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ADVANTAGES OF NETWORK
Hardware sharing
Software sharing
Efficiency of hardware and software resources
Reduces redundancy
Saves paper and time
Internet sharing
Security
NETWORK COMPONENTS
The network components are server, client, network interface card and mode of connection.
SERVER It is a powerful computer or a series of computers with high speed and great
processing capability. It can link other computers or electronic devices together over servers to
provide important services to both private and public users.
CLIENT It is a computer system which uses a network to access a remote service from the server.
It can be access all the applications or information from the main server. A client is also known as a
node.
NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC) it is a small piece of computer hardware- a LAN card,
which facilitates the communication between different computers over a network.
MODE OF COMMUNICATION Computer networks are used to interconnect the individual
devices in a network, such as optical fiber, Ethernet or wireless LAN. All these nodes in a network
are connected through basic hardware components such as NICs, Bridges, Hubs, Switches, and
Routers.
MODEM It stands for MOdulator DEModulator.
There are two types of modems:
Wireless modem It connects the computer to a wireless network instead of
telephone system.
Cable Modem It provides data communication through a device that remains
outside the computer and is connected with wires.
NETWORKING TERMS
INTRANET refers to a computer network within an organization.
EXTRANET refers to a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside for specific
business or educational purposes.
TYPES OF NETWORK
There are four basic types of computer networks:
1. LAN Local Area Network is used when two or more computers or peripheral devices are
connected within a small area like a room, office building or a campus. The maximum range or
LAN can be 10 kilometre.
2. MAN Metropolitan Area Network is much larger than a LAN setup and is spread across a city.
Since it cover an entire city, it is called MAN.
3. WAN Wide Area Network comes into picture when we have two or more computers located at
faraway places, linked by communication facilities like telecommunication or satellite signals.
4. PAN A computer network which is used for communication among computers and different
information technological devices close to each other is called a PAN(Personal Area Network).
INTERNET
It is network of billions of computers which are connected to each other to share information and resources.
INTERNET TERMS
WEB PAGE : The pages of a website are known as Web Pages. It include images, text, hot links,
video, audio etc.
WEB SITE : It is just like a book. As a book contains a number of pages, a web site consists of a
number of web pages that hold large amounts of information.
WORLD WIDE WEB : It is a collection of documents stored on computers around the world.
HYPERLINKS : Web pages contain highlighted text or images called Hyperlinks. By clicking on
these links, you can move from one page to another.
WEB SERVER: It can be a computer program which delivers web content using HTTP over the
World Wide Web. Or a Web Server can be a computer or virtual machine which runs the program
of delivering web content.
WEB BROWSER: It is Application software used to view and interpret Web pages. It acts as an
interface between the user and the World Wide Web.
UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR(URL): An address or location of website on the Internet is
called its URL. To visit any website, we should known its URL.
INTERSPACE: The interspace is a vision of what the Internet will become in the near future. The
Interspace will offer distributed services to transfer concepts across different domains.
USES OF INTERNET
Education
Mailing letters
Business
E-Commerce
Media and Entertainment
Forums for Discussion
Health and Fitness
Tourism and Travel
TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
Computer network being a communication system for computers requires one or more transmitters and
receivers, a message and a communication channel.
The computers and other devices that communicate with each other on a network are called nodes or
stations. In computer networks, most nodes function as transceivers, i.e., they transmit as well as receive
messages.
Transmission media can be classified into the following categories:
GUIDED MEDIA This type of transmission includes cables wires to transmit the information
from source to destination. It is classified on the basis of material used such as:
Twisted pair wire is the most widely used medium for telecommunication and consists of
copper wires that are twisted into pairs. The transmission speed ranges from 2 million to 100
million bits per second.
Advantages
It is a thin, flexible cable that can easily be laid between walls.
Multiple lines can run through the same wiring duct.
The chances of Cross- talk are minimized.
Disadvantages
The transmission signal becomes weak when the distance is long.
Coaxial cable In it both the conductors share the same geometric axis. Transmission
speed ranges from 200 million to more than 500 million bits per second. The most common
type of connector used with these cables is Bayonet Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector.
Advantages
Highly resistant to signal interference. Transmission is better than twisted
pair cable.
Offer higher Bandwidth up to 400 HBPS.
Disadvantages
Difficult to install and not suitable for long distance networks. Only on use in
cable TV.
The insulation of a Coaxial cable may degrade which would result into the
replacement of the cable.
It does not ensure date security as they can be tapped.
Expensive as compared to twisted pair cables.
Optical fiber cable consists of a central glass core, surrounded by several layers of
protective materials. It transmits light instead of electronic signals, thus eliminating the
problem of electrical interference. Optical Fiber cable has the ability to transmit signals over
much longer distances than covered by Coaxial and Twisted Pair. It also has the capability to
carry information at a very high speed. There are two types of fiber cables Single Mode
and Multimode.
Advantages
Optical Fibers are widely used in fiber-optic communications which permits
transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidth.
Fibers reduce loss of signal and there is no electromagnetic interference.
They ensure high data security and they cannot be tapped.
Disadvantages
It is quite tough to install the equipment of optical dibers.
It is more expensive than any other guided media.
Joining lengths of Optical Fiber is more complex than joining electrical wire
or cable. Connection losses are common problems in optical fiber.
Ethernet cables are used to connect network devices such as modems, routers, hubs and
adapters. They transmit data using the Ethernet protocol. They look similar to telephone
jacks, which use 4 pins or 8 pins. Ethernet cable are of two types:
Straight through It is most commonly used cable where the smaller cables
inside the Ethernet cable on both ends will be in the same order of colors
from left to right.