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+9 V
[1]
15 k
9 V
15 k
0V
+9 V
output
0.8
15 k
+
10 k
15 k
0.2
9 V
input
0 V[3]
3 a
The process in which a part of the output of a
device is passed back to the input.
[1]
b Unless an op-amp is saturated, the p.d.
between the two input terminals of an
op-amp is almost zero. Since one of the
terminals, usually the (+) terminal, is
connected to 0V (earth), the other terminal
() is almost at earth potential.
[2]
R
4 a
Gain = R f [1]
in
= 200
10 = 20
output voltage
[1]
gain
[1]
= 8.0
20 = 0.40V
[1]
5 a
The feedback resistor Rf is half the resistance
of the input resistor Rin. This then means the
output voltage is half of the input voltage and
of opposite sign.
[2]
b The gain of a non-inverting amplifier
R
[3]
7 Non-inverting amplifier
[1]
of gain (9+1)
1 = 10
[2]
8 a
Power supply, resistor and LDR in series [1]
Output marked across the series resistor [1]
[1]
b Input voltage =
Time / s
[1]
LDR
V0
R
output voltage
9 a
The wire becomes longer (and thinner). [1]
L
Resistance R = A where is the resistivity,
L is the length and A is the cross-sectional
area.[1]
11
If all quantities apart from L are constant,
then, if the length increases to L+L,
(L+L)
R+R = A
Subtracting gives
L
[1]
R = A so R is proportional to L
R
1
b Voltmeter reading = V0 (R +R
= 5 150
450 [1]
)
1
= 1.67 1.7V
[1]
c The voltmeter reading increases.
[1]
The resistance of the strain gauge is a larger
fraction of the total resistance, and thus
there is a larger fraction of the supply voltage
across the strain gauge.
[1]
10
a i Microphone connected to (+) input and 0V.
[1] 12
Resistors connected to op-amp making a
non-inverting amplifier.
[1]
+15 V
R1
15 V
R2
[1]
[1]
[1]
13 a
switching
circuit
[2]
b Increase the resistance in the potential
divider circuit.
[1]