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MEASUREMENT
Meter
Meter is the unit of length in S.I. System.
Meter is defined as "The distance between the two marks on a PlatinumIridium bar kept at 0OC in the International Bureau of Weight and Measures
in Paris."
One meter = 100 cm
One meter = 1000 mm
Kilogram
Kilogram is the unit of mass in S.I. System.
"Kilogram is defined as the mass of a platinum cylinder placed in the
International Bureau of Weight and Measures in Paris."
One kilogram = 1000gram
Second
Second is the unit of time in S.I. System.
A second is defined in terms of the time period of Cs-133 atoms.
i.e." one second is equal to 9,192,631,770 periods of vibrations of Cs-133
atoms."
60 seconds = one minute
3600 seconds = one hour
Least Count
Minimum measurement that can be made by a measuring device is known
as " LEAST COUNT'.
Least count (vernier callipers) = minimum measurement on main scale / total
number of divisions
on
vernier
scale
.
Least count (screw gauge) = minimum measurement on main scale / total number
of divisions
on
circular scale
Smaller is the magnitude of least count of a measuring instrument, more precise the
measuring instrument is.
A measuring instrument can not measure any thing whose dimensions are less than
the magnitude of least count.
Least Count of Vernier Callipers = 0.01 cm
Least Count of Micrometer Screw gauge = 0.001 cm
Zero Error
It is a defect in a measuring device (Vernier Callipers & Screw Gauge).
When jaws of a Vernier Callipers or Screw Gauge are closed, zero of main scale
must coincides with the zero of vernier scale or circular scale in case of screw
gauge.
If they do not coincide then it is said that a zero error is present in the instrument.
Types Of Zero
Error
Zero error may be positive or negative.
A positive zero error in the instrument shows a larger measurement than
the actual measurement.
In order to get exact measurement, positive zero error is subtracted from
the total reading.