Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

Answers to EOC questions

Chapter 29
1 a
V = V0sint, where = 2f[1]
b I = I0sint[1]
2
2
t
[1]
c P = I0V0sin2t = (I0)2Rsin2t = (V0) sin
R
2 a
2A
b 2f = 50
so f = 25Hz
c I / A

[1]
[1]
[1]

Irms (1.4 A)

1
0
0.04

t/s

0.08

d Irms = 20 = 1.41 1.4A

e 0.005 and 0.015s in the first cycle, and
0.045 and 0.055s in the second cycle
Irms marked on graph
3 a
N = 12006.0
240 = 30
2

[2]
[1]
[2]
[1]
[1]

) 6.0
b i P = (Vrms
R = 6 = 6.0W
2

[1]

ii Assuming the transformer is 100%

efficient, for primary coil IrmsVrms = 6.0W [1]
6.0 = 0.025A
[1]
Irms = 240
I0 = Irms 2 = 0.025 2 = 0.0353 0.035A [1]
4 a i Magnetic flux is in phase with the current.
[1]
ii The induced e.m.f. and current are out of
phase by 90.
[1]
I

A
I
t

b The two graphs differ in phase by 90 since

the induced e.m.f. is the rate of change of
magnetic flux linkage.
[1]

5 a
Period = 85 = 40ms = 0.040s
Frequency = T1 = 25Hz
b V0 = 30.5 = 1.5V
1.5
Vrms = 2 = 1.06 1.1V
3
c Irms = VRrms = 1.06
200 = 5.310 A

[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]
[1]

d <P> = IrmsVrms = 1.065.310 [1]

= 5.6103W
[1]
6 a
I0 = 2Irms[1]
b i The current using the a.c. supply is not
steady and is mostly below 2.0A.
[1]
The heating effect is greater using the d.c.
supply.[1]
2
(I )
P
ii Pdc = dc 2[1]
(Irms)
ac
Pdc
= 2
Pac

[1]

c Transformers only work with alternating

current. The use of transformers allows the
mains voltage to be altered without much
power loss to suit various devices that do not
need such large voltages.
[1]
7 a
Correct dotted line showing a.c.
[1]
Peak voltage V0 = 26.0 = 8.49 8.5V marked
as peak on graph.
[1]
1 = 0.02s marked on
Time for one cycle 50
graph.[1]
Correct half-wave rectified shape shown. [1]
p.d. / V
8.5

0.02

0.04

Time / s

8.5

b i 34 0.02 = 0.015s
[1]
Vmean 5.7
ii Imean = R = 400 [1]
[1]
= 0.01425 1.4102A
[1]
iii Q = Imeant = 0.014250.015
= 2.14104 2.1104C
[1]
iv p.d. across capacitor falls
from 8.49 to 4.24V
4
2.1410 
C = V QV = 8.494.24
[1]
final

initial

= 5.04105 5.0104F

[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014

Cambridge International A Level Physics

Answers to end-of-chapter questions

c Diode has very large / infinite resistance [1]

when the p.d. across the diode is negative
(i.e.itis reverse biased) or when top contact
of supply is at a smaller potential than top
plate of the capacitor.
[1]
8 a
Full-wave rectification occurs.
[1]
Four diodes are used.
[1]
Circuit showing correct bridge rectifier with
four diodes, input and output (Figure 29.15 in
the coursebook).
[1]
Circuit with all diodes connected in correct
direction.[1]
Correct explanation describing the two
diodes that conduct when the supply voltage
has positive potential at top and negative
potential at bottom.
[1]
Correct explanation describing the other two 10

diodes that conduct when the supply voltage
has negative potential at top and positive
potential at bottom.
[1]
b Capacitor charges up to 1.0V
[1]
When the p.d. across capacitor exceeds the
supply p.d., the diode stops conducting. [1]
Capacitor provides current in resistor and
discharges (exponentially).
[1]
c i t = 0.013 to 0.015s or 0.002s
[1]
ii Vmean = 0.90 to 0.92V
[1]
2

) 0.91
iii <P> = (Vmean
R = 1000 
= 8.28104 8.3104W

[1]
[1]

9 a
Peak value of mains supply = 230 2 = 325V
12

or r.m.s value of output = 2 = 8.49V

[1]
Vs
12
Ns = NpV = 2000 325 [1]
p
[1]
Ns = 73.8 74
b i Sine wave with correct peak value 12V, at
least 1.5 waves drawn
[1]
ii Correct charging portion of p.d. across R[1]

Correct discharging portion of p.d. across

R, approximately exponential
[1]
p.d. / V

p.d. across R

12 V

Time
output p.d. of secondary

c Smoothing capacitor now has twice the

capacitance.[1]
Capacitor holds more charge and can supply
the current / charge with less p.d. drop. [1]
Less ripple, i.e. the p.d. falls less during the
discharge from the capacitor.
[1]

a i The steady direct voltage that delivers the
same energy / power
[1]
to a resistance / resistive load as the
alternating voltage.
[1]
ii V0 = 2Vrms = 2400000
[1]
5
[1]
= 566000 5.710 V
or the p.d. between two conductors is
twice this value
6

b i Irms = VP = 500103 
rms

40010

[1]

[1]
= 1250 1.2103 or 1.3103A
2
2
[1]
ii P = (Irms) R = 1250 4.0
6
6
6
[1]
P = 6.2510 6.210 or 6.310 W
iii When the voltage is stepped up, the
current is reduced (for the same input
power).[1]
Smaller currents produced less energy /
power loss in the lines resistance.
[1]
c A changing current in the primary coil causes
a changing magnetic flux in the iron core. [1]
This changing magnetic flux passes to the
secondary coil where there are fewer turns
and a smaller e.m.f. is induced.
[1]

Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics Cambridge University Press 2014