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R = 100, RE = 1.5K,
RS= RL = 4.7K
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Increase the
frequency till you get the same value. It is f 2. Repeat the same till
you get low frequency f1.
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You cannot find the Gain without Feedback in this case. But you can vary
the amount of feedback by changing RF. Ri& R o cannot be determined.
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Voltage Shunt
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The difference between the triangular and sawtooth waveform is that the rise time of the
triangular wave is always equal to its fall time while in sawtooth wave generator, rise time may
be much higher than its fall time, or vice versa. The triangular wave generator can be
converted into a sawtooth wave generator by injecting a variable dc voltage into the non-inverting
terminal of the integrator. This can be done by using a potentiometer as shown in figure. When the
wiper of the potentiometer is at the Centre, the output will be a triangular wave since the duty cycle
is 50 %. If the wiper moves towards -V, the rise time of the sawtooth becomes longer than the fall
time. If the wiper moves towards +V, the fall time becomes more than the rise time.
R1
R3=1K
Procedure:
1. Vary C & find out the frequency.
2. V o1 is Square wave & Vo2 is Sawtooth/Triangular Wave.
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provide all the active functions for a stepdown (buck) switching regulator,
capable of driving a 1A load with excellent line and load regulation. These
devices are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V, and an
adjustable output version. Requiring a minimum number of external
components, these regulators are simple to use and include internal
frequency compensation and a fixed-frequency oscillator.
The LM2575 series offers a high-efficiency replacement for popular threeterminal linear regulators. It substantially reduces the size of the heat sink,
and in many cases no heat sink is required. A standard series of inductors
optimized for use with the LM2575 are available from several different
manufacturers. This feature greatly simplifies the design of switch-mode
power supplies.
Other features include a guaranteed 4% tolerance on output voltage
within specified input voltages and output load conditions, and 10% on
the oscillator frequency. External shutdown is included, featuring 50 A
(typical) standby current. The output switch includes cycle-by-cycle
current limiting, as well as thermal shutdown for full protection under
fault conditions.
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Operation
The LM2577 turns its output switch on and off at a frequency of 52 kHz,
and this creates energy in the inductor (L). When the NPN switch turns on,
the inductor current charges up at a rate of VIN/L, storing current in the
inductor. When the switch turns off, the lower end of the inductor flies
above VIN, discharging its current through diode (D) into the output
capacitor (COUT) at a rate of (VOUT VIN)/L. Thus, energy stored in the
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inductor during the switch on time is transferred to the output during the
switch off time. The output voltage is controlled by the amount of energy
transferred which, in turn, is controlled by modulating the peak inductor
current. This is done by feeding back a portion of the output voltage to the
error amp, which amplifies the difference between the feedback voltage
and a 1.230V reference. The error amp output voltage is compared to a
voltage proportional to the switch current (i.e., inductor current during the
switch on time). The comparator terminates the switch on time when the
two voltages are equal, thereby controlling the peak switch current to
maintain a constant output voltage.
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