FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGES

SEMESTER : MAY 2013

OUMH 2203
ENGLISH FOR WORKPLACE COMMUNICATION
TASK TITLE :
ANALYSIS REPORT ON THE IMPACTS OF MOBILE PHONE USE AND
RECOMMENDATIONS OF IMPROVEMENTS.

PREPARED BY :

NAME

ID NUMBER

MOHD NOOR ASZLAN BIN MESNAN

SUBMISSION DATE : _________________________

PHONE NUMBER

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 Introduction

2.0 Methodology

3.0 Findings

3.1 Problem statements

3.2 Data review

3.2.1 Advantages of mobile phone

3.2.2 Disadvantages of mobile phone

3.3 Data analysis

11

4.0 Conclusions

13

5.0 Recommendations

13

6.0 References

15

National Institute of Occupational and Health Malaysia

Lot 1,
Tel : 603 8769 2100
Jalan 15/1, Section 15,
Fax : 603 8926 2900
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi,
http://www.niosh.com.my
Selangor Darul Ehsan.

To

:Ir. Mr. Rosli Bin Hussin

Executive Director
National Institute of Occupational and Health Malaysia
Lot 1,
Jalan 15/1, Section 15,
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan.

From :Mr. Mohd Noor Aszlan Bin Mesnan

Manager
National Institute of Occupational and Health Malaysia
Lot 1,
Jalan 15/1, Section 15,
43650 Bandar Baru Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Date

: 27 May 2013

Dear Ir. Mr. Rosli Bin Hussin,

Analysis Report on The Impacts of Mobile Phones Use and Recommendations of
Improvements.
In response to the numerous discussions and issues about the impacts of mobile phone use,
my team and I had done a few investigations and even researches to see how far the use of mobile
phone can affect the way we live, communicate and even do business.
3

The aims of the investigations are to :

a. Investigates the current situations and issues about the impacts of mobile phone use.
b. Study and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phone use in daily life.
c. Come out with suggestions and recommendations on solving the mobile phone related
issues.
1.0

INTRODUCTION
Cell phone usage can be defined as any application of the cell phone as a tool, including

talking, text messaging, game playing or the sheer accessibility of the instrument. Originally the cell
phone served as a tool for business management. Now, cell phones serve as a tool for social
connection, in other words, managing social relationships. Across qualitative and quantitative
studies, users of the cell phone all report using their phone for social purposes. However, scholars
have argued the cell phone might actually serve as a tool for social isolation (Bugeja, 2005). On the
other hand, the cell phone has been argued to function as a social connection device, especially
among teens. Therefore, the social use of cell phones has proven to be a rich area for
communication research, with researchers exploring various ways in which cell phone use affects
social interaction, both isolating and connecting involved persons (Omotayo B. et al., 2008) .
Cell phones or mobile phones have become increasingly popular in recent years. While
people of various ages find cell phones convenient and useful, younger generations tend to
appreciate them more and be more dependent on them. Based on a survey conducted in a mid-size,
Midwestern university, college students cell phone use was examined. The survey consisted of 44
questions that dealt with various aspects of cell phone use; such as cell phone ownerships, time
spent for cell phone calls, monthly cell phone bills, communication networks, text messaging and
cell phone dependency. The survey results indicated that, of the 501 responses; 99% owned cell
phones and nearly 90% of them have had cell phones for more than three years (Mikiyasu H. &
Shotaro H.,2011).
The increased popularity of cell phones in recent years has attracted research attention.
Some of the common cell phone related research topics include cell phone use while driving (Caird
et al, 2008; Horrey & Wickens, 2006; McCartt et al, 2006), cell phone etiquette (Lipscomb et al,
2007), cell phone cultures and behaviors (Campbell & Park, 2008; Bakke, 2010; Ling, 2004), text
messaging (Pettigrew, 2009), health risks from cell phone radiation (Anna et al, 2006), and cell
4

phone dependency or addiction (Billieux et al, 2007; Ezoe et al., 2009; Zulkefly & Baharudin,
2009).
2.0

METHODOLOGY
In this report, our team used descriptive research that include fact-findings inquiries

of different kind. The methods of research utilized in this report is comparative method. The
methodology of this research started with problem statement that was the impacts of mobile phone
use and how far it affect our daily life. Then, the data review was basically used the method of
library research by analyzing specified documents. The data were basically regarding the
advantages and disadvantages of mobile phone use. Next, the data was analyzed by using
comparative methods. The advantages of the mobile phone use was against the disadvantages of the
mobile phone use. The final step was reflections, conclusions and even recommendations of
improvements to the problem statements. Figure 1 shows the methodology used in this report.

Problem
statements.

Data review

Data analysis.

Conclusion and
recommendations.

Figure 1: Report methodology on the impacts of mobile phone use.

3.0

FINDINGS
3.1

PROBLEM STATEMENTS

As mention before, the problem statements was the impacts of mobile phone use and how
far it affect our daily life. During recent years, the use of mobile phones has increased substantially
and has been paralleled by a growing concern about the effects on health attributed to exposure to
the electromagnetic fields produced by them and their base stations. Demonstrating that radiation
causes adverse effects on health would signal a widespread public health problem. Mobile phones
have been in extensive use for a relatively short period of time and their technology has
progressively changed from analogue to digital systems. Exposure to such a radiation could affect
health directly. The use of mobile phones also results in indirect effects such as car accidents and
interference with health equipment (World Health Organization, 2006).
5

3.2

DATA REVIEW

The cell phone or mobile phone is one of the most rapidly growing new technologies in the
world. In 2001, cell phone subscriptions were less than a billion worldwide with the majority of the
subscriptions from the developed countries. At the end of 2010, cell phone subscriptions had
reached five billion worldwide with subscriptions from developing countries outnumbering that of
the developed countries (Kelly, 2009; Rebello, 2010). However, mobile phone still have its own
advantages and disadvantages that need to be explore.
3.2.1 Advantages of mobile phone
Until the 1800s people used letters for communication. But this way was very slow
and people couldnt contact each other in emergency situations. There was also the
possibility of letters being lost. But after the invention of the telephone in 1876 by
Alexander Graham Bell, it became easier for people to communicate. Then in the 1970s, the
cellular phone was invented. It brought many advantages into our lives. However, although
cell phones brought many benefits into our lives, they also have disadvantages.
The most important advantage of cell phones is that they can be used almost
everywhere without cables or electricity. By using a mobile phone, you can communicate
with anyone whenever you want and wherever you are. With the development of mobile
phones, individuals are able to remain in close and instantaneous contact with members of
their social network regardless of where they are in the world (Alexia Corbett, 2009).
Besides this, if there is an emergency situation, mobile phones can be useful. Keeping cell
phones in your car while traveling is one of the topmost personal safety tips. In case of any
accidents or unexpected events, you can inform someone, who can rush to your rescue.
Similarly, cell phones can be helpful to old and disabled people. Although, lifts in offices
and residential buildings come with phone extension and alarm buttons, cell phones are
anytime better to call for help, in case of elevator failure. Furthermore, by using mobile
phones especially 'smart phones', we can easily get access to the Internet that is the source of
information nowadays. These days, the worlds most common means of communication is
SMS. Cell phones include this system, so in this way we can communicate with someone
more cheaply than by normal calling.
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Nowadays, cell phone manufacturers cater to the needs of every mobile user, with
the upgradable of latest features and technology. There are so many applications and
features in mobile phones that people hardly have time to learn all of them. In terms of
social networking, there are applications such as 'yahoomail', 'facebook', 'twitter' and et
cetera. According to John Wargo et al. (2012), numerous phones are designed specifically
for young children, some with applications for preschool children. Pocket Zoo streams live
video of animals at zoos around the world, 'flash cards' coach children to read and spell, a
Wheels on the Bus application sings in multiple languages, and 'iGo Potty' reminds
toddlers when to use the bathroom. All this applications are tend to educate toddlers or
children in the early years of growing up.
The information used for personal health care today largely comes from self-report
surveys and infrequent doctor consultations. Mobile phones, especially smart phones have
the potential to collect in situ continuous sensor data that can dramatically change the way
health and wellness are assessed as well as how care and treatment are delivered. According
to Nicholas D.L. et al. (2010), in his journal of AD Hoc and Sensor Networks, a joint project
between Intel and the University of Washington, captures levels of physical activity and
relates this information to personal health goals when presenting feedback to the user. These
types of systems have proven to be effective in empowering people to curb poor behavior
patterns and improve health such as encouraging more exercise. In other words, certain
applications in mobile phones can help someone to monitor and improve health.
Another advantage of mobile phone is it helps individual who have low self esteem
to frequently use their cell phone to try and establish social networks and build relationships
without having all of the pressures of a face-to-face encounter with an individual, as well as
to try and reach out to other individuals. Research shows that individuals who have low selfesteem seek out more frequent use of the cell phone to seek to establish new relationships
and try and gain an element of control in their social relationships. This makes it easier for
individuals with lower self-esteem to form and maintain social relationships.
Mobile phones have changed the way politician conducted their campaign. The use
of mobile phones in electoral campaign and seeking public opinion have become more
easier, faster and effective. According to Elizabeth Keating. (2006), in China, the National
Democratic Party has given mobile phones to party members with free service on elections
days. In other ways, the use of mobile phone can helps the politician to save more on the
cost of the campaigns and gaining more popularity in a more faster and easier way. Thus,
7

mobile phone use can also affect the economic growth in certain countries. The use of
mobile phone can make businesses grow faster where business deals can be more
easier, faster and effective too.
3.2.1 Disadvantages of mobile phone
Many people develop dependency to new technological devices as they become
increasingly integrated into their daily lives. For example, some view that excessive Internet
use along with pathological gambling, should be included as behavioral addiction.
Similarly, excessive use and dependency on the cell phone may be considered an
addictive disorder too. According to Ezoe and colleagues (2009), found that extraversion,
neuroticism and unhealthy lifestyle were associated with cell phone dependency among
female Japanese nursing students. Bianchi and Phillips (2005) also found that high
extraversion was associated with the problematic cell phone use but they failed to identify
neuroticism. Other contributing factors to problematic cell phone use include a number of
social calls made, a number of functional features on the handset and the duration of cell
phone use (Zulkerfly & Baharundin, 2009). In addition, earlier adoption of cell phone use
was correlated with a greater number of cell phone interaction partners, a greater number of
average monthly incoming and outgoing calls and text messages, higher monthly phone
bills, and higher emotional attachment to cell phones (Geser, 2006).
Meyerowitz (1985) suggested that cell phone users tend to be less aware of their
surroundings. This may lead to reduced attention to and awareness of certain features in the
local social interaction. Oulasvirta (2005) calls this phenomenon as fragmentation of
attention in mobile interaction. Cell phone users might also less aware about the importance
of their physical activities and lead to less aware about their health.
Another disadvantage of mobile phone use is regarding the use of Short Message
Service (SMS). Short Message Service (SMS) was first developed in 1990 in an effort to
allow operators to notify customers when there was some type of a service issue or a
network problem. With the popularity of SMS messaging, individuals are using it more and
more and in an effort to send more text messages, a new language is being created that is
making experts worried that grammar will overlooked. Individuals who are regular texters
have created new acronyms for various words to get their point or idea across faster than if
they were to type out the entire message. For example; LOL is the same as saying 'Laughing
8

Out Loud', OMG is equivalent to 'Oh My Gosh', and finally TQ, which refers to 'Thank You'.
The use of mobile phones also can create new type of criminal behaviors. According
to Elizabeth Keating. (2006), criminal behaviors include short message spam, fraud, identity
theft, phone theft, telephone bombs (Indonesia), used markets abuses (Asia), illegally
trafficked communication gateways (Egypt), new black markets in phone lines (Lebanon),
new ways to transmit pornography (all cultures), culturally inappropriate sexual content on
cell phones (Korea, Indonesia, France), gambling by text message (Indonesia), and use of
cell phones in prison breakouts and problems at penitentiaries (France).
According to John Wargo et al. (2012), all cell phones emit a type of radiation called
an electromagnetic field (EMF); composed of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving
together through space. Radio waves and microwaves emitted by transmitting antennas area
form of electromagnetic energy collectively referred to as radio frequency (RF) energy or
radiation. RF energy is used in telecommunications services, including radio and television
broadcasting, mobile communication, GPS devices, radio communications for police and
satellite communications. Non-communication sources of RF energy include microwave
ovens, radar, and industrial uses. The complete electromagnetic spectrum consists of both
ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation has high-frequency waves that can
damage the structure of cells in the body including DNA and has well-documented effects
on human health. Ionizing radiation is emitted by radon, uranium and other naturally
occurring radioactive elements and is used for X-rays, nuclear medicine, and CT scans.
Decades of research demonstrate that even low doses of ionizing radiation can increase the
risk of cancer. Cancers that can result from exposure to ionizing radiation, sometimes
decades after exposure, include cancers of the lung, skin, thyroid, brain, breast, and stomach.
While cell phones are not associated with ionizing radiation, their long-term risks are
unknown. According to John Wargo et al. (2012), Russian and Eastern European scientists
issued the earliest reports that low-level exposure to RF radiation could cause a wide range
of health effects, including behavioral changes, effects on the immunological system,
reproductive effects, changes in hormone levels, headaches, irritability, fatigue, and
cardiovascular effects.
According to John Wargo et al. (2012), the effects of exposure to RF-EMFs from cell
phones on the human nervous system have been the subject of a large number of studies in
recent years. Examples of effects in humans include impaired cognitive performance after
exposure to a pulsed electromagnetic field and slower response times to spatial working
9

memory tasks when exposed to RF from a standard GSM cellular phone placed next to the
head of male subjects.
Several research studies have examined the effects of RF-EMF on the male
reproductive system. The potential effects of RF-EMF from cell phones on fertility were
investigated in a 2005 epidemiological study, which found correlations between cell phone
use and changes in semen quality. Agarwal et al (2008), found that cell phone use decreased
semen quality in 361 men by reducing sperm count, motility, viability, and normal
morphology; and that the decrease in sperm parameters was dependent on the duration of
daily exposure to cell phones and independent of the initial semen quality.
Researchers have studied the potential of RF-EMFs to cause changes in a cells
genetic material (DNA) or to damage the genome. 'Genotoxic' substances can potentially
cause genetic mutations or cellular damage that can contribute to the development of
cancerous tumors. Numerous studies in laboratory animals have demonstrated that mobile
phones or simulated RF radiation exposures can damage cells.
Driving while talking, texting or using the Internet distracts drivers and increases the
risk of accidents. Teens are the population group at greatest risk from mobile phone use
while driving. Nearly 9 in 10 teenage drivers admit to engaging in distracted driving
behaviors such as texting or talking on a cell phone. In 2009, 20 percents of all injury
crashes were caused by distracted driving. About one in five of those deaths involved reports
of a mobile phone. Physically dialing a phone while driving can increase the risk of a crash
as much as six times and texting increases this risk by 23 times (John Wargo et al.,2012).
In the United States of America, many school districts restrict cell phones in schools,
primarily because they can be disruptive to the educational environment. Some school
districts have banned cell phone in schools due to concerns that the phones exacerbate drug
and gang problems. As cell phones have increased in popularity, parents have increasingly
lobbied school boards to allow cell phones, based on the argument that phones will make
students and schools safer. This kind of scenario had just happened to spread in our country,
Malaysia where parents wanted the Ministry Of Education of Malaysia to allow the use of
mobile phones in the school. However, according to Datuk Dr. Ahmad Sipon; the use of
mobile phone is only allow before the school's session, during recess hour and after the
school's session (Mustafa K.B., 2006).

10

3.3

DATA ANALYSIS
From the data review regarding the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phone

use, it seems that the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phone use is equal from one to
another. Despite the invention of the latest technology, still hidden the negative effects to the
life of individuals or communities. Figure 2.0 shows the comparison between the advantages
and disadvantages of mobile phone use, retrieved from the library research by analyzing
specified documents such as educational books and journals.
NO.
1.

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Mobile phone can be used almost

Mobile phone develop high dependency to

everywhere without cables or electricity.

new technological devices or in other

words :
a. behavioral addiction,
b. addictive disorder,
c. higher emotional attachment to cell
phones.

2.

Cell phones include SMS system that is

Higher monthly phone bills.

more cheaper normal calling.

3.

4.
5.

Individuals can easily get access to the

Human will be less aware about the

Internet, that is the main source of

importance of their physical activities and

information nowadays.

lead to less aware about their health too.

In case of emergency situation, mobile

Human will be less aware of their

phones can be useful.

surroundings.

Helps individuals to remain in close and

New languages and acronyms are being

instantaneous contact with members of their created that is making experts worried that
social network regardless of where they are

grammar will overlooked.

in the world.
6.

Empowering people to curb poor behavior

patterns and improve health such as
encouraging more exercise.

Increased in car accidents.

12
7.

There are so many useful applications and

Create new type of criminal behaviors such

features in the mobile phones such as for :

as :

a. social networking - 'yahoomail',

a. short message spam,

'facebook', ' instagram' and 'twitter'.,

b. fraud,

b. educational - 'Pocket Zoo', 'flash cards'

c. identity theft,

coach children to read and spell, a Wheels

d. phone theft,

on the Bus application sings in multiple

e. telephone bombs (Indonesia),

languages and 'iGo Potty' reminds toddlers

f. used markets abuses (Asia),

when to use the bathroom.

g. illegally trafficked communication

c. information 'weather info', 'solat info'

gateways (Egypt),

and et cetera.

h. new black markets in phone lines

(Lebanon),
i. new ways to transmit pornography (all
cultures),
j. culturally inappropriate sexual content on
cell phones (Korea, Indonesia, France),
k. gambling by text message (Indonesia),
l. use of cell phones in prison breakouts and
problems at penitentiaries (France).

8.

Helps individual who have low self esteem

Possible health risk in long term :

to frequently use their cell phone to try and

a. cancer,

establish social networks and build

b. behavioral changes,

relationships without having all of the

c. effects on the immunological system,

pressures of a face-to-face encounter with an d. reproductive effects on male,

individual, as well as to try and reach out to

e. changes in hormone levels,

other individuals.

f. headaches,
g. irritability,
h. fatigue,
i. cardiovascular effects,
j. brain tumor,
k. effect on human nervous system,
l. impaired cognitive performance,

m. genotoxic.
13
9.

Helps the politician to save more on the cost Disruptive to the educational environment
of the campaigns and gaining more

especially in school.

popularity in a more faster and easier way.

10.

Make businesses grow faster where business

deals can be more easier, faster and effective.
Figure 2.0 : Comparison between the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phone use.

4.0

CONCLUSIONS
Our society today is one that is based on technology and technological advances.

Technology as a whole will always have an effect on the way that individuals function in society
and while there has not been a lot of research on the effects of mobile phone use, it still has both
positive and negative consequences. Mobile phones in their small time in existence have changed
the way in which individuals are interacting with each other. Mobile phones have provided avenues
for individuals to stay connected on a new level that does not depend on space or time, but is readily
accessible at any time and anywhere. Mobile phones have also allowed individuals all over the
world to have access to all of the networks, assets and information. While it has provided a new
avenue to social networking and interactions; the change in the space and time concept has also had
a negative affect as well. Cell phones have changed the way that individuals socially interact.
Individuals are communicating more via text messages and cell phones than they are face-to-face.
This situation changing our social environment completely where individuals have become
enveloped in their cell phones and less aware of their social surroundings. There is still a lot of
future research still needs to be done on the long-term affects of the mobile phone and early
interventions that can be done to overcome the issues regarding the mobile phones.
5.0

RECOMMENDATIONS
As a Manager of the National Institute of Occupational and Health of Malaysia, our team

feels that a few early interventions need to be consider in order to overcome the issues caused by
the mobile phone use. So, we would like to recommend the following interventions :
a. Conduct frequent health risk awareness programmes or campaigns regarding the mobile phone

use in school, working places and even for public.

14
b. Legislate on mobile phone use especially while driving and in school environment.
c. As for mobile phone user, give priority on text messaging, accessing the Internet and using the
'hand-free' device rather than holding the phone against the head in order to have lower exposure to
RF energy (John Wargo et al., 2012).
d. Conduct language use awareness of the mobile phone to overcome the problem of language and
grammar abuse.
e. As for parents, do control the usage of mobile phone among their children especially in the early
age to avoid the problem of high dependency to the mobile phone and antisocial problematic.
f. Government should enforce the laws of the mobile phone abuse especially when it comes to the
criminal behaviors involving the mobile phones.
g. Conduct or held a 'day without mobile phone' activity or programme to increase awareness about
our surroundings, health, physical activities and even face to face interactions.
Prepared by :

--------------------------------------------------------(MR. MOHD NOOR ASZLAN BIN MESNAN)

Manager,
National Institute of Occupational and Health of Malaysia.

15
6.0

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