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Explain the following defects on the indicator diagrams and the engine itself. Use diagrammatic sketches as
necessary.
(a) Early Fuel Injection (b) Late Fuel Injection (c) Choked Exhaust Port
(d) Choked Inlet Port
(e) Choke Fuel Valve
( f) Leaky fuel valve
(g) After Burning
(h) Leaky Piston Ring
(i) Incorrect tappet clearance
(k) Carbon encrusted Nozzle
Early injection ( or ) Early Ignition
Detection:
Symptoms:
Causes:
Effect to
Remedy
Cho Myint
First Engineer
M.F.S.L
Detection:
Symptoms:
Causes by
In correct fuel pump timing , worn or defective fuel pumps internal parts
Faulty fuel valve ( High setting pressure )
Incorrect fuel viscosity and temperature control ( Too Low )
Bad fuel condition ( Low Cetane No. )
Poor compression
Lack of scavenge air
Excess chain slackness
Under cooling of engine parts.
Effect to
Remedy
Cho Myint
First Engineer
M.F.S.L
Detection:
Symptoms
High exhaust temperature and heavy smoke emission with soot coming out .
High temperature to internal working parts.
Turbocharger r.p.m reduce and surging
Caused by
Effect to
Remedy
Detection
Symptoms
Cause by
Effect
Due to starvation of air , engine can not perform with complete combustion. In correct air & fuel
ratio may cause engine running unbalance and decrease engine power out
Due to incomplete combustion products , internal corrosion of engine parts , ring sticking ,
contamination ..may occur.
Remedy
Detection
Symptom
Caused by
Effect to
Remedy
- Always check and readjusted tappet clearance according to recommended R.H
- Always check and regulate the necessity of L.O for rocker arm , valves and tappet mechanism.
Leaky Piston Ring
Detection:
By taking Compression card , Power card & Draw card without fuel supply.
Measure compression pressure and compare to other unit.
Symptom
Caused by
Effect to
Remedy
- Overhaul unit ( Clean & measure Liner calibration , Piston Groove , Piston Ring width
thickness
Gap , Ring to groove clearance )
- Renew excess limited parts.
- Measure cylinder lubricating rate and correct as necessary
- Avoid running overload.
Cho Myint
First Engineer
M.F.S.L
Detection
Symptoms
Caused by
Effect to
Remedy
Detection
`
Symptoms
Caused by
Incorrect opening pressure setting of fuel valve. ( Too Low or Spring Broken )
Partial opening of fuel valve by small debris at needle valve and forming carbon deposit by back
pressure hot gas from combustion.
Effect to
After burning
Produce incomplete combustion products
Fouling at inlet and exhaust ports
Reduce Turbocharger efficiency
Carbon encrusted nozzle
Remedy
Detection:
Symptoms
`
Caused by
Effect to
Remedy
Detection
Symptom
- Due to poor combustion , smoky exhaust with high temperature and increased fuel consumption.
Caused by
- By the construction of a nozzle , there is a small space between valve seat and space holes ,
called
sac. After injecting fuel , the sec contain fuel is overheated by blow back of combustion gas, and
forming carbon around the holes. This trouble is caused by high fuel valve cooling temperature.
-The secondary cause is poor closing of fuel valve , i.e , sluggish shut off , and fuel dribble.
If secondary cause is present with the first , serious combustion problem may arise.
The formation of carbon gradually built up and interfere spray pattern and atomization.
Remedy
4
5
Cho Myint
First Engineer
M.F.S.L
Cho Myint
First Engineer
M.F.S.L