Energy Hybrid for Small Island: Case Studies North Maluku

Rishal Asri, Dwi Lukman Hakim

ABSTRACT
North Maluku province has an area of 145.8 thousand km 2 with the Provincial
Capital in Sofifi. North Maluku electrical system is divided into 7 system that is
Ternate Tobelo, Tidore, Bacan, Sanana and Daruba, and plus 21 smaller generating
units spread out. The source of electricity North Maluku province is dominated
(99%) from fossil fuel by using diesel engine, and small portion from solar energy
(1%). Total capacity of the electricity is 200MW, with peak load 186 MW.
Keywords: Electrcity, North Maluku

INTRODUCTION
North Maluku province has an area of 145.8 thousand km2 with the Provincial
Capital in Sofifi. Administratively, this province consists of 7 districts and 2 cities.
Regencies and cities are: Halmahera Barat, Central Halmahera, Sula Islands, South
Halmahera, North Halmahera, East Halmahera, Morotai Island, Ternate, and Tidore
Islands.
The source of electricity North Maluku province is dominated (99%) from fossil fuel
by using diesel engine, and small portion from solar energy (1%). Total capacity of
the electricity is 200MW, with peak load 186 MW. At Ambon city, the demand of
electricity in peak load 56 MW. And there are 400 villages in North Maluku province
that still does not have any electrity.
North Maluku electrical system is divided into 7 system that is Ternate Tobelo,
Tidore, Bacan, Sanana and Daruba, and plus 21 smaller generating units spread out.
North Maluku electrical system can be seen in the following figure.

Source: RUPTL PLN, 2014

Fig 1. System of Electricity in North Maluku

With this electricity condition, it is seen that the centers of power plant capacity both
large and small are placed on county/city and sub-district or close to the load centers
and is unable to reach burden in remote areas both located in the mainland as well as
the separated by the island, due to the limited distribution through distribution
system. Consequently there is still village not got electricity as shown in Table 1,
which reached 438 villages.
This condition indicates that the overall load on the supply using Power Diesel
(diesel) both owned by PT. PLN or leased by the private company and for the islands
or villages not reached by PLN electricity needs be pursued independently and
partially by the locals.
Table 1. Data Electricity Condition of Villages in North Maluku

One of the approaches or solutions that can be done to overcome this problem is to
utilize renewable energy technologies, which until now has not been used optimally
especially solar energy and wind. In selected areas of solar radiation reaching the
highest average 342 988 W/m2 in October and the lowest is 186 547 W/m 2 in
December as reported by BMKG, whereas wind potential could reach above 5 m/s.
Data solar radiation and wind speed showed both the potential of this type of
renewable energy need to be developed.
The method used in this research that merge of the two sources of renewable energy,
namely solar and wind energy into a system that is referred to as photovoltaic/wind
hybrid system. The hybrid system can maximize the energy in the raised and more
economical.
PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purposes of this study are how to increase electrical ratio, how to increase
renewable energy mix and to maximize energy potential that is located in Ternate,
also to solve problem for isolated location in Ternate.
The results of this study are expected to help people who are in the area or remote
villages in North Maluku region that until now has not reached by electricity so that
it can support the activities of their lives. In addition, the results of this study may
contribute to the development of electricity in North Maluku focused on the
utilization of renewable energy technologies, especially solar and wind energy to be
a good reference for the government and private sectors in planning the utilization of
renewable energy more comprehensive.
PROBLEMS
The problems of this study are the dependency for diesel oil as fuel for power plant;
the isolation of islands at North Maluku thus only Ternate has enough electricity; the
villages at the border had issue about electrical crisis; Earth Quake or another nature
disaster.

Fig 2. The Location of Tidore Island.

METHODOLOGY
This study uses the software HOMER to see the techno-economic feasibility of the
system hybrid PV/Wind or other scenarios. The study begins by investigating the
potential of solar and wind energy show at that location has a solar and wind energy
potential is high enough to generate electrical energy. This study uses the software
HOMER. The output of the simulation generates a feasible list which hybrid system
combined system with the most cost effective with the lowest net present cost is a
combination of PV-wind turbine-generator-battery-converter that is set up with a
generator operated under the strategy of base load or load following (LF).
By using HOMER can be seen that the wind turbine and battery is an important
component of the system is a hybrid PV/wind to meet the load demand at night, both
of these components contribute greatly to the cost of the system, selecting the best
measure of both to minimize costs, but with notice that no load is not met.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Measuring the potential of renewable energy which can be used in North Maluku
Selecting hybrid system which the most suitable for the location
Selecting micro-grid system to control the electrical system for hybrid energy .

Wind Turbine Potential

Photo-Voltage Potential

Load Statistic

Result of Simulation

CONCLUCION
1)

North Maluku recently still had high dependency for diesel power plant

2)

The high fuel price of diesel oil tend to make the crisis of electricity

3)

In ternate which the city with the biggest population had demand of
electricity 19,5 MW so that need to supply electricity from renewable energy for
energy

REFERENCE
A. Hiendro, R. Kurnianto, M. Rajagukguk, Y. M. Simanjuntak, and Junaidi, Technoeconomic analysis of photovoltaic/wind hybrid system for onshore/remote area in
Indonesia, Energy, 2013
BMKG Meteorologi and B. Ternate, Data Rata-Rata Harian Radiasi Matahari Stasiun
Meteorologi Babullah Ternate, 2014.
Kementrian ESDM, Sosialisasi Peraturan Perundang-undangan Bidang Ketenagalistrikan,
21-23 Mei. Ternate, Maluku Utara, 2014.
PT. PLN Maluku-Maluku Utara, Program Ketenagalistrikan Malut 22 Mei 2014. Ternate,
2014

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