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Exam #1 (Practice)
Name____________________________ID___________
#1 ______________
#2 ______________
#3 ______________
#4 ______________
Total: ___________
1. Suzanne observes two light pulses to be emitted from the same location,
but separated in time by 3.00 s. Mark sees the emission of the same two
pulses separated in time by 9.00 s. (a) How fast is Mark moving relative to
Suzanne? (b) According to Mark, what is the separation in space of the two
pulses?
Solution:
Let Suzanne be fixed in reference frame S and see the two light-emission
events with coordinates x1 0 , t1 0 , x2 0 , t2 3 s . Let Mark be fixed in
reference frame S and give the events coordinate x1 0 , t1
0,
t2 9 s .
(a)
Then we have
t ' ( t
v
x)
c2
9 10 6 s (3 10 6 s ) 0
1
v2
1 2
c
(b)
v 0.943c
2. An electron has a speed of 0.750c. (a) Find the speed of a proton that has
the same kinetic energy as the electron. (b) Find the speed of a proton that
has the same momentum as the electron.
Solution:
(a)
2 1 2
p 1
me c 2 e 1
mp c 2
But
When
pe p p
p up
1 u c 2
p
12
1.000 279
p mp up e me ue
or
Thus,
1.511 9 .
up c 1 p2 0.023 6c .
Therefore,
(b)
mp c 2 938 MeV
e 1 0.750
And
Substituting,
me c 2 e 1 mp c 2 p 1 .
When K e K p ,
p up
e me ue
.
mp
and
which yields
938 MeV c
up
c
6.177 2 10 4
6.177 2 10 4 c
up
1
c
up 6.18 10 4 c 185 km s .
Determine the specific heat of the unknown sample. (b) Guess the material of
the unknown, using the data in Table 20.1.
Qcold Qhot
(a)
or
beryllium .
1.25 10 3 m
0.418 10 11 s
0.995c
t 0
t
u2
t 1 2 (0.418 10 11 s ) 1 0.995 2 4.17 10 13 s
1. Time Dilation:
Formulas:
t t p
2. Length Contraction:
Lp
3. Relativistic Momentum:
p
mu
1
4. Relativistic Energy:
E0 mc 2
Rest Energy:
u2
c2
mu
mc 2
Erel K Erest
Total Energy:
u2
Erest
c2
5. Relation between the total energy, momentum, and the rest energy for a
relativistic particle:
E 2 p 2 c 2 (mc 2 ) 2
E pc,
E mc 2
for
7. Specific Heat:
u
pc
c
E
8. Latent Heat:
Qcold Qhot
9. Thermal Efficiency:
Weng
Qh
Qh Qc
Q
1 c
Qh
Qh
Wengine Qnet Qh Qc
Th Tc
T
1 c
Th
Th
Qh
Qc
3
R
2
Th
Tc
PV nRT
CP
5
R
2
QC
W
Q nCV T
Q nCP T
x ( x ' vt ' )
y y' ,
z z'
x ' ( x vt )
y ' y,
t t ' 2 x '
c
u1x
ux v
u v
1 x
c2
z' z
1
1
ux
x ' ( x vt )
v2
c2
u1x v
1
u1x v
c2
kB = 1.38 x 10-23J/K
c = 3.00x108 m/s
1eV = 1.602x10-19J
Binomial Theorem:
if
x<<1