MAPEH Study Notes

HEALTH

Community is defined as a sociological

group in a large place sharing one
environment. It therefore includes the
individual and the family.
Community Health is defined as the
art and science of maintaining,
protecting and improving the health of
all the members of the community
through organized and sustained
community efforts.
Environmental Health comprises
those aspects of human health that are
determined by physical, chemical,
biological, social and psychosocial
factors in the surrounding environment.
In order to achieve this, the Department
of Health promoted community health
with the partnership of community,
barangay, government, and
nongovernmental organizations through
the program called Primary Health
Care.
Garbage refers to leftover vegetables,
animal, fish and other food materials
from the kitchen and establishments.
Rubbish are waste materials such as
bottles, broken glass, tin cans, waste
papers, discarded porcelain wares,
pieces of metal and other wrapping
materials.
Dead animals are lifeless dogs, cats,
rats, pigs, chicken and other animals
which die from diseases or accidents.
Street Night soil consists of human
waste, normally wrapped and thrown
into sidewalks and streets. It also
includes human waste from the pail
system.
Yard Cuttings are those leaves,
branches, grass, and other similar
materials made during cleaning of
gardens and typhoon aftermaths.

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ILLEGAL MINING is defined as the

extraction of valuable minerals or other
geological materials from the earth
from an ore body, lode, vein, seam, or
reef, which forms the mineralized
package of economic interest to the
miner in the absence of land rights,
mining license, exploration or mineral
transportation permit or of any
document that could legitimate the ongoing operations.
Soil erosion happens when soil and
rock are moved from one place to
another by wind, water, and gravity.
CORAL REEF DEGRADATION is a
significant problem throughout the
world.
Flash Floods is a sudden flood of great
volume, usually caused by a heavy rain.
Soil Pollution is chiefly caused by
chemicals in pesticides, such as poisons
that are used to kill agricultural pests
like insects and herbicides that are used
to get rid of weeds.
Solid Waste Management shall refer
to the discipline associated with the
control of generation, storage,
collection, transfer and transport,
processing, and disposal of solid waste
in a manner that is in accord with the
best principles of public health,
economics, engineering, conservation,
aesthetics, and other environmental
considerations and that is also
responsive to public attitude.
Stable Manure includes animal from
barns, stables or the likes.

P. E.

BPM- Beats Per Minute

Circuit Training- an exercise system
where a series of exercises are done
continuously to station by station until
all the exercise are executed by the
participant.

P re p a re d b y: D a i s y B i t h a o

Eating Habits- individual or group

practice of consuming sustenance.
Hand Signals- gestures used by sports
officials to communicate to the players
and audiences specifically game related
events, like fouls, points and the like.
Health Related Fitness-component of
physical fitness that is a necessity for
daily living.
Healthy Lifestyle- Healthy habits,
attitudes, tastes, moral standards,
economic level, etc., that together
constitute the mode of a healthy living
condition of an individual or community.
Sports officiating- a system of
managing a sports, specifically on
implementing the game rules and
keeping order in the duration of the
game.
Team Sports- a sport activity played
by 3 or more players per team.
First aid is an immediate and
temporary care given to a person who
has been injured or suddenly taken ill. It
includes self-help and home care if
medical assistance is not available or
delayed.
A sprain is caused by torn fibers in a
ligament. Swelling and bruising are
some signs and symptoms.
Heat exhaustion is a response to heat
characterized by fatigue, weakness and
collapse due to inadequate intake of
water to compensate for loss of fluids
during sweating.
A strain is a twist, pull or tear of a
muscle or tendon - a cord of tissue
connecting muscle to bone. It is an
acute, non-contact injury that results
from overstretching or over-contraction.
A fracture is a break in the bone that
can occur from either a quick, one-time
injury to the bone (acute fracture) or
from repeated stress to the bone over
time (stress fracture).
RICE Method
R rest the injured part for 24 to 48hrs

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I ice pack or cold compress for 10 to

15mins.
C compression by the use of bandage
for 2days
E elevation/ elevate the injured area
Dislocations - when the two bones
that come together to form a joint
become separated, the joint is
described as being dislocated
Knee injuries can result from a blow
or twist to the knee, from improper
landing after a jump or from running
too hard, too much or without proper
warm up.

MUSIC

The Medieval period is also known as

the Middle Ages or Dark Ages that
started with the fall of the Roman
Empire.
Characteristics of the Gregorian Chants:
monophonic
Free meter
Modal
Usually based on Latin liturgy
Use of Neume notation
During the latter part of the Medieval
Period, secular music which was not
bound by Catholic traditions emerged.
Most of these songs were performed
across Europe by groups of musicians
called Troubadours.
The term Renaissance comes from
the word renaitre which means
rebirth, revival and rediscovery.
Characteristics of Renaissance Music:
Mostly polyphonic
Imitation among the voices is
common
Use of word painting in texts and
music
Melodic lines move in a flowing
manner
Melodies are easier to perform
because these move along a
scale with a few large leaps

P re p a re d b y: D a i s y B i t h a o

Mass is a form of sacred musical

composition that sets texts of the
Eucharistic liturgy into music.
Characteristics of the Mass:
Polyphonic
May be sung a cappella or with
orchestral accompaniment
Text may be syllabic (one note set to
each syllable), neumatic (a few
notes set to one syllable), or
melismatic (many notes to one
syllable)
Five Main Sections of Mass:
1. Kyrie (Lord Have Mercy)
2. Gloria (Glory to God in the Highest)
3. Credo (I Believe in One God)
4. Sanctus and Benedictus (Holy,
holy and Blessed Is He)

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5. Agnus Dei (Lamb of God)

The word Baroque is derived from the
Portuguese word barroco which
means pearl of irregular shape.
Concerto A form of orchestral music
that employs a solo instrument
accompanied by an orchestra.
Concerto Grosso - A form of orchestral
music during the Baroque Period
wherein the music is between a small
group of solo instruments called
concertino and the whole orchestra
called Tutti

P re p a re d b y: D a i s y B i t h a o

ARTS
Art Works / Style
Painting in the Cave
of Lascaux
Paintings from
Sarcophagus of
Tutankhamen
Pitsa Panel
Tomb of the Diver
Venus of Willendorf
Venus of
Brassempouy
The Pharoah
Menkaure and his
Queen, stone
Menhir

Dolmens

Cromlech

Pyramids of Giza

Mastaba
Greek Architecture
Corinthians
Ionic
Doric
Mosaic

Description
Their paintings were found inside the caves which may have
been their way of communicating with each other. It may also
be for religious or ceremonial purposes.
It emphasizes the importance of life after death and the
preservation of the knowledge of the past.
The earliest known panel painting.
The image was painted using a true fresco technique with a
limestone mortar. It depicts a symposium scene on the wall.
It is carved from limestone with excessively heavy breast and
abdomen used as charm to ensure fertility.
A sculpture of a lady with the hood. It is a fragmentary ivory
figurine from the Upper Paleolithic era that realistically
represents the human face and hairstyle.

An example of portraits presented in rigid postures, and were

simple and powerful with very little show of private emotion.
A huge stone standing vertically on the ground, usually
standing in the middle of the field or arranged in rows.
The word dolmen originated from the expression taol maen,
which means stone table. These structures are in a form of
table consisting of two huge standing stones supporting a
horizontal giant stone. It is believed that it served as grave or
as an altar.
A Brythonic word where crom means bent or curved and
llech which means slab or flag stones. Literary it is a circle
of standing stones.
It is the most substantial ancient structure of the world. The
three pyramids are the funerary structures of the three kings
of the fourth dynasty (2575 to 2465 BC) namely: Khufu
(Cheops) whom the Great Pyramid was attributed to; Khafa
(Chepren)whom the pyramid next to the Great Pyramid is
attributed; and the smallest is attributed to Menkaura
(Mycerinus).
It is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed,
rectangular structure with outward sloping sides. It was made
of mud-bricks or stone.
Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in an aisle
surrounded by rows of columns.
Columns that are elegantly or elaborately ornate
One of the five classical orders of architecture, characterized
by fluted columns and capitals with scroll- like ornaments
One of the five classical orders of architecture, typically
characterized by a flute column having as a capital convex
circular molding supporting a square slab
It is an art process where an image is createdusing an
assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stones, or other
materials. This technique use for decorative art or interior

Stained glass

decorations.
Windows were created to transform the vast stone interiors
with warm and glowing color and at the same time to instruct
Christians in their faith.