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ON L1 L2 L3
Trip I2
Id1
5
0
0
0
7,5%
5
10
20
RESET
1L1
2L1
1L2
2L2
1L3
2L3
IRD1-G
Contents
1.
Introduction
2.
Application
3.
Characteristics
4.
Design
4.1
4.1.1
4.1.2
4.2
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
5.
5.2
5.3
6.1
6.2
6.2.1
6.2.2
6.3
6.3.1
6.3.2
7.
9.
Technical Data
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
10.
Measuring input
Auxiliary voltage
General data
Output relays
System data
Accuracy details
Tripping characteristics
Dimensional drawings
Order Form
Relay case
7.1
7.2
7.3
8.3.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
Working Principle
5.1
6.
Connections
Current measuring inputs
Output relay
Front plate
LEDs
DIP-switches
RESET push button
8.
Individual housing
Rack mounting
Terminal connections
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
1.
Introduction
2.
Application
Some IR protection relays are based on microprocessor and some on analog technology. They present our
low-priced protection relay generation and are used
for all basic protection application.
The following properties of the IR protection relays,
such as:
Integration of multiple protection functions into one
compact housing,
User-friendly setting procedure by means of
DIP-switches,
Compact design due to SMD-technique,
are their superiority over the traditional protection
systems.
For all applications of a more complex nature, e.g. directional earth fault detection and where operating
convenience, fault analysis and communication ability
are required, MR-relays are used.
All relays of the HIGH TECH LINE are available for
through panel mounting and in 19 racks.
Connection terminals are of plug-in type.
All IEC/DIN regulations required for the individual
application are reliably met by these relays.
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
Types of faults occuring within the protected zone requiring immediate tripping and isolation of the generator/motor are:
faults between stator windings
stator earth faults
ground faults and faults between phases outside the
generator but within the protected zone, e.g. at the
generator terminals or on the external connections.
An extremely important feature of any generator differential protection is that it should remain absolutely stable (i.e. no tripping command) for faults or any other
transient phenomena outside the protected zone.
For the protection of generators or motors relay type
IRD1-G is available at a very competitive price. The
basic version of this relay absolutely meets the requirements of generator differential protection outlined
above.
The basic version of the relay can be extended even
later by the addition of extra cards. By using a new
method of evaluating current signals, the relay can determine whether C.T. saturation is due to internal or external faults and either trip or stabilize accordingly.
Thus this extended relay (type IRD1-G SAT) is particularily appropriate for the protection of high value generators or protecting generators located at a point in
the power system where the fault level can be high.
3.
Characteristics
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
4.
Design
4.1
Connections
D1, C1, E1
D2, C2, E2
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
4.2
4.2.1 LEDs
Front plate
There are 6 LEDs on the front plate of the IRD1-G indicating the following operating states:
ON L1 L2 L3
Trip I2
Id1
5
0
0
0
7,5%
5
10
20
4.2.2 DIP-switches
RESET
1L1
2L1
1L2
2L2
1L3
2L3
The push button <RESET> is normally used to acknowledge and reset the TRIP LED (E-relay type). For
SP-relay type the push button <RESET> is used to acknowledge and reset the TRIP LED and the trip relay after a tripping.
IRD1-G
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
5.
Working Principle
5.1
5.2
The fundamental operating principle of generator differential protection is based on a comparison of the
current to the star point with the current to the busbar.
For an ideal generator the currents entering and leaving the generator must be equal. Or according to
Kirchhoff's first law "the vector sum of currents entering
and leaving any point must be zero". If the sum Id of
currents is not zero, an internal fault is indicated.
The basic equipment of relay IRD1-G recognizes these
differential currents Id and the relay gives the tripping
command according to the precision measuring characteristic (see 9.7 Tripping characteristics).
To explain the function at IRD1-G the working principle is shown in figure 5.1.
Id = differential (tripping) current
IS = stabilizing current
Protected Zone
Iin
Iout
Generator
I1
I2
Differential relay
With many differential protection systems, relay instability may occur on heavy through faults if the main
current transformers saturate. In the transient condition
of saturation the C.T.s on both ends of the protected
zones do not produce the correct secondary current
according to the primary current. The differential relay
mea-sures a differential current on the secondary C.T.
side which is not present on the primary side. Hence a
false tripping might occure.
Such transient phenomenons causing C.T. saturation
may occur due to:
Heavy through faults (external short circuit)
Starting of big motors
Magnetizing inrush currents of transformers
Internal faults
The figure 5.2 explains the saturation of the C.T. core
due to a short circuit current. In the instant of a short
circuit often a DC-component is present in the current.
The high primary current induces a flux in the C.T.
core, reaching the saturation level. The iron-core retains the high flux level even after the primary current
falls to zero. In the time periods of saturation the C.T.
does not transform the primary current to the secondary
side but the secondary current equals zero.
Current
comparision
Id
Biasing circuit
Is
Us
Ud
Tripping
characteristic
Trip
Fig. 5.2:
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
Current
Ipr
Bsat
Isec
transformer saturation
Primary current with DC offset
Saturation flux density
Secondary current
Fig. 5.3b shows the two secondary currents in the instant of an heavy external fault, with current i1 supposed to C.T. saturation, current i2 without C.T. saturation.
The differential current id represents the measured differential current, which is an operating current. As this
differential current is caused by an external fault and
dissimilar saturation of the two C.T.s, the differential relay should not trip.
Current comparison with C.T.s saturated by DC offset in fault current wave form
5.3a
Internal fault,
i1 = secondary output current from saturated C.T. (theoretical)
Single end fed: i2 = 0. Internal fault fed from side 1 only.
id = measured differential current
5.3b
External fault:
i1 as in fig. 5.3a for an internal fault
i2 normal current from C.T. secondary on side 2
id = measured differential current
The wave forms for the differential current Id for internal and external faults are seen to be different for the cases
considered.
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
5.3
Block diagram
10
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
6.
For each phase the relay calculates the differential current Id and the stabilizing current IS. The differential current Id is the vector difference between star point and
outgoing currents. The value of differential current at
which the relay responds is dependent on the stabilizing current, as shown in fig. 5 Tripping characteristic.
IN is relay rated current (1 A or 5 A) and the two quantities Id/IN and IS/IN are scaled in multiples of rated current.
The basic version of the relay is equipped with the
fine tripping characteristic only. The differential current Id is adjustable from 5 % to 42.5 % of rated current. With the extended version the tripping characteristic can be automatically switched from the selected
fine to the fixed "coarse" characteristic.
The biased slope characteristic (right and upper part of
the characteristic) prevents incorrect operation of the
relay at through faults. The lower section of the characteristic shows the minimum differential current required
to operate the relay with zero or low levels of stabilizing current.
Bias characteristic setting (fixed)
(related to stabilizing current IS)
6.1
6.2
Id2 % = Id/IS = 10 %
Differential current settings
(related to relay rated current IN)
Id1 % = Id/IN = 5 % ...42.5 %
TRIPPING
Id/IN
10%
100
10-1
Id2 % = Id/IS = 60 %
Differential setting (related to IN):
NO TRIPPING
10-2
10-1
100
IS/IN
101
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
11
Id1
7,5
5,0
10
20
5
0
0
0
Id1 = 5 + 5 + 10 = 20% In
6.2.2
Indication of faults
6.3
Reset
12
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
7.
Relay case
7.1
By using 2.8 x 0.8 mm tabs a bridge connection between different poles is possible.
The current terminals are equipped with self-closing
short-circuit contacts. Thus, the IRD1-G module can be
unplugged even with current flowing, without endangering the current transformers connected.
The following figure shows the terminal block of IRD1-G
Individual housing
A
B
C
E
1
2
3
4
The front panel of the IRD1-G is covered with a transparent, seelable flap (IP54).
5
6
7.2
Rack mounting
7
8
9
7.3
Terminal connections
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
13
8.
When testing the pickup value, the alternating test current must first be lower than the set pickup value for Id1.
Then the current will be increased until the relay picks
up. The value that can be read from the Ammeter may
not deviate by more than 2% of Id1
The tripping values Id1 for the other current inputs
should be checked accordingly.
IRD1-T2
8.1
A3
L1.1
A4
L1.2
A5
L2.1
A6
L2.2
A7
L3.1
A8
L3.2
I1
Note!
Prior to switch on the auxiliary power supply, be sure
that the auxiliary supply voltage corresponds with the
rated data on the type plate.
Stromquelle
current source
I2
I3
When the auxiliary power supply is switched on (terminals C9/E9) please observe that the LED "ON" is
alight.
Fig. 8.1: Trip level test circuit
8.2
8.3
The timer has to be started simultaneously with connection of the test current and must be stopped when the
relay trips.
14
8.4
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
8.5
1.1V
U
~
1L1
2L1
0,55V 0,55V
U
~
1L2
U
~
1L3
2L2
2L3
measurement 2
measurement 1
a)
b)
c)
d)
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
Measuring
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
(1L1
(2L1
(1L1
(1L1
(2L1
(1L1
(1L1
(2L1
(1L1
(1L1
(2L1
(1L1
0)
0)
2L1)
0)
0)
2L1)
0)
0)
2L1)
0)
0)
2L1)
550 mV
550 mV
1100 mV
550 mV
550 mV
0 mV
550 mV
550 mV
550 mV
550 mV
550 mV
960 mV
Correct connection
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
15
8.6
Maintenance
Maintenance testing is generally done on site at regular intervals. These intervals vary among users depending on many factors: e.g. the type of protective relays
employed; the importance of the primary equipment
being protected; the users past experience with the relay, etc.
For static relays like IRD1-G, maintenance testing will
be performed at least once a year according to the
experiences.
8.7
Function test
16
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
9.
Technical Data
9.1
Measuring input
Rated data:
Rated current
Rated frequency fN:
at IN = 1 A
at IN = 5 A
9.2
Power consumption:
250 x In
100 x In
30 x In
4 x In
24 V
110 V
at 24 V
at 110 V
working range
16 - 60 V AC / 16 - 80 V DC
working range
50 - 270 V AC / 70 - 360 V DC
quiescent approx. 3 W
operating approx. 6 W
quiescent approx. 3 W
operating approx. 6 W
General data
Returning time:
Dropout to pickup ratio:
Returning time:
Minimum operating time:
9.4
< 0.1 VA
< 0.5 VA
Auxiliary voltage
9.3
1A/5A
50 / 60 Hz
50 ms
> 97%
100 ms 10ms
30 ms
Output relays
For DC-voltage:
300 V DC
250 V DC
110 V DC
60 V DC
24 V DC
Max. rated making current:
Mechanical life span:
Electrical life span:
Contact material:
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
ohmic
0.3 A
0.4 A
0.5 A
0.7 A
6.0 A
/
/
/
/
/
90 W
100 W
55 W
42 W
144 W
L/R = 40 ms
0.2 A / 63 W
0.3 A / 70 W
0.4 A / 40 W
0.5 A / 30 W
4.2 A / 100 W
L/R = 70 ms
0.18 A / 54
0.15 A / 40
0.20 A / 22
0.30 A / 17
2.50 A / 60
W
W
W
W
W
17
9.5
System data
Design standard:
Generic standard:
Product standard:
EN 50082-2, EN 50081-1
EN 60255-6, IEC 255-4, BS 142
- 40C to + 85C
- 20C to + 70C
2.5 kV / 1MHz
4 kV / 2.5 kHz, 15 ms
9.6
Accuracy details
Idtrip Idset
f=
fr IS IN:
f=
where
IS
IN
Idtrip
Idset
Note:
IN
Idtrip Idset
IS
=
=
=
=
100%
100%
stabilizing current
rated current
measured differential current which results in tripping
differential current setting
f2%
f2%
If the operating temperature or frequency are outside the
ranges quote, additional errors are:
Additional fault:
temperature range
- 20C...70C
frequency range
45 Hz...66 Hz:
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
19
9.7
Tripping characteristics
60%
Id/IN
10%
100
10-1
Setting Id1 = 5%
10-2
10-1
100
IS/IN
101
t [ms]
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
5
Id/IN
20
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
9.8
Dimensional drawings
Please observe:
A distance of 50 mm is necessary when the units are mounted one below the other for the housing bonnet to be
easily opened. The front cover can be opened downwards.
10.
Order form
Generator-differential relay
Rated current
IRD1-G
1A
5A
Tripping type
relay without latching
latching relay with hand reset
Extra equipment for reliable functioning during CT saturation
Auxiliary voltage
Housing (12TE)
E
SP
SAT
19 rack
Flush mounting
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E
21
Project:
SEG job.-no.:
Function group: =
Location: +
Relay code: -
Relay functions:
Setting of parameters
Parameter
Id1
22
Differential current
Unit
Default
settings
% In
Actual
settings
TB IRD1-G 02.97 E