Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Who buys-sells-designs-installs
b s sells designs installs them ?
Future directions ?
O d off presentation
Order
t ti
1
1.
(20 min)
2.
3.
4.
Future directions
(10 min)
5
5.
Di
Discussion,
i
questions
ti
(10 min)
i )
Aquamist
q
((Tyco)
y )
Aquasys
q
y ((Germany)
y)
Chemetron (USA)
Minimax, Germany
Fike (USA)
Eusibi (Italy)
Kidde Italia
Kidde Fenwal
Wormald, UK
Semco
Viking Australia
Ultrafog
Others
Marine
Cruise ships all accommodation, storage and public spaces
Navy - Machinery spaces; total flooding and local application
Not used on cargo ships (CO2)
Petroleum Industry
Oil production process modules, turbine enclosures
Heritage buildings
Heritage hotels; art galleries, archives, museums historic buildings
Transportation
Madrid Metro (Europe)
Road tunnels (Europe)
Fundamentals
are water
water-based
based fire extinguishing systems
Extinguishing Mechanisms
Oxygen displacement
di l
t by
b water
t vapor
Flame cooling
Other
S ll d
Smaller
drops evaporate
t ffaster
t th
than larger
l
drops
d
Fl
Flux
Density
Distribution
Contour
Plot
L/min/m2
(Entrainment
between fingers)
Water Mist
Sprinklers
Cumu
ulative Volume
e (%)
90
NA
80
K14
70
AM10
60
50
40
Q,, (L/min)
(
)
M11 - 16
NA - 14
K14 - 05
AM10 - 12
30
20
P,, (bar)
( )
70
70
12
12
10
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
Water
has drop
distribution
with 99
of nozzles
Figuremist
3: Weighted
averagesize
drop size
distributions
distributions, measured
1 m%
below
Heat Absorption
p
The rate of heat absorption is a function of
surface area of the droplets
The quantity of heat absorbed is a function of
the mass of water that is heated or vaporized
For a given mass of water:
the diameter = twice the total surface area of
the droplets
Vapor generation
When water vaporizes, it displaces air equivalent to
over 1,600
1 600 times
ti
its
it original
i i l volume
l
90
80
70
60
50
[O2] = 14.7%
40
[O2] = 20.9%
20 9%
[O2] = 16.8%
30
20
[[O2] = 18.9%
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
T
Temperature
t
(C)
90
100
Hydrocarbon fires
Simplified object,
obstructions
Opening
2-m x 2-m
10-m
Class A - Sprinkler
p
Equivalent
Surface Wetting
Oxygen depletion < 10 %
Cooling gases
Attenuation of radiation
to unburned fuel surfaces
Same as sprinklers, but
with less water
Flame cooling
3-mm orifice
Tyco
y AM10
Impingement Type
Examples
p
of Open
p and Automatic Nozzles
Pressure jjett
P
2.5 mm fast response
Pressure jet
Open
O d off presentation
Order
t ti
1.
(20 min)
2.
(15 min)
3.
(15 min)
4.
Future directions
(10 min)
5.
Discussion, questions
(10 min)