Chemistry 5

Course Introduction Chapter-1

18 September 2002 

Chemistry 5: The Team
I. Lecturers
Charles Lieber Sunney Xie 

Chemistry 5: The Team
II. Assistant Head Tutor & Lab Coordinator: Gregg Tucci (tucci@fas) III. Head TFs Problems: Logan McCarty (mccarty@fas) Sectioning: Andy Ho (aho@fas) Laboratory: Philippe de Rouffingnac (rouffign@fas) Robin Friedman (rfriedm@fas)

IV. Your TFs

V. Demonstrations: Daniel Rosenberg 

Chemistry & Greater Things?

Chem (5/7) 

Chemistry & Greater Things?

Nanotechnology Environment Atmosphere

Biotechnology

Chem (5/7)

Energy

Pharmaceuticals Materials

Electronics

Chemistry is central to much of today’s and tomorrow’s science and technology! 

Pharmaceuticals & Biotechnology
(Example: Prof. Shair, CCB, Harvard) 

Chemistry & Greater Things?

Nanotechnology Environment Atmosphere

Biotechnology

Chem (5/7)

Energy

Pharmaceuticals Materials

Electronics

Chemistry is central to much of today’s and tomorrow’s science and technology! 

Nanotechnology 

Chemistry 5
Office Hours-- C. Lieber

Fall 2002

Fridays 12:00 – 2:00 pm By appointment: cml@cmliris.harvard.edu

Plans for First Half of Chem-5
Matter—Its Properties and Measurement Chapter 1; 1-lecture Atoms and Atomic Theory Chapter 2; 1 lecture Chemical Compounds Chapter 3; 1-2 lectures Chemical Reactions Chapter 4; 1-2 lectures Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 5; 3 lectures Gases Chapter 6; 3 lectures Thermochemistry Chapter 7; 3 lectures Electrons in Atoms Chapter 9; 3 lectures 

Chem 5
Questions:

Fall 2002

If you have a question during lecture, please ask! Someone else is probably wondering about the same point. 

Chemistry
What does the subject chemistry bring to mind?
Matter

Composition/Structure

Properties 

Chemistry
Matter (the stuff of chemistry)
• matter is physical material of universe • it is anything that has mass and occupies space We will focus on matter composed of elements from the periodic table 

Chemistry
Matter (the stuff of chemistry)
• matter is physical material of universe • it is anything that has mass and occupies space We will focus on matter composed of elements from the periodic table

Composition/Structure
• • components of matter (e.g., atoms) and relative proportions how these components are connected in together

Properties
Attributes that we use to distinguish one sample from another: • physical (e.g., hardness, color) copper vs. silicon? • ‘chemical’ (reactivity!) 

Chemical Properties & Change
What are chemical changes?
Chemical changes or ‘reactions’ transform one form of matter into different kinds with different compositions.
H2 H2/O2

H2O 

Chemical Properties & Change
What does chemical change imply about chemical properties?
While reading a textbook of chemistry, I came upon the statement “nitric acid acts upon copper” and I determined to what this meant. In the interest of knowledge I was even willing to sacrifice one of the few copper cents then in my possession. I put one of them on the table, opened a bottle labeled “nitric acid”, poured some of the liquid on the copper, and prepared to make an observation. But what was this wonderful thing I beheld? The cent was already changed, and it was no small change either. A greenish-blue liquid foamed and fumed over the cent and over the table. The air became dark red. How could I stop this?......... Ira Remsen, 1901

Compare Gold and Sodium? Au + H2O Na + H2O Different substances react in different ways– have different chemical properties 

Classification of Matter
Atoms, molecules and such?
Elements– different types of atoms Molecules & Macromolecules– contain two or more atoms

Mixtures and such?
No substance No matter
Can sample be separated by physical process?

Yes mixture No

decomposed by chemical process?

Yes

Yes

element

uniform throughout?

compound homgeneous heterogeneous 

States of Matter
Three common states of matter: Solid Liquid Gas 

Density & Composition
What is difference between mass and density?
Density is the mass in a unit volume of a substance: density = mass/volume

extensive vs. intensive properties
Mass is an extensive property– it depends on “how much”. Density is an intensive property– it is independent of the amount observed.

density expectations? 

Density: An Example
Vanadium Oxide, V2O5
1.0 g V2O5; ~0.30cm3 (ml) Density = 1.0 g/0.30 cm3 =

Cool reaction of V2O5
1.0 g V2O5 50 g H2O2 2.0 g hexadecyl amine Density(initial) = 53 g/50 cm3 = Density(final) = 53 g/? = in 50 ml