Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
BSC
BTS
MS
(1)
MEASUREMENT RESULT
(2)
MEASUREMENT REPORT
...
CONNECTION FAILURE
(3)
1.2.2 Solutions
1Find out weak covered areas
Through traffic statistic analysis, first we shall make sure whether cells call drop rate is high
(accompanied by high outgoing handover failure rate) and handovers are mostly rescue Rxlev
handover but other indicators are normal. If so, we shall check whether it is coverage problem,
then we ascertain weak covered areas through DT. In addition, we shall analyze whether call drop
is caused by special topography, such as tunnel, supermarket, subway entrance and hollow.
Generally, this kind of call drop focuses on a certain direction; we can solve it through adding
micro-beehive.
2Expand BTS coverage
Find out weak covered areas through customer complaints, and then check whether new sites need
to be added, or sites coverage needs to be expanded through some means. For instance, increase
sites max transmitting power, change antennas azimuth angle, tilt angle, height, etc. (we shall
comprehensively take into account frequency planning situation and coverage status in other
directions).
3Eliminate the impact from shifted signal
Through regular DT to find out sites with irregular coverage, and eliminate the impact of its
shifted signal to other sites. As to call drops caused by impact from shifted signal, we can solve
them through decreasing sites tilt angle, or decreasing BSPWR MAX and increasing RXLEV
ACCESS MIN to shrink the coverage. Of course we shall avoid blind area from appearing during
the adjustment.
4Eliminate hardware fault
If call drop rate rises abruptly but other indicators of the site are all normal, then we shall check
whether its neighbor cells work well (problems may occur in the downlink, such in TRX, diversity
unit and antenna; if problems occur in the uplink, then the cells outgoing handover failure rate
will be high).
5Check whether neighbor cell list is defined completely
Check whether neighbor cells defined in OMC-R database are mutual neighbors and whether
neighbor cell list is incomplete. Different operators shall often refer to neighbor cells data.
1.3.3 Solutions
Carry out DT in a large extent, because handover is taken place among cells and BTS, call drops
in one cell may be because of unreasonable handover setting with its neighbor cells. Pay high
emphasis on cells have topological relation with the original cell and have high congestion rate,
and check whether blind cell exists around the original cell. If call drop is caused by these two
reasons, we shall modify relevant frequency and add new sites, or expand the coverage of the
original site. If call drop is due to unreasonable handover setting, we can modify handover
parameter according to the field test. As to call drops caused by unbalanced traffic and target BTS
has no channel to hand over on busy hour, we can adjust the traffic to solve it.
1.5.3 Solutions
1Eliminate uplink interference
This is the main interference at present. Uplink interference often occurs on a period with the
maximum traffic. It mainly comes from co-channel interference or exterior interference. Cochannel interference is related to the traffic of intra-frequency cell; the higher traffic, the larger
interference. Exterior interference is intermodulation interference. Uplink interference can be
solved by analyzing related reports in DT, modifying co-channel frequency in intra-frequency cell,
increasing distance between two intra-frequency cells (statistic shows that signal strength
attenuates along with the 4 power of the distance) or using spectrum analyzer. It can also be
decreased through diversity and effective power control.
2Eliminate downlink interference
Downlink interference is not very common. It is mainly co-channel interference and adjacent
channel interference of some BTS caused by improper frequency planning. We can judge it
through handover test report in OMC, downlink interference usually cause frequent downlink
handover. If co-channel interference and adjacent channel interference are discovered in test report
and field test, we shall re-optimize and re-adjust frequency planning of the cellular system. As to
cells have interference but arent in the upper situations, we can find out interference source by
using spectrum analyzer.
3 Use discontinuous transmission (DTX), hopping technology, power control and diversity
technology
DTX includes uplink DTX (set by parameter DTXMODE) and downlink DTX (set by parameter
CELLDTXDOWNLINK); both of them use VAD technology and stop transmitting when voice
signal isnt transmitted (only a group of SID frame is sent in each 480ms to meet the measure
requirement of BTS). Then useless information is restrained from sending and effective
transmitting time is decreased, so that systems interference level can be depressed and life of the
battery can be prolonged. Hopping can improve radio signals transmitting quality effectively,
especially to the transmitting quality of slowly-moving object. This is because hopping makes
transmitting TRX hop on each unit length of burst that can obviously decrease co-channel
interference and frequency selectivity fading effect. But DTX has to be adjusted according to
practical surrounding radio environment and relations with neighbor cells. If the receiving signal
of the mobile phone is not good, call drop may occur when using DTX. It is because that when
DTX is used in downlink and mobile phone is in connected status, BTS transmitting power gets
strong while the subscriber is talking and gets weak on gaps. In this way, on the one hand we can
decrease interference to other BTS, but on the other hand if there is interference surrounds the
BTS then discontinuous transmission of downlink signal makes call quality worse; and when BTS
decrease transmitting power, call quality deteriorates and even call drop occurs in some places
where receiving signal is relatively weak and interference signal is relatively strong.
antennas
A certain horizontal distance between two pairs of antennas should be insured to realize diversity
receiving; otherwise receiving sensitivity will be decreased and call drops will occur. When we
use diversity receiving antenna, generally an ideal effect will be obtained and gain is 3dB if
distance between Rx and Tx antennas is about 3 to 5 meters. But diversity receiving will be hard
to realize if the distance between Rx and Tx antennas is shorter than 1 meter. Besides, if Rx and
Tx antennas are unparallel, or even transmitting antenna directs receiving antenna, or there is a
very tall iron pole not far away from Rx and Tx antennas, signals will be obstructed and reflected
easily and interference will be produced.
5Call drops due to too strong backward signal strength from directional antenna
If backward signal from a cells directional antenna is too strong, call drops when MS occupies the
signal but cant find its neighbor cell.
and backward isolation. According to the practical effect of using small antenna, network
performance has been improved obviously.
4Eliminate interference from antenna backward signal
Antennas are usually installed on poles, towers or rails on top floor in urban area, therefore they
may be too high and its not easy to control signal coverage, even backward signal may be
interference to the network. We suggest installing antennas on a floors walls, and then antennas
backward signal will be obstructed by buildings.
has been installed, we shall observe whether assignment failure rate, call drop rate and handover
proportion due to quality reason are deteriorated suddenly; if so, we can ascertain there is
interference.
If the situation mentioned above occurs, we shall re-plan frequency, modify neighbor cell list,
adjust handover parameter and power control parameter.
Anyway, no matter what kind of reason causes call drop, we shall analyze it through all kinds of
test methods and test reports from OMC, and carry out CQT and DT periodically.
BSC
BTS
MS
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
ASSIGN COMMAND
ASSIGN COMMAND
SABM
UA
ASSIGN COMPLETE
ASSIGN COMPLETE
ASSIGN COMPLETE
(1) The BSC cant allocate the resource requested by the NSS
(2) The BTS cant activate the channel requested by the BSC
(3) The mobile cant get hooked on the proposed channel
2.3 Solutions
1We shall check cells incoming handover execution failure rate for better locating the problem
Ascertain whether handover failure rate ((handover execution handover success) / handover
execution) is related to assignment failure rate. It is because the process that MS establishes the
second layer link with handover target cell is similar to the channel assignment process when call
is set up.
2We shall check hardware fault when assignment failure rate is high (higher than 5%)
If it may be TRX problem, operation and maintenance engineers shall check OMC-R alarm record
(mostly a receiving module or transmitting module has problem). If there is no problem
discovered in OMC-R, then use Abis interface monitor to find out the faulted TRX that causes
assignment failure (equipment SN is TEI).
3Find out reason through cells link balance test
Assignment failure may caused by uplink signal loss or receiving path failure. We can find out the
reason through cells link balance test by Abis track analyzer or path test statistic.
4Eliminate interference
Other situations occur when high assignment failure rate is caused by interference, such as lots of
handovers triggered by quality problem (high BER), or too high RACH decoding level. We can
find out system interior interference by carrying out DT. If uplink and downlink levels are high but
signal quality is bad, then interference may exist. Then we check whether the occupied channel
(BCCH TRX) is hopping or not. If BCCH TRX has interference, we re-plan the frequency of cochannel cell and adjacent channel cell.
If there is no hardware fault but TRX voice quality is bad, then it means frequencies it uses have
interference. One solution is to optimize cells that have the same MA list with the cell; another
solution is to suppose the cell isnt in hopping mode and set TRX on each frequency on MA list,
so as to find out frequencies get interference. Of course, network quality will be decreased if we
use this solution, so we suggest using it on non-busy hour.
5Eliminate antenna problem
If there is no interference or hardware problem but handover failure accompanies with assignment
failure, we can check whether diversity antennas down tilt angles are different or antennas get
blocked.
If the assignment failure is severe but reason cant be found temporarily, we shall turn off the cell
to avoid network quality from getting serious impact.
6Check cell parameter setting status
Modify parameters set improperly.
7Eliminate transmission problem
Check whether transmission problem exists through testing error rate by instruments; if yes, solve
the problem.
3 SDCCH/TCH congestion
3.1 Problem description
There are two kinds of congestions: one is that network has no signaling channel to use in
immediate assignment; another is that network has no TCH to use in voice channel assignment. In
this section we mainly analyze congestion problems as well as propose solutions and balance
method to signaling load and traffic load.
In immediate assignment, SDCCH assignment failure counter accumulates once BSC sends
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT according to command that channel cant be activated.
When there is no available SDCCH or ground resource on Abis interface, T3122 is included in
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REJECT message sent by BSC to MS. T3122 defines the minimum
interval for MS to set up the next call.
Signaling flow is shown in Figure 6.
MSC
BSC
BTS
MS
RACH/CHANNEL
CHANNEL REQUIRED
REQUEST
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION NACK
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNEMENT
REJECT
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNEMENT
REJECT
1BSC MS
MS
T3122
been activated.
This problem will also trigger severe incoming handover failure. Because MSC doesnt know the
BTS has transmission problem and still sends incoming handover request to the BSC, then
consequently incoming handover request fails. BSC will also count this event as congestion. This
problem will last till MS that try to handover in deletes the cell on handover cell list reported to
the system.
4Isolated island problem
When a cells coverage is isolated in an area, mostly the cell cant find pre-defined neighbor cells,
and then MS will always stay in the cell where call set up and cant be handed over no matter how
signal changes till call drops. We can take two measures to avoid this: the first measure is to adjust
antenna of the isolated cell and eliminate isolated island phenomenon.
We have to do tests many times to eliminate isolated island without influencing covered area, but
tall buildings isolated island phenomenon still cant be eliminated completely because of
complexity of wave propagation. So the second measure is to define new neighbor cells for
isolated cell. The principle for defining parameters is that isolated cell has the priority in location
update and priority to be handed over in normal cells.
5Neighbor cell problem
Please refer to SDCCH congestion analysis.
6Neighbor cell definition problem
Neighbor cells are not defined completely prevents calls from timely handover out and then causes
call drop.
7Improper parameter setting
T3107 and T3103 are set too long, queuing parameter is unreasonable; handover threshold and
handover margin are set unreasonably; the definition of cells minimum accessing level and BTS
power are unreasonable.
8TCH is used as signaling channel
Idle TCH is used as signaling channel due to lack of SDCCH. Then there is no resource available
when MSC is assigning channels.
9Coverage problem
These problems exist in urban areas:
Too large coverage caused by too high antenna height or unreasonable antenna down/up tilt angle;
BS TXPWR MAX is set too high due to RXLEV ACCESS MIN is set too low; the BTS overlaps
its neighbor cells because its coverage is perfect in some directions (such as in square, lake or
highway) that makes some traffic cant be handed over out normally and causes congestion due to
too concentrated traffic.
10Hardware is instable
Instable BTS equipment (like TRX) will impact channels availability and channel cant be
MS
BTS1
BTS2
BSC
MSC
Handcver lndication
Channel Activate
Channel Activate Ack
Handcver Command
Handover Command
Handover Access
PhysicallnfoTA
Set
T3103
Handover detection
SABM
LA
Handcver Complete
Estabish lndication
Handover complete
Handcver Failure
Handover Failure
Reset
T3103
HO
HO Failure
allocation failure). Here, we have to locate failure hardware by traffic analysis, and dispose well in
time.
2Neighbor cell relationship issue
In dedicated mode, MS send measurement report to system by SACCH, and distinguish different
cell RX power level with BCCH and BSIC. If two cells have same BSIC and BCCH, in normal
situation, the distance between the two cells should be far enough, so nothing should be between
them. But due to isolated cell environment, MS often send inveracious report to system, this
inveracious neighbor cell report will misguide handover control program send handover
injunction, it will cause connections in cell attempt sending handover request to cell with low RX
power level, named ping-pong handover, and result in higher handover-out failure rate from
isolated cell to target cell. On the other hand, higher handover-in failure rate will appear at target
cell which has the same BSIC and BCCH with isolated cell.
Due to compact frequency reuse in urban, it sometimes results in isolated effectiveness. The
principle how to judge isolated point is, that observes whether advantaged radio propagation
environment exists between isolated point C and Cell A, for example: higher antenna height and
small down tilt for Cell C, open land, highway and river between Cell A and Cell C, etc.
intra MSC handover or inter MSC handover, the problem will be more serious. Because MSC
does not know transmission failure between BSC and BTS, if handover request happens, it will
cause channel allocation request is sent to target BSC, and results in handover failure. This
problem will continue until originating BSC does not receive MS measurement report about target
cell.
If neighbor cell channel resource absence results in handover failure, we could refer to solution of
TCH/SDCCH congestion. In addition, configuring handover request priority higher than allocation
request priority is also an effective solution for handover selection failure problem.
4Terrible radio environment
If handover execution failure rateHANDOVER EXECUTION FAILURER RATEis high, it is
possible radio environment problem of target cell or originating cell. Terrible radio environment
will cause that MS could not receive handover command from originating cell, or capture channel
allocated by target cell.
Normally, the reason of terrible radio environment is overlap coverage absence between cells. We
could check coverage prediction, especially some special places (e.g. tunnel, etc), once have
suspicion, it is better to confirm it by drive test and use relevant radio optimization approaches to
improve coverage. Reducing down tilt and adding antenna height could improve cell coverage, but
this could also introduce much adjacent interference. Fundamental method is to add sites or micro
cells, but this is out of optimization.
5Coverage issue
If there is not enough overlap coverage between originating cell and target cell (shown in Figure
11), handover could fail because MS is not able to capture TCH of target cell. In the situation,
replacement is difficult with lower probability.
If make sure terrible coverage results in failure, we have to use relevant approaches to improve
overlap coverage.
Figure 11 terrible coverage results in handover failure
6Interference issue
If interference exists, it is difficult for MS to capture TCH of target cell. And here, RX power level
is better, but uplink / downlink signal quality is terrible.
If handover-in execution failure rate is high, it is necessary to check cell interference. Checking
handover-in and handover-out execution failure rate of every pair of cells could indicate
interference exists in single cell or in multi-cell, and further estimate interference area and
interference property.
If handover-out execution failure rate is high, probably downlink interference exists in originating
cell, MS could not decode HANDOVER COMMAND message from BTS, here T3103 time out
results in call drop. The reason of higher handover-out execution failure rate may be due to
downlink / uplink interference in target cell. Therefore, it is necessary to check every indicator of
every pair of cells to help estimating interference, at the same time check correlation between
handover-in execution failure rate and allocation failure rate of target cell. Higher handover failure
rate caused by interference always accompanies high allocation failure rate.
To confirm cell interference, proportion of handover due to uplink / downlink quality could be
estimated.
If confirming cell interference, change cell frequency in time or eliminate interference source.
7Antenna issue
Due to obstruction before antenna or two antennae coverage asymmetry of the same cell, for
solution, please see allocation failure analysis.
8Repeater issue
for analysis and solution, please see call drop analysis.
9Parameters issue
Due to inconsequent or mismatch parameters, e.g. configuring T3103 with a small number results
in MS could not capture channel if target cell.
If parameter description of neighbor cell about LAC and CI of target cell, it will result in higher
handover selection failure rate.
10Incomplete LAC list of MSC
If the definition of REMOTELAC table of MSC faultiness or error, and there is MSC boundary
cell definition on BSS side, it will result in handover selection failure. When handover request
reaches MSC, MSC finds LAC does not belong to itself, MSC will search in remote LAC table. If
remote LAC table has no information about LAC, it will result in handover failure. When
executing INTER MSC continuous handover, if there is no definition of LAC of target MSC in
originating MSC, it will result in handover failure.
11Higher signaling link load impact
Due to congestion caused by heavy load on interface A, there is no available resource when
sending handover request and handover command between intra MSC or inter MSC. In this
situation, trunk link capacity should be expanded.
into the original cell again because of power budget even if it was handed over out due to quality
reason.
5.1.3 Solutions
1Parameter checking
Check whether cell handover parameter is set properly.
2Eliminate hardware problem
If there is downlink hardware problem, for instance, too small transmitting power of some TRX, it
will make receiving signals strength and quality of MS that uses the TRX is bad. If this situation
happens, high downlink level handover will accompany high downlink quality handover.
Therefore, we can check traffic change as well as the ratio of incoming handover to outgoing
handover.
Downlink hardware problem will also make downlink quality handover, assignment failure, radio
link failure increase and much higher than those of other cells. Some downlink hardware problems
will be shown in VSWR alarm in OMC-R. Solutions are: track Abis interface, check whether
uplink and downlink are balanced, check downlink level status, measure VSWR of BTS, as well
as check cables in transmitter.
3Eliminate GSM system internal interference
1Track Abis interface. Abis analysis software can find out downlink TRX with high level and
bad quality;
2) Observe OMC-R traffic report. If the cells traffic is high, then uplink quality handover will
also be very high;
3 Analyze cells planning figure. Try to find out interfering cell (the interference may not be
caused by neighbor cells, we shall be aware that it is possibly because of isolated island
phenomenon). If the interference is newly-appeared, it may be related to newly-added BTS;
4Ascertain interference by DT;
5 Turn off interfering cell and check whether the interference disappears, so as to ascertain
interference source.
5.2.3 Troubleshooting
1Parameter checking
Check the parameters of cell handover.
2Check the hardware
If there are problems concerning uplink hardware, loss of cell or some TRX will be great. At the
same time, we shall check the failure rate of handover in. Because if uplink BER is high, even if
BSC
(2)
BTS
MS
RACH/CHANNEL REQUEST
CHANNEL REQUIRED
(1)
CHANNEL ACTIVATION
CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNEMENT
(3)
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNEMENT
ESTABLISH INDICATION
(4)
SABM
UA
6.4 Troubleshooting
1Confirm the time when error occurs
Check the time when RACH access failed and whether it still exists and is caused by incident.
2Make sure whether its caused by hardware or interference
Compare the following running status: handover in, establish requests, and assign requests. If its
caused by BCCH uplink interference, it will not affect handover greatly, and RACH
demodulation level and channel assignment success rate will be reduced. If its caused by
hardware, access success rate will be very low.
3Eliminate hardware malfunction
If there is hardware error in uplink, network will not be able to assign channels responding to MS
channel requests. In this case, check site hardware, especially TRX, antenna and feeder. If the
problem is not sure, do Abis analysis and check link budget.
4Eliminate interference
If the problems dont lie in hardware and connection, then there is great possibility that its caused
by interference. Check whether there is newly-added RF equipment around the cell based on the
time that error arises and the duration. Check frequency scheme to make sure that there is no intrafrequency interference and adjacent cell interference. If its the case, modify BCCH frequency to
see whether RACH level is changed also. If its necessary, do DT, use spectrum analyzer or RF
receptor to check the features of interference signaling. Please refer to interference chapter.
5Remove the effect of repeater
Attention shall be given to wideband repeater. The function of wideband repeater is to enhance
network coverage and is mainly used in suburbs and rural areas. In the cities, indoor repeater is
mainly used for coverage of large buildings and basements. The usage of repeaters will change the
coverage condition, so coverage range shall be controlled. Interference will not be caused in the
area with no signaling from other sites, but the balance of uplink & downlink shall be guaranteed.
In the cities the repeater will cause great interference especially uplink interference. If the
equipment is good, most problems of RACH inefficiency is caused by the interference from the
repeaters. So if repeater is needed, closed circuit repeaters are strongly recommended or install
narrow-beam antenna beside the site to control transmission power.
happens, antenna parameters like height, direction angle and pitch angle shall be adjusted.
update times will be added and thus improve paging success rate; at the same time, one problem
may occur. Because user stays in blind spots for long time(time is shorter than hidden power-off
time) and is still in ATTACH status in MSC and when the user is being called, VLR will allocate
the user with MSRN, which will result in an effective paging and thus reduce paging success rate.
Therefore, the setting of T3212 and hidden power-off time makes difference for paging success
rate, and shall be made based on analysis of traffic statistics and BSC & MSC parameters.
We shall also make optimization of TRX maximum transmission power and MS minimum access
power level RXLEV ACCESS MIN etc , adjust antennae and build new sites to enhance
network coverage.
2lack of signaling channel of the cell in which MS being called, RACH access failure of user
being called, SDCCH assignment failure and SDCCH call drop can all lead to one of the
following results: RACH access failure, signaling channel of access cell busy and call drop on
SDCCH during signaling link establishment, which will make MSC to fail to receive paging
response messages and finally result in paging overtime.
In this case we shall use traffic statistics to find cells of which signaling channels are congested
and which severe failure of immediate assignment exists. For the cells with congested SDCCH,
PCH, RACH and AGCH we can adjust related parameters and number of related signaling
channels (refer to the handling of SDCCH congestion) based on requirements in order to reduce
congested cell and improve PAGING success rate. As for the cells with many immediate
assignment failures, we can check whether its caused by interference, equipment hardware error,
improper parameters or feeder error etc.
In the process of optimization, we can set T3122 (wait indication duration) to be as short as
possible so as to enhance network average access performance. Raise MAXRETRANS
maximum resend time as much as possible which is a key parameter to improve accessibility
rateand can be set according to traffic volume of the cell. Also, we shall make optimization of
BS AG BLKS RES, BS PA MFRMS and TX INTEGER in order to improve the responding
capability of MS toward the system.
3 During the period from MSC sending TCH assignment request to BSC to BSC resending
TCH assignment success message, call establishment may fail due to failure of TCH assignment.
4During the period from getting message from BSC to BSC sending ANC message to TMSC,
call loss may occur caused by one of the following reasons: the calling MS hangs up, no response
from MP, disconnection due to overtime and the called MS hangs up.
Its hard to resolve for the user. We shall check whether instability of signaling or transmission
exists in MSC and resolve it immediately.
5check whether the loss of the feeder is increasing. We can use apparatus to measure standing
wave ratio. If its less than 1.5, it may be caused by feeder connector or leakage of the feeder
which reduces the transmission power and the coverage of the sites.
6make sure whether its due to capacity enlargement. If its the case, check the following
1whether different types of couplers are used. Different type has different loss which we shall
pay special attention to.
2After operation or capacity enlargement of the site, check whether the installation of the new
antenna is up to the requirements; If the distance between MS and tower is near, the tower may
block the antenna; check the height of the antenna. If its too high, it may lead to dark-down-tower;
if its tow low, it may make the coverage narrower; check whether the inclination of the antenna is
reasonable; check whether the coverage of the major antenna and diversity is consistent. For
inconsistency will affect the coverage effect which leads to call drop, assignment failure and hand
over failure and finally results in narrow coverage of the sites.
3check the receiving sensitivity of the sites
If the sensitivity decreases, the coverage of the site will become weaker.
7 check whether RACH decoding level varies. If it changes greatly, the signaling from MS
may not reach the site.
8 check whether interference exists. Strong interference will reduce receiving sensitivity of
the site and thus affect the site coverage.
9eliminate the electromagnetic interference . If the electromagnetic interference is great, it
will affect SNR, which will affect communication of long-distance subscriber.
9.2 Others
1Signaling block
New buildings block the propagation of the electromagnetic wave and make the signaling become
weak and users in far area cant use normally. The high buildings near the sites will have greatest
effect on the propagation.
2Propagation ambience changes
The change of propagation environment of electromagnetic makes the receiving signaling fade.
Especially in mountainous region, the propagation there rely much on the reflection of the hills
and if the plantation changes, the signaling may fade and cant reach the user.
3Technical indicator of the terminal descends
The descending of the MS power and sensitivity may affect the reception of the radio signaling.
The feeder which is used to transmit signaling and the connector shall be in good condition.
We can seen from the above that the descending of the site coverage is caused by many reasons.
Thus we shall make daily maintenance and do troubleshooting timely to guarantee smooth running
of the system.
1Echo suppressor(ECerror
EC is placed between PLMN and PSTN. So if the subscribers of these network complain about
echo during communication, its probably caused by EC error.
2TCU error
Tch is responsible for rate transferring adaptation, so if it error, echo will occur.
3Subscriber MP error
In the process from MS voice coding to radio wave sending, if relevant hardware error, echo will
occur.
4Propagation circuit
Due to careless maintenance of A interface and Abis interface, loop or cutover may caused which
may result in echo.
5BTS hardware error
BTS is responsible for the whole process(demodulation, burst and channel decoding ect) exclusive
of voice decoding, if one hareware error, echo may occur.
6Update and patch
If system update and patch are inconsistent with current system hardware, echo may occur. Its
suggested to do dialing test to check the compatibility of the system.
10.6 Other
1When MS originates calls and returns to idle state, MS cant dial in a while. Its because MS
receives immediate assignment refuse message due to signaling channel congestion which
includes refuse connect timer T3122thus MS is hard to get access to the network
2Bad voice quality when MS is making calls
When MS is making calls with PSTN subscribervoice quality of MS is bad while the other party
is fair (receiving level is high), there may be error or interference in downlink of the standing cell
of MS. So, check downlink hardwaretransceiver ,frame processor, combiner and feeder etc
first then use traffic statistics to check whether there are too many handover of downlink
handover due to quality.
When voice quality of PSTN subscriber is bad, it may be caused by uplink error or interference of
MS standing cell. Check uplink hardware such as transceiver, frame processor, combiner and
feeder etc
If it happens between two MS, two network situation shall be taken into consideration.
2Malfunction analysis
See the analysis of case four.
3Fault finding
Check equipment hardware and parameters and find no problems. OMC-R traffic statistics report
reveals average receiving level of MS in this cell is relatively high (-85dBm/uplink and
-81dBm/uplink on average) and receiving quality is bad(-3.8/uplink and 3.15/downlink), which
indicates there are probably great interference in the system. By investigation, we find that a
repeater amplifies the signaling of this cell as well as the interferer signalingBCCH frequency
of surrounding cell and frequency of the hopping and co-channel and adjacent channel are
introduced..
4troubleshooting
Close DTX function of this cell, change hopping mode to non-hopping mode and do frequency
planning again. Avoid using the same and adjacent frequency. Adjust handover parameter and
power control parameters in order to avoid hopping.
5experience
Avoid using repeater where the same frequency or adjacent frequency may be used. Use microcell to resolve coverage issue.