ENERGY EFFICIENCY

MEHB503 Renewable Energy

OUTLINE
Why Energy Efficiency?
Energy Intensity and New Policies in ASEAN
Supply Side Efficiency
Domestic Energy Efficiency Initiatives

WHY ENERGY EFFICIENCY?

Ensure adequate supply

Reduce import dependence

e.g. Malaysia imports 90 % of its coal which is

approx. 40 % of its generation capacity

Reduce GHG emissions

Currently high dependence on finite energy sources

Climate change mitigation

Improve financial balances

Savings can be used for development

WHY ENERGY EFFICIENCY?

iea BLUE map scenario

ENERGY INTENSITY AND NEW POLICIES IN ASEAN

Most ASEAN nations

rapidly developing
Energy demand to
increase significantly
Need to reduce energy
intensity to curb GHG
emissions
ASEAN New Policies
shows big potential
for energy efficiency

Per-capita electricity demand and income in ASEAN, 2011

ASEAN energy efficiency gains and unrealized potential in

the New Policies Scenario, 2012 2035

SUPPLY SIDE EFFICIENCY

Well established and continuosly improving
Directly related to cpu of electricity produced
Generation:

High

efficiency turbines/generators
High temperature furnaces
Combined cycle generation
Cogeneration / trigeneration
Process waste heat generation (HRSG)

SUPPLY SIDE EFFICIENCY (CONT.)

Transmission:
Optimize

high voltage networks

Spinning reserve management
/ sharing

Distribution:
Higher

voltage lines
Low temperature transformer oil
Hybrid switchgear
Superconductors

SUPPLY SIDE EFFICIENCY (CONT.)

Smart Grid

Solar Energy

Micro Grid

Fuel Cell EV

EV Charging
Infrastructure
Energy Storage

Smart
Controllers

Simulation
Studies

Smart Electrical
Appliances
Research
Studies

Education

SUPPLY SIDE EFFICIENCY

Smart Grid features

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES

EE Practices or Zero Cost Options:
do house chores out of peak load times
plan activities to occupy the same room

Switch off all lights and fans when you leave the room even for few minutes
switch off completely (not sleep, hibernate, or standby) electrical appliances when not in use
switch off monitor / close lid when you leave the PC / notebook
use washing machine or dish washer only when full load, manually wash small amount

choosing certified energy efficient appliances when time to replace

use white or light coloured walls / roof tiles / curtain to reflect heat
use natural ventilation where possible
use sun light to dry clothes instead of a dryer

employ natural lighting during daytime

Sleep naked
Sleep early campaign - early sleep hours = early lights off
do not charge mobile devices overnight

regularly (annually / bi-annually) check wiring for current leakages

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES

EE Practices or Zero Cost Options:
Increase air-conditioning temperature setting to comfortable level ie. not too cold
Ensure no leaks in heating and cooling ducts.

Ensure doors and windows are closed when air conditioning is turned on.
proper placements of windows when designing buildings
Use water heater with lower temperature level when taking bath
ensure vacuum cleaner bags not too full when vacuuming

defrost regularly and avoid opening the refrigerator door frequently

place refrigerator away from sunlight, oven or other sources of heat
Dont enclose, and dont place the back of refrigerator too close to the wall to avoid heat trap
let cooked food naturally cool down to room temperatures before placing it in the refrigerator
let frozen food thaw naturally instead of using the stove or microwave
boil water using electric kettle instead of using the stove or microwave
Proper insulation for water pipes and tanks
plant trees as shading on building sides exposed to sun path

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES

EE Technology options:
EE lighting; halogen compact fluorescent lamp LED; T8 T5; install dimmers
Use low cost Passive Infra Red (PIR) to switch off lighting in an unoccupied area
EE air conditioning; inverter heat exchanger evaporative adsorption chiller ice
storage district cooling
energy management system to control optimized timing of lighting and air conditioning

passive solar architecture features

passive ventilation features
double glazed or e-glass windows
install wall and roof insulation
Install rooftop ventilator; thermal chimney

green roof
heat reflecting paint
build small pool / water feature to create cool environment

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES

EE Technology options:
in-line water heater / shower instead of in-tank heater
solar water heater
energy saving kettle; rapid boiler kettle

LCD TV instead of CRT

Natural Lighting harvesting tech: Skylights, light throughs, light reflectors, sawtooth roof,
Heliostats, Smart glasses, light tubes, solarium
Use mains suppressor to stabilize the initial peaking voltage by electrical appliances
Smart / fuzzy logic washing machines and dishwasher

Sun tracking blinds

Notebooks instead of full sized desktops
rechargeable batteries; green charger for mobile devices; solar powered charger
door sweeps to stop air from escaping from underneath doors
install awning, cladding and shading

ENERGY EFFICIENCY INITIATIVES

EE in Transportation
Use non-carbon emission transportations whenever we can (bicycle, walking etc)
Share transportation, car pool

Use public transportations, better if electrified

Reduce vehicle weight by removing unnecessary items
Turn off engine unless on the move - do not wait in the car while engine on
motive power; downsizing direct injection forced induction hybrid plug-in hybrid
range extended EV fuel cell EV pure EV

design improvement aerodynamics, lightweight materials

regenerative braking technology, kinetic energy recovery
energy efficient tires