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Iron gate
Aluminium sheets
copper wire
silver plate
- In a metallic lattice, metal atoms tend to lose their outer electrons and become positive ions.
- The lost electrons then occupy new energy levels and move free throughout the lattice.
- The free mobile electrons in the lattice are called delocalised electrons.
Definition: Delocalised electrons are electrons not associated with a particular atom or bond but can
spread over three or more atoms.
- Metallic bonds are strong due to the strong electrostatic attraction between positive charge ions of the
metal and the negative charges of the delocalised electrons.
Definition: A Metallic bond is electrostatic attraction between positive charge metal ions and delocalised
electrons.
Factor affecting strength of metallic bonds
(i)
Size of positive charge: The greater the positive charge on the ion, the stronger the metallic bond.
(ii)
Size of positive ion: The smaller the positive charge ions in the lattice, the stronger the metallic bond .
(iii)
Number of delocalised electrons per atom: The greater the number of delocalised electrons in the
lattice, the stronger the metallic bond.
Diagramatical representation of metallic bonds
+ + + +
+ +
+
+
Delocalized electrons
+ + + +
e
+
a
e
+
e
+
e
e
c
+
e
Cl