Industrial Engineering Department

Lab Metrology
Final Exam

# Toolmakers Microscope :
* The microscope used to linear and angular measurements .
* The Toolmakers measuring Microscope is a microscope with high power of
magnification . The magnification of microscope ( is an instrument to see objects too
small for the naked eye ) .
* High - power magnification used to taking linear and angular measurements . Such
as : It is used to measure :
1 . Odd profiles [to assist further in odd measurements, the table or stage can be
revolved under the microscope] . 2 . Hole locations . 3 . Locations of odd profiles
4 . Angles [most measuring microscopes are equipped with a transparent protractor
attachment for measuring angles]
* Main features of Toolmakers measuring Microscope :
- Eye piece lens - Objective lens - Focusing ring - Focusing knobs - Vernier protractor
Table or stage - Lighting units .

Feature

Used for

1 . stage with adjustable lighting .

For illuminate the workpiece .

2 . Table with clips , clamps , vise centers .

for holding various size or shape of

workpieces with-in the field of the
microscope .

3 . Table of the microscope (( with two

for move on cross slides to movements

micrometers )) .

lateral and longitudinal .

4 . Stage glass plate .

for put workpieces on it and focused .

* How can measurements of linear and angular dimension by Toolmakers measuring

Microscope ?
to facilities measurements , crosshairs appear also in the view seen through the
microscope as a pair of intersecting center lines . The workpiece is moved around on
the stage until one of its square edge will coincide vertically and horizontally with the
cross hairs . The workpiece is then , Clamped down on the micrometer is turned until
the other extremity is under the cross hair .
1 . Linear measurement :
obtained from the difference in the two readings of the micrometer .
2 . Angular measurement :
measured with the help of the protractor attachments of the microscope .
* Magnification

30x (standard)

# Optical Projectors :
* Optical projectors used optical comparator .
* The optical projector using for linear and angular measurements of screw threads to
determine :
1 . Major threads diameter .
2 . Minor threads diameter .
3 . Pitch .
4 . Pitch diameter .
5 . Angle of thread .
6 . Depth of thread .
* Applications , it is used for checking and measuring :
1 . Small parts

2 . Tool setting

3 . Gears

4 . Thread forms

5 . Odd-shaped holes .
* Using an optical projectors for detecting the defects :
1 . Attached foreign particles and helical metal strips .
2 . Deformed teeth .
4 . Filled root .

3 . Worn teeth .

* Optical projectors or comparator :

is a large optical device on which both linear and angular measurements or checkings
can be made .
* How can measurements of linear and angular dimension by Optical projectors or
comparat ?
The workpiece to be measured is mounted on a table that can be moved in two
directions by accurate micrometer screw . the optical systems create the image of the
part is projected on a screen , Magnified from five to more than on hundred times ,
measurement can be done directly on the shadowgraph projected on the screen .
* Transparent plastic templates : used to create image on the shadowgraph projected
on the screen .
* The magnification of comporator is commonly 20X on screen .
# Example :
if 40 X was used on 10 inch diameter screen, then the largest object could be
completely seen would be 10/40 =1/4 inch = 6.25 mm

# Thread pitch gauge :

This type of gauge is ordinarily necessary for counting internal threads . Each
template is used to check or measure only a certain thread pitch .

# Thread Micrometer :
- For measuring or checking the pitch diameter of an external screw thread .
- The end of the spindle of a thread micrometer is pointed to a 60 degree and
an accurate 60 degree V is ground in the anvil .
- The anvil is free to rotate so as to adjust itself to the helix angle of the thread
being measured.

- Before using a thread micrometer, screw the cone point of its spindle down
into the contact with the V-anvil and check the micrometer thimbles zero
reading .
- A thread measuring micrometer is designed to measure :
threawds within a certain range of pitch diameter and not only one pitch
diameter .

# How to use the Program of CMM (( Re - shaper

program )) ?
1 . Choice the surface piece is to be measure .
2 . Determine the (( screen used )) to measure the surface piece by Choice the
command (( Point )) .
3 . Determine the value of depth that is changed by the speed change.
4 . Take more than one scan (( too much point in one scan )) of the surface to achieve
the high accurate drawing and to reduce error in measured .
5. Make a Mesh to make every 3 points as the shape of triangular.
6 . Fill the hall in drawing by click on the command (( Poleyline )) .
7 . Convert the scan who are take to the CAD file .
8 . In CAD program change process to detecting the out and in point as out of
drawing .
--------------------------------------------------------------------------* Poleyline depend on curve shape .
* Scan

too much point

Draw .

* The advantage to Make a Mesh to make every 3 points as the shape of triangular is :
to know the proportion and properties of scan and make the best shape of drawing .
*