Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Department Of Statistics
Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan
1
RESEARCH TEAM
COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
RESEARCH ADVISOR:
SUBBIMMTTED: BY
ROLL#1798
DAPARTEMENT OF STATISTICS
2
DEDICATED TO MY PARENTS
AND TEACHERS
WHO
3
We are thankful to God, who has given us a chance to complete our gigantic
task. We do not say that it is perfect but we tried our best to complete this
We are very thankful to our respected course instructor PROF. DR. G.R
Pioneer Researcher
4
Practical learning is an essential part of our education and
Pioneer researcher
5
TABLE OF CONTENT:
CONTENTS:
PREFACE
CHAPTER#1 INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH DESIGN
DATA COLLECTION
QUESTIONNAIRE DEVELOPMENT
SAMPLING
SAMPLE METHODOLOGY
SAMPLING FRAME
6
SAMPLE DESIGN
PRE TESTING
FIELD WORK
DATA ANALYSIS
LIMITATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATION
7
CHAPTER#1
8
INTRODUCTION
student’s ability many times and keep students mind strictly into study.
In this education system syllabus is diveded in to relatively short parts and each
part is compulsory to pass. There is no concept of selective studies among the students
for examination. This system runs under strict rules and regulations in this way there is
Students get more knowledge because these courses consist of enough credit hours.
Usually it has been seen that under this system students are habitually hard working.
examination and final term with all these examinations there is also separate marks for
Under this system it is also practiced that this system improves students analytical
approach and this way they can be useful member of society, students have given many
In our country this system grows rapidly particularly in graduate and master level
Education and it is expect that near future it implement in primary, middle and
Secondary level
9
of higher learning in theology in Multan; where scholars from all over the world came for
studies and research. Thus the university of Multan was established in 1975by an act of
punjab legislative assembly. To pay homage to the Great saint, the name was changed
science subjects.
Baha ud dine zakariya university, changed its rules and regulations with the
changing trends in educational system. It Implements the semester system first time in
management sciences and computer sciences departments The result was astonishing the
university continues this tradition and implement Semester system in M.com department.
Then further step has been taken and implement this system in English and Education
department. Now the university is going to implement the semester system in remaining
departments.
STUDENTS
• FINANCIAL POSITION
10
We will check the acceptability of semester system from the financial point
of view. We will ask from the students about the affordability of semester
• HARD WORKING
working among the students. Because semester system require daily and
consistent study.
• PUNCTUALITY
Punctuality is the key factor in every field of five. We will investigate that at
CONDIFIDENCE
confidence.
• COMMUNICATION SKILL
11
This modern age where the distance has smart and people have get together.
• REGULARITY
a handing the lecture regularity, are all ingredients of all successful students,
• DISCIPLINE
A disciplined man can develop the society, we will investigate that whether
semester system make the students habit as in following the rules and
regulations.
12
Chapter - 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
13
IS SEMESTER SYSTEM
ACCEPTABLE
IN THE STUDENTS OF
BAHAUDDIN
ZAKARIYA UNIVERSITY
MULTAN?
14
• To check the acceptability of semester system among
the students.
system.
15
• To check the main advantages and disadvantages of annual
system.
RESEARCH DESIGN
of data that aims to combine their relevance to the research purpose with economy
in procedure.
The research design constitutes the blue print for the collections,
measurements and analysis of data. It aids the researcher in the collection of data,
as to obtain answer to research questions and control the variance, the plan is the
methods to be used to gather and analyze the data. In other words, strategy implies
how the research objectives will be achieved and how the researcher encountered
16
DATA COLLECTION
This report based on primary data i.e. information are directly taken from
interviewee can carry with additional questions. The props and visual aids can also
enhance the vision of knowledge of interview. The interview has more control
over the personal interview than other interrogation that can be secured it for
exceeds in volume and quality of the information received than with other
oriented society that is why we had several social problems in conducting the
survey. Most of female are non-cooperative. Due to lack of time it was hard to
extract correct information out of them. That is why it took much longer than it
should have.
17
The instruments that are employed to collect new facts or to explore new
fields are called tolls. So in our survey to achieve our objectives we have used
some research tools. The use of particular research tool depends upon the type of
research proposal.
Questionnaire
First of all we formed our questionnaire. The word questionnaire refers to a
achieve our objectives we met the people personally and collect the required
Measurement
Measurement is used to know the attitude of people towards specific
problems. Attitude of people can be measured through following ways
Surveys Interviews Questionnaire
I have used questionnaire technique in my report to obtain data. These are
two types of questions.
1.Open End Questions:
The question that possess some problem and asks the respondent to answer
in her own words.
2.Fixed Alternative Questions:
The questions in which the respondent is given specific limited alternative
basic problem is not so much what questions to ask, but what is the best way to
18
ask them. The problem is to design questions that mean the same thing, a single
thing, a defined thing and the intended thing, to everyone. As a general rule,
questions should be short and precise; lengthy questions tend merely to confuse
depart from the form of the question as written on the schedule or not. Usually, the
question has been carefully considered and the final form is probably the best
All the questions asked must be so phrased that the respondent can answer
them intelligently. This implies that the respondent must understand what is being
asked. Every question, which relates to the respondent's actions in the past, must
unreliable.
Sample Methodology:
Given to hundred different students out of which “60” are master level students,
SAMPLING:
19
Sampling is a statistical technique, which is defined as a procedure of
selecting a part from the aggregated of material in the belief that the selected part
The information obtained from such a part is used to make some inferences about
Non-probability sampling
Probability sampling
A sampling technique in which units of the sample are selected on the basis
2. PROBABILITY SAMPLING
sampling.
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Multistage Sampling
Cluster sampling
20
Simple Random Sampling
Emphasis has been given to the need of ensuring that all samples should be
the population have been devised. The simplest is to number all the population
units and then to draw, in lottery fashion, counters bearing the corresponding
numbers of the selected numbers determining the choice of sampling units. This
population has an equal chance of selection and each possible sample of the same
size has an equal probability of being selected. This method is suitable where the
A simple random sample is defined as a sample taken in such a way that every
member of population have an equal chance of being selected to achieve this every
For our purpose we take a sample of size n = 100. The sampling units were
selected in the sample from each department using simple random sampling
technique.
The other techniques can be used in different types of studies according to the
Before the sample can be drawn, the units of the population under
21
contains all the sampling units in the population. The requirements of a reasonably
2. Be complete and exhaustive, i.e. should contain all units and should
For one reason or other, most of the frames used for sample surveys do not meet
Sampling frame for this study is a compete list of the students of all the
SAMPLE DESIGN
nature and characteristics of the population from which the sample is drawn. A
parameter. The extent to which the sample statistic may differ from the parameter
statisticians are concerned with the precision of the sample statistic and modern
statistic. While the relative size of the sample as compared with the population
22
from which it is drawn is quite irrelevant, sampling theory shows that by
increasing the sample size it is possible to increase the precision of the result.
undertakings. To increase the sample size to the extent required to achieve any
Furthermore, it would mean more interviews, more schedules to edit, more data to
process and more resources to put in. Thus, the interval of time between the survey
and the production of its results would be increased. Since one of the objects of
sampling is to save time and money, merely increasing the sample size to improve
recent times have devoted much effort to devising methods whereby the precision
this, but underlying all these sample designs, as they are known, is the basic
principle of random sampling. However complex the sample design may be, the
selection of the sample units must ultimately be made in accordance with some
PRE TESTING:
The next step after the development of the questionnaire was to make a pre-test
with my questionnaire to check whether there were any problems with the questionnaire.
23
To check the validity of sample size.
Multan, no major problems were identified except that my respondents felt a bit
hesitation in answering a few questions which were later refined for the
convenience of the respondents such that they still provided me with the
information I required.
FIELD WORK:
In my next step, I did my fieldwork to get my questionnaire’s filled from
respondents to give me time in the hostel after their study time. In this way, I got
my questionnaires filled.
DATA ANALYSIS:
After getting my questionnaires filled the next step was of data analysis.
For this purpose, I calculated percentages, used Microsoft Excel to draw graphs.
24
25
Chapter – 4
CONCLUSIONS
AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
26
LIMITATIONS:
TIME:
As you know that in M.Sc Statistics part II, the time is very limited,
students also have burdens of other subjects, so the same time limitation was there
COST:
SAMPLE SIZE:
My sample size was only of 100 students, this was not quite enough for a University, this
could be increased but due to above limitations it was a bit difficult for me.
27
Semester
system is best way to educate the students after conducting the research we
concluded that semester has some drawbacks. One of them is that it is very
class families. So they cannot pay heavy dues of semester system. Secondly,
system due to limited courses are being studied so students pass their time in
wandering here and there. So to utilize the time effectively Semester System is
excellent.
28
According to our survey, it is highly recommended that semester system
check the results and views of the students of the departments in which the
semester system was implemented last year. According to the survey, as 82% of
the students have the opinion that the semester system is not acceptable due to
expenses so to reduce the elements of expenses the university should take such
actions.
The course outline should be designed in such a way that the cramming
semester system.
29
Respondents describe
the suitablity about
semester system
10%
34%
56%
According to the survey 34% students describe the suitability about semester system is
Splits course of study in to two or more parts per year, 55% students describe the
suitability about semester system is asses students ability more times while 10% students
use the any other option.
30
Students interste in semester system
Table:4.2
Graduate Master M Phil Total Graduate Master M Phil
level level level level% level% level%
Interested 17 42 6 65 56.67 70 60
Not
9 15 2 26 30 25 20
interested
No opinion 4 3 2 9 13.33 5 20
GRAPH
70
60
50
40 Interested
Not interested
30 No opinion
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
it is found that 65% students are interested, 26% are not interested and
9% have no opinion about semester system.
31
General opinions of students about semester system
TABLE:4.5
GRAPH
80
70
60
50
easy
40 difficult
very difficult
30
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
32
Aboue graph show that 52% student say that semester system is
easy33% say it is difficult,15% say very difficult.
TABLE: 4.6
Graduate Master M Phil Graduate level Master M Phil
Total
level level level % level% level%
Agree 18 36 4 58 60 60 40
Disagree 8 14 4 26 26.67 23.33 40
No opinion 4 10 2 16 13.33 16.67 20
60
50
40
Agree
30 Disagree
No opinion
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
33
aboue graph show that58% student say that semester system imrove
students personality, 26% are disagree and 16% have no opinion.
GRAPH
34
80
70
60
50
Agree
40 Disagree
No opinion
30
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
aboue graph show that 68% student say that semester system imrove
level of knowldge of students , 24% are disagree and 8% have no
opinion.
35
70
60
50
40 Agree
Disagree
30 No opinion
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
aboue graph show that 79% student say that semester system makes
student punctual , 11% are disagree and 10% have no opinion.
36
Percentage opinions of respondents about Semester system
improve character of student.
GRAPH
50
45
40
35
30
Agree
25 Disagree
20 No opinion
15
10
5
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
aboue graph show that 43% student say that semester system improve
students character , 33% are disagree and 24% have no opinion.
37
TABLE:4.10
GRAPH
70
60
50
40 Agree
Disagree
30 No opinion
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
aboue graph show that 62% student say that semester system develops
confedence , 22% are disagree and 16% have no opinion.
Semester system develops communication skills.
38
TABLE:4.11
70
60
50
40 Agree
Disagree
30 No opinion
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
aboue graph show that 62% student say that semester system develops
confedence , 22% are disagree and 16% have no opinion.
Semester system makes a student very careful in his attendance in the class.
39
TABLE: 4.12
GRAPH
90
80
70
60
50 Agree
Disagree
40
No opinion
30
20
10
0
Graduate level% Master level% M Phil level%
aboue graph show that 78% student say that semester system makes a
studentvery careful in his attendance in the class , 12% are disagree and
5% have no opinion.
40
EDUCATION LEVEL WHERE
SEMESTER SYSTEM IS MOST
SUITABLE
80
69
70
60 55
50 45 Series1
40
30
20
10
0
Graduation Masters M Phil
The above-mentioned bar graph shows that 44 respondents say that semester
system is
Most suitable at graduate level, 69 respondents have opinion that semester
system is most suitable at master level while, 45 say it is most suitable at M
Phil.
41
SEMESTER SYSTEM IS GOOD
STEP TOWARDS QUALITY
EDUCATION
YES NO
NO
29%
YES
71%
It is found that that 71% respondents have opinion that semester system is good
42
SEMESTER SYSTEM EXAMINATION
IS BETTER THAN ANNUAL SYSTEM
EXAMINATION TO OBTAIN GOOD
MARKS
YES NO
NO
31%
YES
69%
It is found that that 71% respondents have opinion that semester system is better
than annual system examination to obtain good marks. While 31% say no.
43
SEMESTER SYSTEM EXAMINATION
IS BETTER THAN ANNUAL SYSTEM
EXAMINATION TO GET QUICK
RESULTS
YES NO
NO
8%
YES
92%
It is found that that 71% respondents have opinion that semester system is better
than annual system examination to obtain good marks. While 31% say no.
44
45