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Acknowledgement

Person is not a perfect in all the context of this life. He has a


limited mind and mind thinking approaches. It is the guidance
from the almighty Allah that shows the man light in the
darkness and the person finds his way in this light. Without this
helping light, person is nothing but a helpless creative
The teaching of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)
were also the continuous source of guidance for us especially his
order of getting knowledge and fulfilling once duty honestly was
key motivating force for us.
We would like to extend our appreciation to such a
personality
Mr. Arif Saleem, whose tireless efforts for the betterment of
the student and department. He is the asset, which is not ever to
be forgotten he remained precedence for us while finishing our
research. It is not possible for the completion of this task without
his guidance.
We are also thankful to our friends and class fellows who
assisted us in creating a favorable environment. Again, we are
thankful to all our friends and class fellows who help and provide
the moral support for completing this hard task.
Presented To:
Mr. Arif Saleem

Presented By:
Asif Khan MT-00-11
Naveed Imran Malik MT-00-14
Zeeshan Ahmad MT-00-16
Session 2000-2002

Institute of Management Sciences


Preface

Practical study is an important part of MBA (IT) program.

Keeping this thing in view we were assigned a report to

measure “the awareness level in the market regarding

computerized system for their businesses”.

We wish to thank our learned teacher Mr. Arif Saleem, whose

erudite guidance transforms the research material into

relatives. His scholarly touch had imprinted on our minds to

last through out our career. He really leads a lasting impression

in novice minds.

Maximum efforts have been exerted to complete the report and

we hope that a reader will find it useful and beneficial.


Executive summary
Our research problem is to measure “the awareness level in the market
regarding computerized system for their business”. First of all we conducted
pilot survey and then we pointed out some variables contributing our
research. Then we started our proper detailed survey. We used descriptive
research in our problem because the problem already exists in the market.
For data collection we used survey approach. For our measurement
instrument we use questionnaire.
For sampling we used judgment sampling that is a type of non-probability
sampling. Our selected sample size is 60. We visited different organizations,
conducted interviews of different managers and filled out the questionnaire.
We plotted the information gathered through the questionnaire on different
types of graphs to show that how they are related with our problem. By
plotting the weights of different variables on the graph we can also analyze
which factor is preferred by the organizations.
At the end we analyzed that out of our sample of 60 businesses 11.67% are
exactly unaware of the benefit of computerized system in business. 36.83%
have adopted the computerized system 41.5%.
Background
Management problem: -

The management problem is that the software houses want “to measure the
awareness level in the market regarding computerized system and the role of
business soft wares for their business”.

Research problems: -
The researchable problem is “to measure the awareness level in the market
regarding the computerized system for their business”.

Variables that influence the management and researchable problem.

In the beginning of our research we identified some variables affecting the


man agent and researchable problem. There we identified some variables
leading the business to adopt the computerized system and there are some
variables those are preventing them to adopt the computerized system.

a) Variables preventing business to adopt the computerized system.

1: -Hard ware reliability: -


Actually different business organization don’t the

computerized system only because of that they are not satisfied

with the reliability of the hard ware of the system. For example

some organization don’t adopted the computerized system

because they are afraid of damaging the hard disk of the


computer that may cause of losing their important data about

different issues.

2: -soft ware cost: -


Some business don’t adopted the computerized system because they think
that by purchasing the new software will increase their operating cost and
they used to carry out their daily operations with the traditional manual
system. Actually most of them are unaware of identifying the best business
soft ware for their daily operations.

3: - unskilled staff: -
The most important factor that many business are not adopting the
computerized system is that they don’t computer skilled people. Most of
their employees are unable to use the business software because in old
organization employees are not computer literates.

4: - lab problem.
Most of the organizations don’t have the lab problem in their offices,
therefore they can’t share the data. In lab problem they don’t have
building where they can build their lab, and can implement
computerized system.

5: -implementation: -
The most important factor is the implementation of computerized system in
their system. The implementation involves the actual working with
computers and business soft wares.
They are afraid with the thread they have to face after adopting the
computerized system.
They say that if we adopt the computerized system with the help of some
system analyst then who will be the responsible for the reliability of the
system after some time. Implementation also involves the training of the
employees, documentation of whole system.
Due to above sited variables organizations are reluctant to adopt the
computerized system, if some have adopted the computerized system they
are maintaining the manual system as well.

b) Variables leading business to adopt the computerized system.

1: -Expansion of business.
Some of the business use computerized system for the

expansion of their business. By online transaction they are

expanding their business around the wide geographical area.

2: -Efficient inventory system.


Some people use business soft wares for the purpose of

managing their inventory efficiently. For this purpose they are

using the micro soft access, Excel, SPSS and other business

soft wares.
3: -Ordering system.
Computerized system increases the efficiency in managing the

ordering system of their business. Storing order and

performing quickly for the users and customer is increased in

the computerized system.

4: -Customer satisfaction.
Customer satisfaction is an important variable that lead the business towards
the computerization of their business, because it increase the moral of the
company. Example is printed receipt.

5: -Time saving.
Computerized system save a lot of time of management thus

many business have adopted the computerized system for the

purpose of saving their time.

6: -Cost.
By adopting the computerized system business save

administrative and operating cost. They don’t need to go

somewhere to take orders; orders are coming through the


online system and they also saving advertisement cost by

launching their web site on the Internet. Because advertisement

through internet is much cheaper than the advertisement

through print or electronic medias.

7: -Efficient retrieval and storage of data.


By adopting the computerized system efficient data retrieval

and storage of data is possible. We have to give just one

command to retrieve the whole record about a particular

product. Large amount of data can be stored in the hard disks.

In manual system we have arrange and manage paper and files

to store the data.

Objectives
The conclusion drawn through the interpretation of the results

of data analysis should be objective, that should be based on

the facts resulting from the findings of the actual data and not

based on our own or emotional values. In our research report

we kept care that our research direction should be objective,

and we are searching for right figures for study. We used data

that collection method, measurement instrument, and sampling

technique in our research, which based on the facts and they

have reasons for using that particular method and techniques

for our research. Actually our objective is to guide the

management regarding their problem.

Our study objective is “to measure the awareness level in the market
regarding the computerization of their business”.
Research approach

1) Data collection method.


We used survey for data collection.
Because we can’t measure the
aware ness level in market
regarding computerized
system without survey
method, other data collection
method like observation is not
appropriate for our research,
because we have to ask
question to the respondent in
order to get the desired
information.
2) Measurement instrument.

We used questionnaire as our measurement instrument.

a) Preliminary design.
*Type of questionnaire.
The type of our questionnaire is Disguised and structured.

*Responded.
We divided our respondent into two categories, services concern business
and goods concern business.
*Interview technique.
We used direct and structured interview technique in our research study.

b) Question contents.
Content validity has been considered while preparing questionnaire.

c) Question phrasing.
Wording of questionnaire is kept simple, so that, it is easy for the
responded feel no difficulty to fill the questionnaire.

3) Sampling technique.
We used judgment sampling for our research study that is a type of non-
probability sampling. Because we are required the information that can
only be provided by the experts and the sampling frame is also not
available.

Sampling procedure
Our sampling procedure consist of the following steps.
Step1: - Define the population
The population for our research study is “ all organizations in market,
whether they have manual system or computerized system for their business.
Step2:- Specify the sample frame
A sample frame is mean of
representing the population.
In our research study the
sampling frame is not
complete because we are
concerned with the small
business in the market, those
small business are very large
in numbers and we can’t
exactly count the numbers of
small business. There fore we
are using the non-probability
sampling.
Step3:- Specify the sampling unit.
The sampling unit is the basic unit containing the elements of the population
to be sampled. It may be element itself or a unit in which the element is
contained.

Step4:- Selection of sampling method.


The sampling method is way the sample units are to be selected. In our
research study we were two choices of selecting sample.

a) Probability sampling
b) Non-probability sampling
For our research report we have selected the non-probability sampling
method. In non-probability sampling we have selected the judgment
sampling, because we are looking for the information only a few experts can
provide. We met the managers of different organizations, interview them
and filled up our questionnaire regarding the required information.

Step5: - Determine the sample size.


We are using the judgment sampling therefore we have selected the sample
size (n) on the basis of personal judgment sampling. Because judgment
sampling is non-probability sampling and there is no statistical formula for
calculating the sample size in non-probability sampling.

Sample size
For our research study we have selected the sample of 60 businesses.
Sample size=60

Step6: - specify sampling plan

We have divided our population in two categories.


1. Selling concern businesses.
2. Services concern business.
We have selected 10 services concerned businesses and 50 selling
concern business out of our sample size 60.
We have directly gone to organizations and met their managers
interviews them and got our desired information.

Step7: - select the sample.


Now we select the actual sample for our research it includes selecting a
particular business firm we want to study.

For example we have selected MDA, Tehsil Municipal corporation,


Range.
4) Analytical techniques.

We used different statistical tools as %age and mode.

For this purpose we used pie charts for graphical representation.


We can also use some other graphical techniques for showing our findings.

Time and cost requirements


Time and cost requirement include the time need to accomplish the research
and the cost we have to incur in order to complete our research.
Time and cost can be explained with the help of pert chart.
The time period of our research is was very limited and we

have also faced the financial problem to accomplish the

research.

Technical Appendixes

it include any statistical or detailed information in which only

one or few potential researchers may be interested.

it may include different statistical formulas for calculating

mean, mode and median etc. it also include the statistical

tables for calculating different measurements.


Results and analysis

Q#1: Do you think computer has brought revolution in business?

Options Frequency % Age


Yes 53 88.33
No 7 11.67
Total 60 100%

It means that 11.67% of the respondent don’t have any idea about computer revolution
and they are unaware regarding the benefits of computerized system.

12%

88%

Yes No
Q#2: Have you any computer for personal use?

Options Frequency % Age


Yes 44 73.33
No 16 26.67
Total 60 100%

26%

74%

Yes No
Q#3 Have you adopted the computerized system? (If yes then go to Q#4, if
no go to Q# 5, 6)

Options Frequency % Age


yes 22 36.67
No 38 63.33
Total 60 100%

37%

63%

Yes No
Q#4: For what reasons you have adopted the computerized system?

Options Frequency % Age


Expansion of business 5 11.9
Efficient inventory system 11 26.2
Cost 5 11.9
Customer satisfaction 7 16.67
Ordering system 2 4.76
Time saving 9 21.46
Efficient retrieval and 3 7.14
storage of data
total 42 100%

Most of the business adopted computerized system due to efficient inventory system
whose % Age is 26.2.

7% 12%

21%

26%
5%

17% 12%

Expansion of business
Efficient inventory system
Cost
Customer satisfaction
Ordering system
Time saving
Efficient retrieval and storage of data
Frequency Distribution of results obtained from question # 4.
Variables Tally Frequency
Expansion of business 1111 5
Efficient inventory system 1111 1111 1 11
Cost 1111 5
Customer satisfaction 1111 11 7
Ordering system 11 2
Time saving 1111 1111 9
Efficient retrieval and 111 3
storage of data

Mode of frequency distribution = 5

12 11

10 9

8 7

6 5 5

4 3
2
2

0
Efficient retrieval and storage of data
Time saving
Efficient inventory system

Customer satisfaction
Expansion of business

Ordering system
Cost
Q#5 which factors do you thinks is preventing you to adopt the
computerized system?

Options Frequency % Age


Hard ware reliability 3 6.12
Soft ware cost 6 12.24
Implementation 15 30.61
Lab problem 10 20.41
Unskilled staff 15 30.61
Total 49 100%

We see that 30.61% businesses have not adopted computerized system due to
implementation and unskilled staff.

6%
12%
31%

31%

20%

Hard ware reliability Soft ware cost


Implementation Lab problem
Unskilled staff
Frequency Distribution of results obtained from question # 5

Variables Tally Frequency


Hard ware reliability 111 3
Soft ware cost 1111 1 6
Implementation 1111 1111 1111 15
Lab problem 1111 1111 10
Unskilled staff 1111 1111 1111 15

Mode of frequency distribution = 15

16 15 15
14

12
10
10

8
6
6

4 3

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Q#6: If system analyst helps you to solve your problems then, what are
the chances that you will go for the computerization of your system?

Options Frequency % Age


Very high 2 5.26
High 14 36.84
Moderate 12 31.58
Low 5 13.16
Very low 5 13.16
Total 38 100%

We see that if system analyst helps them to solve their problems then

5%
13%

13%
37%

32%

Very high High Moderate Low Very low


Frequency Distribution of results obtained from question # 6

Options Tally Frequency


Very high 11 2
High 1111 1111 1111 14
Moderate 1111 1111 11 12
Low 1111 5
Very low 1111 5

Mode of frequency distribution = 5

16
14
14
12
12

10

6 5 5

4
2
2

0
Very high High Moderate Low Very low
Conclusion
By our research we have concluded that most of the business in the market
are aware of computerized system but due to some problems they are unable
to implement computerized system and business soft wares for their
business. The most commonly faced problems are Hardware reliability,
Software cost, implementation, Lab problem, and unskilled staff.
Some of the organizations are using the computerized system for several
reasons described in the above paragraph.
Actually the problem of unawareness result form the lack of communication
between software houses and these small businesses. Soft warehouses wants
to sell their products at reasonable price and organization also want to
purchase their product but due to wrong information the deal is not
completed.
Some Recommendations for our
Problem
Some recommendations to deal with the problems for adopting
computerized system for business are,

 Soft warehouses should contact these small businesses and give them
all information about cost and benefit of using computerized system
for their business.

 Business should hire some system analyst, which will study their
organization and then, will design a structure for computerized system
for their business, and give detailed cost and benefit analysis of the
system.

 Govt should play an important role in solving their problems, which


they are facing in adopting the computerized system. For example in
govt. sector govt. can provide the new building for solving the Lab.
problem.
Questionnaire
Department name:
Roll#:
Student name:
Male/Female:
Date: ___/___/___
Q#1: What type of examination system exists in your department?

Annual System. Semester System.

Q#2: Do you complete your study work regularly?

Yes. No.

Q#3: What is your satisfaction level about your course contents?

Very highly satisfied Satisfied Moderate satisfaction

Low satisfaction very low satisfaction


Q#4: Do you think your course contents are fulfilling your study requirements?

Yes No (if no, then go to Q#5)


Q#5: what are your recommendations about your course contents to increase the quality
of education?

Q#6: Are you satisfied with the teaching style of your teachers?

Yes No (if no, then go to Q#6)


Q#7: what changes would you recommend for teaching style?

Q#8: Do you think the duration of your lecture (period) is appropriate?

Yes No (if no, then go to Q#9)

Q#9:What should be appropriate lecture duration (in terms of time)?

45 minutes 1hour any other

Q#10: Are you satisfied with the transportation service of the BZU?

Yes No (if no, go to Q#11)


Q#11What recommendations would you give to improve the transportation system of the
BZU?
Q#12: Do you think by completing your degree from this University you will secure your
future?
Yes. No.

Table of Contents
 Research proposal
 Executive summary…………………………1

 Background………………………………… 2
 Management problem…………………2
 Research problem……………………..2
 Objectives……………………………………5

 Research approach…………………………..6
 Data collection method………………..6
 Measurement instrument………………6
 Sampling technique……………………7
 Analytical techniques…………………9
 Time and cost requirements…………………9

 Technical appendixes…………………….…9

 Results and analysis…………………………10

 Conclusion…………………………………19

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