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Allan.Octavin.Hume
Father
of
Indian
National
In the beginning, the role of the congress was not to oppose the British
Government, but to submit their grievances in a peaceful way.
Safety valve theory The main aim of Hume was to provide a Safety
valve for the British Empire against the growing forces of public
uprisings.
According to the Historian R.P.Dutta, Congress is the result of a
conspiracy between Hume and Governor General Duffrin.
First meeting scheduled to be held in Pune but due to plague outbreak
there, the meeting was shifted to Bombay.
During early phase of Congress, V.O.Chidambaram Pillai led the people
of TamilNadu in the Independent Struggle. He started the Swadeshi
Steam Navigation Company at Tuticorin. He was honoured Kappalotiya
Thamizan.
28 - 31 Dec, 1885 :
The first session of INC was held at Bombay under the President-ship of
Womesh Chandra Banerji and attended by 72 delegates.
1886:
The Second Session in Calcutta presided by Dadabhai Naroji.
1887:
The Third session in Madras presided by Badruddin Tyabji (First
Muslim to become president)
1888:
The Fourth Session in Allahabad presided by George Yule (First Non
Indian President)
1905:
Partition of Bengal
-Lord Curzon divided Bengal into two parts East Bengal and
Assam (Muslims) on one side and West Bengal and Bihar (Hindus) on the
other side.
- This angered not only the Extremists but also the moderates. They
called it as an introduction of the policy of divide and rule .
1908:
-The mill workers of Tuticorin and Thirunelveli struck the work.
Ashe, the Sub Collector fired into the crowd and imprisoned the leader
who supported the strike.
- Consequently, Ashe was murdered at Maniachi Railway station
in 1911 by Vanchi Iyer, then he shot himself.
- VVS Iyer started a Gurukulam at Charanmadevi to train the
Extremisits.
1909:The Minto Morley Reform:
-Introduced separate electorate for the Muslims.
- the Moderates criticized the reform.
1914 -1918 The First World War:
- During the war Britain, France and Russia were on one side.
- As India was a part of the British Empire, the INC supported the
British hoping at the end of the war, they would be rewarded with self
Government.
1915:
The Bombay Session was presided by Satyendra Prasanna Sinha. The
biggest achievement was the constitution of Congress was suitably
altered so as to admit the delegates from the Extremist session.
1916:
Home Rule Leagues:
-Bala Gangadhara Tilak formed the Home Rule League in
Bombay.
- Mrs.Annie Besant also started a Home rule league in Madras.
Her paper New India was banned.
- The two lwagues carried on propaganda in favour of Self
Government for India.
- Motilal Nehru and C.R.Das supported the movement led by
Mrs.Annie Besant.
Lucknow Pact:
-Congress session at Lucknow presided by A.C.Majumdar.
- Jawaharlal Nehru met Gandhiji for the first time.
- The Moderates and Extremists joined together.
- The Congress and the Muslim league signed a pact agreeing to
cooperate with each other to achieve self Government.
1917:
Annie Besant became the first woman president at Calcutta session.
August declaration: promised responsible Government to the people of
India by stages. Hence the Home Rule movement was slowly withdrawn.
1919:
- On Nov 13, 1919, the All India Khilafat Committee was organised
at New Delhi.
- Gandhi and the Congress joined the movement.
- Khilafat came and went quickly.
- It lost its relevance when Mustafa Kennel Atalurk had abolished
the Caliphate.
- The last Caliphate was Abdulmecid II.
1954:
Accession of French Possession:
-With the consent of French Government, Pondicherry, Karaikal,
Mahe, Yenam and Chandranagore become the parts of the Indian
Union.
1961:
Accession of Portuguese Possession:
-Goa, Diu and Daman were the Portuguese settlements in India.
- The people of these places wanted to merge with India.
- They become finally a part of the Indian Union by the military
action of Indian Government.
Building New India:
-The Constituent Assembly had set itself the task of preparing a
new constitution for free India.
- Dr.Rajendra Prasad was appointed as the President of the
Constituent Assembly.
- The drafting committee under the chairmanship of
Dr.B.R.Ambedhkar completed the work in Nov, 1949
- The Constitution of India came into force on January 26,
1950, when India became a Republic.
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad became the first President of Independent
India.
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Who was the president of first session of Indian National Congress?
A) Womesh Chandra Banerjee
B) Suresh Chandra Banerjee
C) Anand Mohan Bose
D) Dadhabai Naroji
2. Who was the founder of the Indian National Congress?
A) Gopala Krishna Gokale
B)Allen Octavin Hume
C) Feroz shah Mehata
D) Bipin Chandra Pal
3. The Indian National Congress was established in
A) 1882
B) 1884
C) 1885
D) 1886
4. The third session of INC was presided by
A) K.T.Teang
B) Badruddin Taybji