S
IN05S IN30M
IN10K
IN15K
IN10K
IN15K
IN30M

MICRO GRAIN
Classification

Cutting Tools

ISO
Mitsubishi
Symbol Materials

Kennametal

Seco
Tools

Sandvik

Z01

SF10
MF07
MF10

H3F
H6F
PN90

Z10

HTi10
MF20

H10F

890

Z20

TF15
MF30

H15F

890
883

H15F

883

Z30

Sumitomo
Electric

Tungaloy

Kyocera

F
MD08F
MD1508
M
MD10
MD05F
MD07F

F0
XF1
F1
AFU
AF0
SF2
AF1
A1
CC

Walter

Ingersoll
IN05S

FW30

IN05S

MD20
BM10

IN05S

UM

CERMET
P

ISO
Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Symbol Materials

P01

AP25N*
VP25N*

P10

NX2525
AP25N*
VP25N*

P20

Turning

P30

NX2525
AP25N*
VP25N*
NX3035
MP3025*
MP3025*
VP45N*

Sandvik

Seco
Tools

Iscar
IC20N
IC520N*

KT125
KT315
KT5020
KT325
KT1120

CT5015
GC1525*

TP1020
TP1030
CM
CMP*

GC1525*

TP1020
TP1030

IC20N
IC520N*
IC530N*

IC20N
IC75T
IC30N
IC520N*
IC530N*
IC75T
IC30N

Sumitomo
Tungaloy
Electric

T1200A
T2000Z*
T1500A
T1500Z*
T1200A
T2000Z*
T3000Z*
T1500A
T1500Z*

NS520
AT520*
GT520*
GT720*
NS520
AT530
GT720*
GT730*
NS530
AT530
GT530*
GT730*
NS730

T110A
T1000A
T2000Z*
T1500Z*

NS520
AT530*
GT530*
GT720*

T110A
T1000A

T3000Z*

M10

NX2525*
AP25N
VP25N

M20

NX2525
AP25N*
VP25N

T1200A
T2000Z*
T1500A
T1500Z*

NS530
GT730*
NS730

K01

NX2525
AP25N*

T110A
T1000A
T2000Z*
T1500Z*

NS710
NS520
AT520*
GT520*
GT720*

K10

NX2525
AP25N*

K20

NX2525
AP25N*

KT125

GC1525*

CM
CMP*

M30

Milling

P10

KT125
KT325

T1200A
T2000Z*
T1500A
T1500Z*

CT5015

NS520
GT730*
NS730

T3000Z*

NX2525

KT530M
HT7
KT605M

C15M

IC30N

C15M
MP1020

IC30N

T250A

NS530

T250A
T4500A

NS530
NS540
NS740

P20

NX2525

P30

NX4545

IC30N

M10

NX2525

IC30N

M20

NX2525

M30

NX4545

K01
K10

NX2525

K20

NX2525

KT530M
HT7
KT605M

CT530

CT530

C15M

Kyocera
TN30
PV30*
TN6010
PV7010*
TN60
TN6010
PV60*
PV7010*
TN60
TN6020
PV60*
PV7020*
PV7025*
TN7025*
PV90*
TN60
TN6020
PV60*
PV7020*
TN90
TN6020
PV90*
PV7020*
PV7025*

Walter

WCE10

Ingersoll
CT3000
PV3010*
PV3030*
IN0560*
CT3000
PV3010*
PV3030*
IN60C

WCE10

IN0560*

TN6010
TN30
PV30*
PV7005*
PV7010*
TN60
TN6020
PV60*
PV7020*
PV7025*
TN60
TN100M
TN60
CT5000
IN2060*
TN60

IC30N

NS530
T250A

TN100M

NS540
NS740
NS530

TECHNICAL DATA

Classification

TN60

KT530M
HT7

Coated Cermet
(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.

N037

TECHNICAL DATA

GRADE COMPARISON TABLE

CVD COATED GRADE
Classification

Turning

Milling

TECHNICAL DATA

S
P

ISO
Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Symbol Materials

UE6105

KCP05
KC9105

GC4205
GC4005

TP0500
TP1500

P10

UE6105
UE6110
MY5015

KCP10
KCP25
KC9110

GC4215
GC4015

TP1500
TP2500

P20

UE6110
UE6020
MC6025
MY5015

KCP25
KC9125

GC4215
GC4225
GC4015
GC4025

TP2500

P30

MC6025
UE6020
UE6035
UH6400

KCP30
KCP40
KC8050

GC4225
GC4235
GC4025
GC4035

TP3500
TP3000

GC4235
GC4035

TP3500
TP3000

Iscar
IC9150
IC8150
IC428
IC9150
IC9015
IC8150
IC8250
IC9015
IC8250
IC9025
IC9250
IC8350

Sumitomo
Tungaloy
Electric

Kyocera

Walter

T9105
T9005

CA5505

WPP01

TT1500

AC810P
AC700G
AC2000
AC820P

T9105
T9005
T9115

CA5505
CA5515

WPP01
WPP05

TT1500

AC2000
AC820P
AC830P

T9115
T9125

CA5515
CA5525
CR9025

WPP10S
WPP20S

TT3500

IC8350
IC9250
IC9350

AC830P
AC630M

T9125
T9035
T9135

CA5525
CA5535
CR9025

WPP30S

TT5100
KT450

IC9350

AC630M

T9135
T9035

CA5535

AC610M

T9115

CA6515

AC610M
AC630M

T6020
T9125

CA6515
CA6525

AC630M

T6030

CA6525

P40

UE6035
UH6400

M10

US7020
MC7015

KCM15

GC2015

TM2000

M20

US7020
MC7015
MC7025

KCM15
KC9225

GC2015

TM2000

M30

US735
MC7025

KCM25
KC9230

GC2025

TM4000

M40

US735

KCM35
KC9240
KC9245

GC2025

TM4000

IC6025
IC9350

AC630M

K01

UC5105

KCK05

GC3205
GC3210

TH1500
TK1001
TK1000

IC5005
IC9007

AC405K
AC410K

T5105

CA4505
CA4010

WAK10

K10

UC5115
MY5015

KCK15
KCK20
KC9315

GC3205
GC3210
GC3215

TK1001
TK1000
TK2000
TK2001

AC405K
AC410K
AC420K
AC700G
AC415K

T5115

CA4515
CA4010
CA4115

WAK20

K20

UC5115
UE6110
MY5015

KCK20
KC9110
KC9325

GC3215

TK2001
TK2000

AC415K
AC420K
AC700G
AC820P

T5115
T5125

CA4515
CA4115
CA4120

WAK30

K30

UE6110

KC9125
KC9325

IC5005
IC5010
IC9150
IC428
IC4028
IC5010
IC8150
IC9150
IC9015
IC418
IC9015
IC418

AC820P

T5125

S01

US905

GC4220

MP1500
MP2500

IC9080
IC4100
IC9015
IC5100
IC520M

KC930M

GC4230

MP2500

KC935M

GC4240

MP2500

MP1500

P20
P30

F7030

M10
M20

F7030

M30

F7030

M40
K01
K10

K30

IC9250
IC6015
IC8250
IC9250
IC6015
IC9025
IC656
IC9350
IC6025
IC635

KC925M
KC930M

GC2040

MP2500

KC930M
KC935M

ACP100

T3130

IC4050

ACP100

T3130

IC9250
IC520M
IC9350
IC9350
IC4050

ACP100

T3130

WAM20

TT5100

TT1300
TT1500

ACP100

T3130

ACK100
KC915M
KC920M
KC925M
KC930M
KC935M

WKP25

IN6515

WKP35

IN6530

IN6530

IC635

MC5020
MC5020

KT450

S05F

P10
FH7020
F7030

Ingersoll

AC810P
AC700G

KCP30
KCP40
KC9140
KC9040
KC9240
KC9245

K20

N038

Seco
Tools

P01

P40

Sandvik

GC3220
K20W

MK1500

IC5100
IC9150

GC3040

MK3000

IC4100
IC4050
IC520M

ACK200

T1115
T1015
T1115
T1015

(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.

WAK15
WKP25

IN6515

WKP35

IN6530

PVD COATED GRADE

P

ISO
Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Symbol Materials

P10

VP10MF

KC5010
KC5510
KU10T

GC1525
GC1025

P20

VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF
VP20MF

KC5025
KC5525
KC7215
KC7315
KU25T

GC1525
GC1025
GC1125

CP250
TS2500

P30

VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF
VP20MF

KC7015
KC7020
KU25T
KC7235

GC1025
GC1125

CP500

KC7040
KC7140
KC7030

M01

Turning

M10
M20
M30

M40

Milling

VP10MF
VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF
VP20MF
VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF
VP20MF
MP7035

CP500

KC5010
KC5510
KC6005
KC6015
KC5025
KC5525
KC7020
KC7025

GC1005
GC1025
GC1125
GC1105
GC1005
GC1025
GC1125
GC1105

KC7030
KC7225

GC1125
GC2035

MP7035

CP200
TS2000

CP200
TS2000
CP250
TS2500
CP500

CP500

Iscar

Sumitomo
Tungaloy
Electric

K10

IC250 IC350
IC507 IC570
IC807 IC907
IC908
IC228 IC250
IC308 IC328
IC350 IC354
IC507 IC528
IC570 IC807
IC808 IC907
IC908 IC928
IC1008 IC1028
IC3028
IC228 IC250
IC328 IC330
IC354 IC528
IC1008
IC1028 IC3028
IC228 IC328
IC330 IC528
IC1008
IC1028 IC3028
IC330 IC354
IC507 IC520
IC570 IC807
IC907 IC3028
IC250 IC330
IC354 IC808
IC908 IC1008
IC1028 IC3028
IC228 IC250
IC328 IC330
IC1008 IC1028
IC3028
IC328
IC928 IC1008
IC1028 IC3028

GC2035

K01
KC5010
KC7210

CP200
TS2000

IC350
IC1008

K20

VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF

KC7015
KC7215
KC7315

CP200
CP250
TS2000
TS2500

IC228 IC350
IC808 IC908
IC1008

K30

VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF

KC7225

CP500

IC228 IC350
IC808 IC908
IC1008

S01
S10
S20

Seco
Tools

P01

P40

Sandvik

S30

VP05RT
VP05RT
VP10RT
VP20RT
VP10RT
VP20RT
VP15TF
VP15TF

KC5010
KC5410
KC5510

GC1105
GC1005
GC1025

KC5025
KC5525

GC1025
GC1125
GC1125

CP200 CP250
TS2000
TS2500
CP250
TS2500
CP500

AH710

AH710
AH725
AH120
SH730
GH730
GH130

AC510U

AC520U

AC520U
AC530U
AC530U

IC507 IC907

Kyocera

Walter

Ingersoll

PR915
PR1005
PR915 PR1005
PR930 PR1025
PR1115 PR1225
PR1425

PR930
PR1025
PR1115
PR1225

AH725 AH120
SH730 GH730
GH130 AH740
J740

TT7220

AH740
J740

TT8020

AH710
AH710 AH725
AH120 SH730
GH730 GH130
GH330 AH630
GH330 AH725
AH120 SH730
GH730 GH130
J740 AH645

PR915
PR1025
PR1225
PR1425

WSM20

PR1025 PR1125
PR1225
PR915 PR930

WSM30

PR1125

TT5030

TT8020

J740
GH110
AH110
PR905
AH710
GH110
AH110 AH710
PR905
AH725 AH120
GH730 GH130
AH725
AH120
GH730
GH130
AH905
AH905 SH730
AH110
AH120

IC507
IC903

AC510U

IC300 IC808
IC908 IC928
IC3028 IC806

AC510U
AC520U

AH120
AH725

PR1125

AC520U

AH725

PR1125

WSM10
WSM20
WSM30
TT8020

P01
P10

P20

VP15TF

KC715M

GC1010
GC1025

KC522M
KC525M

GC1025
GC1010
GC2030

F25M
MP3000

IC250 IC350
IC808 IC810
IC900 IC903
IC908 IC910
IC950
IC250 IC300
IC328 IC330
IC350 IC528
IC808 IC810
IC830 IC900
IC908 IC910
IC928 IC950
IC1008

PR730
PR830
PR1025
PR1225

ACP100
ACP200

ACP200

TECHNICAL DATA

Classification

AH725
AH120
GH330
AH330

PR730
PR830
PR1025
PR1225
PR1230
PR1525

IN2004

(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.

N039

TECHNICAL DATA

GRADE COMPARISON TABLE

Classification

ISO
Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Symbol Materials

Sandvik

Seco
Tools

Iscar
IC250 IC300
IC328 IC330
IC350 IC528
IC830 IC900
IC928 IC950
IC1008

Milling

VP15TF
VP30RT

KC725M
KC530M

GC1010
GC1030
GC2030

F25M
MP3000
F30M

P40

VP30RT

KC735M

GC1030

F40M
T60M

KC715M

GC1025
GC1030

M01
M10
M20

VP15TF
VP20RT

KC730
KC522M
KC525M

GC1025
GC1030
GC1040
GC2030

F25M
MP3000

M30

VP15TF
VP20RT
VP30RT
MP7035

KC725M
KC735M

GC1040
GC2030

F30M
F40M
MP3000

IC250 IC300
IC328 IC330
IC830 IC928
IC1008

M40

VP30RT

ACP300

AH140

ACP200

Kyocera

Walter

Ingersoll

PR660
PR1230

WSP45

IN1040
IN1540
IN2040

PR730
PR1025 PR1225

WSM35

ACP200
ACP300

AH725
AH120
GH330
AH330
GH110

PR730
PR660
PR1025
PR1225

WSP45

ACP300

AH120 AH725
AH130 AH140 PR660
GH130 AH730 PR1510
GH340

WXM35

ACP300

AH140

IN1515
IN1530
IN2005
IN2505

AH110
GH110
AH330

KC510M

GC1010

K20

VP15TF
VP20RT

KC520M
KC525M

GC1010
GC1020

K30

VP15TF
VP20RT

KC725M
KC735M

GC1020

IC350 IC810
IC830 IC900
IC910 IC928
IC950
IC1008

MK2000

IC350 IC808
IC810 IC830
IC900 IC908
IC910 IC928
IC950 IC1008
IC350 IC808
IC830 IC908
IC928 IC950
IC1008

ACK300

AH110
GH110
AH725
AH120
GH130
AH330

PR1210
PR905

GH130

PR1210
PR905

IN1030
IN2010
IN2015
IN1510
IN2030

ACK300

S01

PR905

S10

VP15TF

KC510M

C1025

IC903

EH520Z
EH20Z

PR905

S20

VP15TF
MP9030
MP9130

KC522M
KC525M

GC1025
GC2030

EH520Z
EH20Z
ACK300

PR905

KC725M

GC2030
S30T

IC300 IC908
IC808 IC900
IC830 IC928
IC328 IC330
IC830 IC928

ACK300

F40M

H01

MP8010

H10

VP15TF

KC635M

GC1010
GC1030

MH1000
F15M

IC900

H20

VP15TF

KC635M

GC1010
GC1030

F15M

IC900 IC808
IC908
IC1008

MP3000
F30M

IC808 IC908
IC1008

H30

N040

F40M

ACP200
ACP300

AH725
AH120
AH130
AH140
GH130
AH730

K01

S30

IC903
IC250 IC300
IC808 IC830
IC900 IC908
IC928
IC1008

K10

TECHNICAL DATA

P30

Sumitomo
Tungaloy
Electric

IC903

KC530M

(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.

WXM35
WSM35

WXH15

CBN
Classification

Turning

ISO
Symbol

Mitsubishi
Materials

H01

MBC010
MB810

H10

MBC020
BC8020
MB8025

CB7015
CB20

H20

BC8020
MB8025
MB825

CB7025
CB7050
CB50

H30

BC8020
MB835

S01

MB730

Sandvik

Seco
Tools
CBN050C
CBN10
CBN100
CBN100P
CBN150
CBN150
CBN200
CBN300
CBN300P
CBN350

Element
Six

Sumitomo
Electric

Tungaloy

Kyocera

Dijet

DBC50

BNC100
BNX10

BXM10
BXC30
BX310

KBN05M
KBN10M
KBN10C
KBN510

DCC500

BNC160
BNX20
BN2000

BXM20
BXA30
BX330

KBN25M
KBN25C
KBN525

JBN300

BXM20
BXA40
BX360

KBN30M

JBN245

DCN450
DCX650

BNC200
BNX25
BN2000
BN250
BNC300
BN350
BN700

BXC50
BX380
BX450
BX950
BX480

KBN35M

S10
S20
S30

K01
K10
K20
K30

Sintered Alloy

MB710
MB5015
MB710
MB5015
MB730
MB730
MBS140
BC5030
MBS140
BC5030

CB50
CB7050

BX930

KBN60M

JBN795
JBN330

CBN300
CBN300P

DBA80

BN700

BX950

KBN60M
KBN900

CBN200

DBW85
DBS900
AMB90

BN700
BNS800

BXC90
BX90S

KBN900

BNS800

BXC90
BX90S

CBN350

MB4020
MB835

BN500

CBN200

DBW85
DBS900

BN7500
BN700

BX470
BX480

KBN65B
KBN65M
KBN70M

DIAMOND
INNOVATIONS

Element
Six

Sumitomo
Electric

Tungaloy

Kyocera

PCD

Turning

Classification

ISO
Symbol

Mitsubishi
Materials

N01

MD205

N10
N20

MD205
MD220
MD220
MD230

N30

MD230

Sandvik
CD10

1800

CTH025

DA90

DX180
DX160

1500

CTB010

DA150

DX140

KPD001
KPD010

1300

CTB002

DA2200

DX120

KPD230

DA1000

DX110

1600

KPD001

Dijet
JDA30
JDA735
JDA40
JDA745
JDA10
JDA715

TECHNICAL DATA

(Note) The above table is selected from a publication. We have not obtained approval from each company.

N041

TECHNICAL DATA

INSERT CHIP BREAKER COMPARISION TABLE

NEGATIVE INSERT TYPE
ISO
Classification

Cutting
Mode

Mitsubishi
Materials
PK

Finish

Light

Kennametal

Taegu Tec

Sumitomo
Electric

Tungaloy
01

DP

QF

FF1, FF2

FP5

FA

FA

TF

GP, VF, PP

FL

ZF

XP, XP-T, XF

UF, FF

LC

LP

XF

SY

Light
(With Wiper)

SW

SU

MP3

PF
LF, FN

MF2

FW

WL, WF

MA

MH

MN

MW

MW, RW

MP

RN, RP, MG

FG

Finish
Light

Medium

17

XQ, XS

WP, WQ

NF
MP5

MF3

MP5

MP

GU

NM, ZM

CJ, GS

MF5, M3

MT

UG

TM

PS, HS

M5

SM

GE, UX

DM, 33, 37, 38

PT, CS

WT

GUW

NM6, NM9

MR

QR, PR

R4, R5, R6

RM

HR, MR

57, RR6, R7

HV

RH

SH, LM

FP

MS, GM

MP

Std.

Std.

RH

MP

57, THS

PX

HT

HG, HP

65, TU

HU, HW, HF

TUS

MF1

NF4

SF

SU

SS

MM

MF4

ML

EX, UP

SA, SF

MS, MU

NM4

EM

GU

SM

SU, HU, TK

VF

HM

ST

MU

TH, SH

K
MR

TECHNICAL DATA

M5, MR7

NR4, NR5

WT

RT
Std.

NR6, NRF

RH

NRR
MQ, GU

NF4

SF

NM4

MP MT

ML

VF
NR4, NR5

RR6

Finish
Light

MA

FN

KF

MF5, M3, M4

Medium

Std.

RP,UM

KM

M5

Heavy

Flat Top

KR

FS

SF

MS

SGF

Finish

FJ

Light

MJ, MJ

Medium

MS

Heavy

GJ

UP, P, NGP

RP

CF

NM5

UZ, GZ, UX

CM, Std.

Std., C, ZS, GC

MR3, MR4, MR7

Flat Top

Flat Top

CH, Flat Top

Flat Top

MF1

EF

MF4, MF5

NF4, NFT

NGP , 23, SM

M1

NMS, NMT

SR, SMR

M5, MR3, MR4

NRS, NRT

RH

MP

MR

EA

SU

ET

MU

NM5

MQ

EG, EX, UP

Peripheral ground type insert.

(Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

N042

NM6, NM9

MF

MM, MA

HZ

GT, HT

UZ

RT

NRR

Heavy

RP5

TH

R8, RR9

ES

NR6, NRF

PH
MU, MX, ME

MC
MP MT

NM

RP5

HZ

UP, RP

WS

HQ, CQ

PM

HX

GH, RM

FG

NS, 27
TSF, AS

Std.

Heavy

NF3, NF4

LU

QM, XM

MR6, MR7

FA

SX, SE

AFW, ASW

XMR

FP5

MP3

LUW, SEW

NM

Ingersoll

PQ

WS

W-M3, W-MF5

Walter

NF

PR, HM

GH

NF3, NF4

Kyocera

W-MF2

WMX, WM

RP

Rough

Walter

FY

Light
(Mild Steel)

Medium
(With Wiper)

Seco
Tool

FH

SA, SH

Medium

Sandvik

NF4, NFT

SA, HMM

MS, MU, TK

NMS, NMT

NRS, NRT

Std.

7 POSITIVE INSERT TYPE

ISO
Classification

Cutting
Mode

Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Materials

Sandvik

Seco
Tool

Walter

Taegu Tec

Sumitomo
Electric

Tungaloy

P
Finish

Finish
Light

Light
(With Wiper)

SMG

LF

FV, FP

UF

UM

FC , SC

FF1

PF4

FA

LF, FP

SW

FW

PF, PSF

FP, LU

*
*

Walter

Ingersoll

PF4

FA

*
*

CF , CK

GQ , GF

GP

PS, PSS

PF, UF
SV, LP

JS , 01

Kyocera

F1

FG

SU

W-F1

WS

LUW

XP

FG

WF
PS5

MV

23

HQ

PS5

PM, 24

XQ, GK

PM5

MT

PM

WT

Medium

Medium
(With Wiper)

M
FinishLight

Std., MP

MF, MP

PM, UM

F2, MF2, M5

PM5

MT

MW

MW

WM

W-F2

PM

WT

FP

MF

F1, F2

FC

FM
LM

Std., MM

Medium

Std., Flat Top

Medium

AZ

Finish
Light

FJ

LU

SS

SU

Medium

MU

MP

MM

KF, KM, KR

HP

AL

MU

MU, Flat Top Flat Top, CM

F1, M3, M5

AL

PM

PM2

FL

AG , AW

AL

*
*

LF

*
*

*
*

CF , CK

GQ , GF

HQ, GK

Flat Top

AH

PM2

FL

MQ

HP

Peripheral ground type insert.

(Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

11 POSITIVE INSERT TYPE

P

Cutting
Mode
Finish
Light

Medium

Mitsubishi
Kennametal
Materials

FV, SMG

UF

SV

LF

MV

MF

Sandvik

Seco
Tool

Walter

Taegu Tec

Sumitomo
Electric

PF

PM, UM

Tungaloy

Kyocera

SI

01

GP, CF

LU

PF, PSF

XP

SU

PS, PSS

MU

PM

HQ

23

XQ

FinishLight

SV

MF

SU

SS
PF, PS

Medium

MV

MM

MU

PM

Peripheral ground type insert.

(Note) Above charts are based on published data and not authorized by each manufacturer.

Ingersoll

24

Walter

TECHNICAL DATA

ISO
Classification

GP, CF

HQ

N043