Glacier Journal Of Scientific Research

ISSN:2349-8498

Qfd Approach For Framing Ohs Practice In Different

Industries In India For Employee Satisfaction
Pragnya Pramit Choudhury, jagadish baral,Jitendra Biswal Suchismita Satapathy
School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract Government is concerned about the safety of employee in a industries as its the top most priority
for the sustainable development of the organisation as well as to create a friendly and healthy
environment to work. Indian Government is implementing different laws and regulations
concerning occupational safety and health and to secure the working environment and also
implementing an adequate and appropriate system of inspection as the workers or the employees
safety is the top most priority for every industry. The purpose of this paper is to review research
in the health effects and risks associated with the different industries like steel automobiles
mining manufacturing sector and others like construction and to design a framework for these
factors related to the occupational health and safety practice with the QFD tool. The important
theme of this research is to propose a framework providing guidelines for the managers in policy
formulation to improve safety performance as an essential concept of injury prevention in
different industries. OHS practice in different industries are taken in to consideration here in the
research which will be arranged together to develop models where the guidelines will be
extracted successfully to reduce injury level and material damage in an organization and these
guidelines may be useful in formulating safety policy.

Introduction
Occupational accident and work-related diseases are a worldwide problem. It causes a lot of
suffering as well as loss to individual, organization, community and society. Safe, healthy and
environmentally sound work environment should be of extreme priority for any socially
responsible employer. Such an environment helps to build an organizations public image and
contribute to positive public relations. Commitment to employees safety and health extends
beyond economic benefits to long term consequences for workforce and their families. Many
companies have implemented occupation health and safety assessment series (OHSAS 18001
systems) as an effort to meet government guidelines and business (export) compulsions resulting
in barely any visible impact. The reason being that consideration of organizational requirement,
employees needs and their participation are completely missing during implementation stage.
With the rise of knowledge economy and global competition, the quality of human resources
becomes one of the important factors in business competition. But a quality human resource does
not guarantee a good job performance; rather willingness and initiation become driving factors
for job performance. Employees satisfaction is one of the factors to influence the willingness
and initiation to do a good job. To the management, within a limited business resource, it is very
important to understand the factors that influence employees satisfaction. Employees
satisfaction is always the key point of researchers interest. Research indicates that employee
satisfaction has been shown to be one of the best predictors of turnover. With regard to employee
satisfaction, the job itself and salary and employee safety are big factors in determination of
turnover intention. Employees benefit also influences the level of employees satisfaction.
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To retain better human resource means maximization of profit for the organization. So, OHS is a
key factor for all organizations to satisfy employees. Employees sometimes exposed to
disproportionate number of workplace accidents. It seems that a significant proportion of the
accident propensity can be attributed to their relatively small level of experience as well as
psychosocial variables relating to their stage of life. While these factors influence safety
behaviour, social marketing aims at improving safety knowledge and changing safety attitudes
and perceptions leading to a significant impact on reducing accidents.
Enrichment of OHS can be made possible by treating an organizations internal users as
customers. Marketing inside the organization is an essential part of delivering value to the
organization and ultimately to the end customer. Hence, it is debated that employees are the first
customer whereas external customers are the second customer. Therefore, the effectiveness of
management is tied to the concept of internal marketing (IM). Hence, an organization should
consider internal customers and external customers with equal importance.

Backgrounds
To minimize accidents, Khan and Abbasi had proposed a hazard management plan and
assessments of risk process in chemical industries. Occupational accidents are not only limited to
large scale industries but also small scale industries in agriculture, fisheries, tanneries, silk, and
construction sectors. Kartam and Bouz have identified that working at height representing a
major cause of fatal accidents in construction industries. Prasanna Kumar and Dewangan
analysed the agricultural accidents in north eastern region of India and reported that agriculture
accident rate accounts 6.39 per 1000 workers/year in a tiny Indian province like Arunachal
Pradesh.
Holmes et al. emphasized the perceptions and understandings of risk and its control in OHS
among employers of an Austrian small, blue-collar business industry. The findings of this study
demonstrate that perceived quality of risk and its control are mediated by the social context of
work. Ren et al. applied linear discriminant analysis in classification of skin sensitizers when
employees are exposed to different environmental conditions in the industries. Sii et al. have
developed a safety model to carry out risk analysis for marine systems using fuzzy logic
approach. Saurin et al. [72] have analysed construction safety management practices from three
cognitive systems engineering perspective (flexibility, learning and awareness). The safety
management processes considered in the study are transparent, safety planning, proactive
performance measurement, accident investigations, and identification and monitoring of
pressures.
Beriha, G.S., Patnaik, narrated the theroy of safety performance in industries.
Analysis of Construction-Related Research Compared to the Needs of Industry Professionals
Sterling T. Graham Justin M. Reginato, Jay P. Christofferson demonstrated training/human
resources, followed by management/risks, and technology/innovation.
Abudayyeh, O., Dibert-DeYoung,A., & Jaselskis, E. (2004). Analysis of Trends in Construction
Research: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management.In the broad spectrum of
occupational health and safety (OHS), several attempts have been made to assess risk as a safety
practice. Komaki et al have found that the tendency to engage in risky behaviours in work
setting can be reduced through training and behavioural reinforcement. The study also identifies
the significant difference in some safety climate scales among accidental involvements and
organizations. However, a large numbers of studies have been devoted to the assessment of
safety practices in various kinds of industries but prediction in different types of accidents vis-June2015,Issue

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vis investment in different types preventive measures has not been adequately addressed in the
literature.
Occupational health and safety (OHS) issues in thermal power plant [2014] Prof. S. Sathpathy
and Prof. S.K PATEL important factors related to occupational health and safety issues in
thermal power plant

Survey methodology
To design a framework for the OHS practice , a standard questionnaire was designed for
different industries in India. mostly in the areas like steel automobile thermal power plant and
others manufacturing sector. A survey was conducted using this questionnaire. The questionnaire
was asked to different experts manger and employee of the industry. The survey was conducted
from November to march 2015. We have compared the data from different respondents and
found out the common factors affecting the OHS. In the survey we have got the most common
employee requirements and also where the organisation is putting all its fuscous . The most
common safety measure tool in every industries are Preventive measure, Emergencies plan,
Injury avoidance, Health plan, OHS training, Periodic plan, Risk Management .
SL.No

QUESTIONNAIRE

Sufficient amount is allotted for health care expenses in the organization

Safety training programs are conducted in the organization on regular basis

3
4
5

Regular meeting is organized between the health safety managers and OHS members
Instruction manuals being followed before executing any hazardous job activity
Organizations members are active in making oral presentations, posters and safety
campaigns
Alarms/beeping sound/alarming light and emergency lights work effectively when a
crisis situation arises
Up to what extent prevention plans are circulated among all the workers
Periodic check conducted on exhibition of prevention plans
Complain with Asthma problems are found with workers

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

Firm accident rates regularly compared with other organizations

The organization reports the accidents and dangerous occurrences to the
Environmental Health Unit
Organization follows a written safety policy
Company undertakes a stress risk assessment in the workplace
Flammable liquids and bottles are used in your company are taken care
The company readily provides health subsidies when accidents occur within the
workplace
Health check-ups are done regularly for employees
Insurance plans and benefits are formulated by the organization
Death compensations are provided immediately on claiming
Safety equipments are supplied by the organization to avoid accidents
Immediate medical facilities are provided for personal injuries

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21

Danger symbols or boards and funny pictorial representation are made to avoid
accidents
22
Safety measures are taken to avoid asthma, hearing problem, skin problems
23
The organization values the employer at working place
24
Health and safety policies are followed as per the norms
25
Complaint cells act effectively to solve employees problems at work place
26
Regular auditing is done by OHS
Overall safety performance of the organization
27
28

Safety officers are vigilant

The employees works in healthy and safety condition

QFD methodology
The QFD transforms all the information on a graphical display known as House of Quality
(HOQ). This house provides a framework that guides the team through the QFD process. It is a
matrix that identifies the whats and hows, the relationship between them and criteria for
deciding which of the hows will provide the greatest customer satisfaction. The top of the
house identifies the interrelationships between the hows. Enhancements to the QFD process
include adding importance measures to the customer requirements including target values for
product design features and relating product design features to part and mechanism
characteristics.

Application of QFD to OHS practice

After getting seven important parameters/items for the improvement OHS practice in different
organisation by interview with experts, QFD was applied to identify system design requirements
for OHS practice in different industry for customer satisfaction. QFD uses a series of matrices to
document information collected and represent the QFD teams plan for a customer need and
system design requirements. Seven worker requirements and eight design characteristics are
identified in case of OHS practice in the industry. Tables 1.1 and 1.2 shows the details of the
customer needs and system design needs. The HOQ (matrix) is the mainly acknowledged form of
QFD. HOQ is constructing The HOQ (matrix) is the mainly acknowledged form of QFD. HOQ
is constructing from these major components as explain below.
Customer needs (Whats): A structured list of requirements derived from experts
feedback
Design requirements (Hows): A structured set of relevant and measurable
services/characteristics which are required for fulfilling Whats.
Planning matrix (left matrix): Gives customer/expert perceptions observed in
surveys. It includes the relative importance of requirements

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Interrelationship matrix (centre matrix): Gives the experts perceptions of interrelationships

between design requirements and customer needs. An appropriate scale is applied and illustrated
using symbols or figures. Filling this portion of the matrix involves discussions.
Design correlation (top) matrix: Used to identify where design requirements support
or impede each other in the system or product design
Revised customer rating for the needs was determined from the correlation matrix of:
customer ratings 1 .

1
Customer ratings

Zi +

j=1

(Bij.Zj)

n-1
Bij is ith initial customer rating and Zj denote the relationship between customer need and
customer rating respectively
n number of customer need Bij
[B1ij, B2ij].
The individual rating for each design requirement is obtained from the centre matrix using the
following relation:

n
Design requirement

Aij.Xj

Where Aij and Xj denote the relative importance of the ith characteristics with respect to the Jth
customer need in the relationship matrix and the importance of Jth customer needs (customer
ratings) and n is the number of customer needs.

1.1 EMPLOYEE REQUIREMENTS TABLE

1
Preventive measure
2
Emergencies plan
3
Injury avoidance
4
Health plan
5
OHS training
6
Periodic plan
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Risk Management

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1.2 DESIGNING REQUIREMENT TABLE

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Safety training programs are conducted in the organization on regular basis

Instruction manuals being followed before executing any hazardous job activity
Immediate medical facilities are provided for personal injuries
Alarms/beeping sound/alarming light and emergency lights work effectively when a
crisis situation arises
A Safety equipments are supplied by the organization to avoid accidents
The company readily provides health subsidies when accidents occur within the
workplace
The employees works in healthy and safety condition
Regular auditing is done by OHS
Company undertakes a stress risk assessment in the workplace

1.3 Symbols for QFD

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2

Strong
Moderate
Weak
Very weak

HOUSE OF QUALITY

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A QFD matrix was prepared, and the respondents were asked to assign numeric relative
importance scores to the various customer requirements, from the lowest to the highest, on a
scale from 1 to 9. They were also asked to express, in numeric values, the strong-moderate-weak
relationship between whats and the Hows as .2, .4, .6, and .8 with symbols. After the responses
were collected, scores for each of the columns was computed. the design requirements are
prioritised as per their importance of design requirement

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CONCLUSION
The study provides a generic framework on OHS in the light of technological advances, global
competition, re-alignment of organizational processes with the markets for dealing new rules of
corporate strategy and outsourcing in order to access or extend organizational capabilities. A
widespread problem faced in the field on occupational injury prevention. There is apparent
pressure on the part of management to achieve results on short-term basis leading to suppression
of the long-term strategies within the context of a broad strategic plan. It is recommended that a
more long-term and strategic view is needed to adequately identify and address the barriers on
implementation of OHS policies
The instrument is useful for improving morale of the workers and their satisfaction in regard to
safety issues. The instrument has been tested using statistical tool and can be used for
comparative evaluation of safety practices within organizations. Using the instrument,
comparison of various industrial settings has been made using discriminate analysis. An
instrument has been proposed to assess OHS practices in three different area which are
characterized by disorganized and unsafe work environment. Although internal guidelines and
Government legislation is being practised in these industries, the work practices seems to below
average.
.

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