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Se cunosc:
-E=2.1*104 [MPa]
-=0.2
-=2500 [kg/m3]
-sectiunea transversala a stalpilor: 0.4x0.4
-sectiunea transversala a grinzilor: 0.3x0.5
Analiza se va realiza in doua etape:
A)- Analiza structurii realizata din curbe si discretizata cu elementul BEAM 2D;
B)- Analiza structurii realizata din volume si discretizata cu elementul SOLID.
Cazul A
Originea modelului este in originea sistemului de coordonate, prin urmare punctul 1 va fi
incepe din (0, 0). Punctele ramase se vor modela de jos in sus pentru fiecare stalp. Din Geo
Panel>Status1se vor activa punctele PT si curbele CR, dupa care se va salva si se vor activa
de la butonul Auto.
Deoarece sunt doua sectiuni transverale diferite, in acest caz A, modelul se va elabora
in doua etape:
Etapa A.1-se va modela numai stalpii, pentru care se va defini entitatea 1 ce va contine
(tipul de element finit, proprietatile de material, constantele reale si discretizarea);
Etapa A.2-se vor modela in continuare grinzile pentru care se vor defini entitatea 2 ce
va contine (tipul de element finit, proprietatile de material, constantele reale si discretizarea);
-Defining finite element type from: Propsets > Element Group > Element group: 1 >
Element name: BEAM 2D. In the second window, remains default attributes.
-Defining the cross section dimensions from: Propsets > Beam Section > Associated
Element group: 1 (this refer to the first type of finite element used in our model) > Real
Constant set:1 (this is the first group of constants added to first finite element). In the second
window: >Section number (0: user section):1, because one (1) means that we want to use a
standard shape available in Cosmosm.
-No. of beam section constants to be entered: Specify how many boundaries have our shape
that must be defined. For a rectangular shape is necessary (2) different boundary (height &
width).
*We give values only for EX and NUXY because our material is considered isotropic.
In the study of mechanical properties of materials, "isotropic" means having identical values
of a property in all directions. This definition is also used in geology and mineralogy. Glass
and metals are examples of isotropic materials.
-Now we can start to create beams. This means we create a new Element group (the second).
-Repeat the main three steps to define: Element Group, Material Property + Real Constants
and Meshing.
???????????1???????????
In image underneath, the values of material properties has been checked. In this case EX,
NUXY and DENS are well entered, but in some cases can be wrong, correction can be made
easily navigating to Propsets>Material Prop> choosing the entity, specific attribute and giving
it a new value which is overwritten over wrong value. Then check again.
Meshing of element 2
Meshing > Automesh > Curves
??????????????????????????????
In this case was used point 4, because it is first point in X direction.
After going through steps A-1 & A-2, now the model is ready to be stopped in his moving and
loaded.
Before to continue with application, bellow is shown the explanation for some terms from
strength of materials which will be used in this application.
Compressing of nodes:
Then we can apply some additional default loads: gravity, centrifugal forces, etc.
Analysis>Static>Static Analysis Options
This window will be left default because we do not take in account the effect of own weight,
gravity of another additional effect.
If the Run Check has been proper, then we can go ahead and run static analysis:
Analysis>Static>Run Static Analysis.
-LoadsBC/Structural/Pressure/Plot
-Edit/Plot/Curves
Analysis>Frequency\Buckling>Frequency Options
-Analysis>Frequency\Buckling>Run Frequency
-Result>List>Natural Frequency
- Analysis>POST_DYNAMIC>PD Curves>Define
Vector Plot
-Edit>Plot>Curves
Accelerogram
-Dynamic Analysis: Analysis>POST_DYNAMIC>Sel. PD Analysis Type
-Analysis>Post_Dynamic>PD_Curves>Curve Type
????? 2 or 1????
-Analysis>Post_Dynamic>PD_Curves>Define
-Display>XY_Plots>Activate Preproc>
-Analysis>Post_Dynamic>PD_Curves>Define
-Look in the folder where the model is created for the file with the model name and extension
*.CR1
Error which can appear if was used a wrong number for curve label
-Display>XY_Plots>Plot Curves
Nonexistent information: is an error appeared using a wrong number for curve label and graph
number.
-Display>XY_Plots>Activate Preproc>
-Display>XY_Plots>Plot Curves
This is from previous analysis using the variable force according the graph.
-Analysis>Post_Dynamic>Select PD Analysis Type
The Case B-The structure created with volumes and meshed using SOLID element.
-Create key points for the base of columns. Coordinates in XY plane: KP1(0, 0); KP2(0, 0.4);
KP3(0.4, 0.4); KP4(0.4, 0); KP5(5, 0); KP6(5, 0.4); KP7(5.4, 0.4); KP8(5.4, 0); KP9(10, 0);
KP10(10, 0.4); KP11(10.4, 0.4); KP12(10.4, 0);
Geometry>Volumes>Generation>Extrusion.
-Beams creation: It is starting with key points on the face of the column nr. 1.
Coordinates of key points created: KP25(0.4, 0.05, 2.5); KP26(0.4, 0.35, 2.5); KP27(0.4, 0.35,
3); KP28(0.4, 0.05, 3); KP29(0.4, 0.35, 5.5); KP30(0.4, 0.05, 5.5); KP31(0.4, 0.35, 6);
KP32(0.4, 0.05, 6);
The next step is to create key points on the face of columns nr.2 and nr. 3 to create beams.
This step can be solved in two ways. First we can create point by point after a coordinates
calculation or the second way is to copy. In this example we will copy.
-Create a new coordinate system at the base of column nr.2:
Geometry>Coordinate_Systems>3 Points.
-As we can see, in the next image has appeared new points from 33 to 40. These points will be
used to create surfaces on the face of column nr.2 and then create volumes for beams between
column nr.2 and nr.3.
-Now is created a new coordinate system at the base of column nr.3 and then will copy point
from the face of column nr. 2 Geometry>Coordinate_Systems>3 Points.
Is not very simple and takes time as well as coordinates calculation for each point.
-Beams creation: ***We are in the Coordinate system 4. No problem!
Geometry>Surfaces>Define by 4 Pt.
Geometry>Volumes>Generation>Extrusion.
Geometry>Volumes>Generation>Extrusion.
Geometry>Volumes>Generation>Extrusion.
Column mesh
***When we are with the arrow of the mouse in the cells of the window, particularly in cells
Number of elements on first, second and third curve left click from second by second to
find the line of the first volume which become from white to magenta color.
-Beams meshing: Meshing>ParamtetricMesh>Volumes>:
Clear the screen, then: Edit>Plot>Volumes.
Zoom in on volumes 4 and 5 to refresh window and the edges to become white.
***Look closely because first and second curve changes its color almost imperceptible, is
observable just a change in texture, instead the color for third curve is well visible.
***Mesh step by step each volume from 4 to 9 to identify properly those three curves. The
aim is to get a correlation between mesh of the column and beam in two planes XY and XZ.
Clear again the screen and then plot volumes to continue with volume nr. 5.
Meshing>Parametric_Mesh>Volumes
Because after meshing in a lot of elements the program run slowly when it plot them on
screen is recommended to clear the screen and edit only volumes.
-In this moment our model is in space and it is not supported, so we must to apply supports
and to cancel all 6 degree of freedom at the base of the columns (fixed supports). Meaning to
fix surface 1, 2 & 3.
LoadBC>Structural>Displacement>Define by Surfaces
Surfaces [30, 42 & 54] are upper surfaces for superior beam and they were loaded
simultaneously according image bellow.
Edit>Plot>Volumes.
Results>Extremes>Displacements/Response/Reaction>UZ: Displacements.
Results>List>Displacements/Response/Reaction>Set number-2:Reaction Forces
Analysis>Frequency\Buckling>Frequency Options
-Analysis>Frequency\Buckling>Run Frequency:
-Result>List>Natural Frequency
For comparison with frequency of the same structure modeled with beams.
Graph is ok.
In the next images is shown result of the analysis which can be compared with results from
the case A, the same structure modeled with beam element.
After a correct running of analysis according page 37, results are available to be ploted.
-Results>Plot>Displacement/Response/Reaction
Then: Edit>Plot>Volumes