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Enterprise DB Architecture
Readings
Required Readings
Oracle Database Concepts (Concepts)
Chapter 1 Introduction to Oracle database
Chapter 14 Memory Architecture
Chapter 15Process Architecture
Further Readings
Oracle Database Concepts
Chapter 6 Data Dictionary and Dynamic Performance Views
DB
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNC
7 PT/dist_pro.htm#CNCPT702
Control files:
contain entries that specify the physical structure of the database
Parameter file:
contains a list of configuration parameters for an instance and the database
Backup files:
contain backup copies of database files
Further details of the Oracle Physical Database Structures can be found in Oracle Documentation.
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Oracle Instance
An Oracle instance is the part of an Oracle database executing
in memory when an Oracle database is running (after start up)
An Oracle instance consists of memory structures called the
System Global Area (SGA) and the Background Processes
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Oracle Instance
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http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNC
PT/memory.htm#CNCPT7778
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The two major memory structures associated with an Oracle instance are:
System Global Area (SGA)
private to each Oracle instance, allocated when the Oracle instance is started, deallocated when the Oracle instance is shut down.
shared by multiple server and background processes of the same Oracle instance
contains shared program code, cached data, information about connected sessions,
database server parameters
stores data in memory to minimize disk I/O
SGA_MAX_SIZE in the initialization parameter file determines the maximum size of the
SGA
SGA_TARGET: a dynamic parameter that Oracle uses to determine the total size of the
SGA components.
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Shared Pool
contains shared SQL areas
each SQL statement has its own shared SQL area
stores parse tree and execution plan
shared by multiple applications that issue the same statement
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Server Process
handles the request on behalf of the user process(s)
parse and run SQL statements
read data from disk into shared database buffer in SGA
has a process specific memory area called the Program Global Area
(PGA)
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http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNC
PT/dist_pro.htm#CNCPT006
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Oracle Instance:
Background
Processes
(Diagram)
http://docs.oracle.com
/database/121/CNCP
T/process.htm#CNCP
T1245
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At commit
When redo log buffer one-third full
Every 3 seconds
Before DBWn writes
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Administration Tools:
Oracle Universal Installer (OUI): tool for installing, upgrading, or removing software
components
Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA): a graphical user interface tool that interacts
with the OUI, or can be used independently, to create, delete or modify a database
Database Upgrade Assistant: utility for upgrading an existing database to a new oracle
release
Oracle Net Manager: tool for configuring and managing Oracle database networks
Oracle Enterprise Manager: a graphical interface used to administer, monitor, and tune
one or more databases
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NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
System reads
the parameter
file, Instance
started
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NOMOUNT
Control file
opened for this
instance
SHUTDOWN
SHUTDOWN
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NOMOUNT
SHUTDOWN
Control file
opened for this
instance
System reads
the parameter
file, Instance
started
SHUTDOWN
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No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
Yes Yes
Yes
Shutdown mode:
A
I
T
N
=
=
=
=
ABORT
IMMEDIATE
TRANSACTIONAL
NORMAL
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On the way
down:
Database buffer
cache is written to
the data files
Uncommitted
changes rolled
back
Resources are
released
SHUTDOWN
NORMAL
or
SHUTDOWN
TRANSACTIONAL
or
SHUTDOWN
IMMEDIATE
On the way
up:
No instance
recovery
Consistent database
(clean database)
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During
SHUTDOWN ABORT
or
Instance Failure
or
STARTUP FORCE
Inconsistent database
(dirty database)
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Revision Questions
What is an Enterprise Database System?
How does it compare to a personal database system?
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